Chapter 9 history us 1

Which of the following is a disadvantage of corporations? a. Corporations can become so large that they have too much influence over an industry b. Corporations are not able to market their products widely c. Corporations have higher production costs because of their large size d. Corporations do not invest in research to develop new products

a. Corporations can become so large that they have too much influence over an industry

How did technological advances in agricultural production push many farmers to migrate to cities? a. Increasing supplies of food caused prices to drop b. Farmers went into debt to pay for new technology c. There weren't enough workers to harvest larger crops d. New technology demanded workers with appropriate skills

a. Increasing supplies of food caused prices to drop

Why did workers increasingly turn to the strike as a tactic to win labor gains? a. Strikes showed to big business a greater sense of organization to protest effectively b. Strikes made violence an effective tool to convince big business to give benefits c. Strikes gave a good impression to the American people about worker's rights d. Strikes effectively proved to the federal government how important worker's rights were

a. Strikes showed to big business a greater sense of organization to protest effectively

New technologies such as the carpet sweeper and telephone are: a. examples of the way in which innovation improved standards of living b. inventions that only the wealthy were able to afford c. examples of business models that didn't meet consumer needs d. inventions that did little to stimulate growth in other industries

a. examples of the way in which innovation improved standards of living

The goal of the Americanization movement was to: a. help new immigrants assimilate to American culture b. protect American jobs by supporting immigration restrictions c. restrict social services and financial assistance to new Americans d. encourage the acceptance of immigrant traditions into American society

a. help new immigrants assimilate to American culture

The "new" immigrants differed from the "old" immigrants in their" a. nations of origin b. reasons for leaving home c. reasons for coming to the United States d. likelihood of being "chain immigrants"

a. nations of origin

3. The most significant reason railroads encouraged industrial growth was: a. the efficient transportation of raw materials and finished goods b. the increase in labor necessary to build railroad cars c. the connection of the east and west coasts via railways d. the use of the Bessemer process to build steel tracks

a. the efficient transportation of raw materials and finished goods

What was one way that "new" immigrants of the late 1800s were unlike "old" immigrants? a. "Old" immigrants usually lacked job skills, education, and monetary savings b. "New" immigrants shared relatively few cultural characteristics with native-born Americans c. "Old" immigrants were likely to immigrate alone, and "new" immigrants came in family groups d. "New" immigrants often came from northern and Western Europe and "old" immigrants came from Asia

b. "New" immigrants shared relatively few cultural characteristics with native-born Americans

What is the main difference between horizontal and vertical integration? a. Vertical integration is a strategy in which a company buys up other companies similar to it in order to reduce competition. Horizontal integration is a strategy in which a company controls both the production and distribution of its goods. b. Horizontal integration is a strategy in which a company buys up other companies similar to it in order to reduce competition. Vertical integration is a strategy in which a company controls both the production and distribution of its goods. c. Horizontal integration is a strategy in which a company buys up other companies similar to it in order to promote competition. Vertical integration is a strategy in which a company creates more production and distribution of its goods. d. Horizontal integration is a strategy in which a company sells other companies similar to it in order to reduce competition. Vertical integration is a strategy in which a company reduces the production and distribution of its goods.

b. Horizontal integration is a strategy in which a company buys up other companies similar to it in order to reduce competition. Vertical integration is a strategy in which a company controls both the production and distribution of its goods.

What was one unintended consequence of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882? a. Construction on major railroad projects halted b. Many single-crop ranches in California struggled economically b. Chinese people born in the United States became American citizens d. The number of Chinese immigrants to the United States dropped greatly.

b. Many single-crop ranches in California struggled economically

What was the key to preventing outbreaks of cholera in cities? a. less crowded living conditions b. clean water supplies c. access to health care d. development of antibiotics

b. clean water supplies

Of the three key elements needed to promote industry, the South lacked: a. natural resources, labor, and investment b. educated labor force and capital investment c. natural resources and an educated labor force d. natural resources and capital investment

b. educated labor force and capital investment

One major way that businesses lowered production costs was by a. limiting their production b. merging competing firms c. cutting back on their labor force d. encouraging competition for products

b. merging competing firms

During industrialization, immigration was necessary to a. drive down labor costs b. provide needed labor c. provide a market for manufactured goods d. populate the cities

b. provide needed labor

Why did the federal government attempt to put limits on corporations' power? a. to avoid having its constitutional rights threatened b. to attempt to protect consumers and competitive practices c. to fight the state courts, which usually sided with business interests d. to prevent corporations from becoming more powerful than the government

b. to attempt to protect consumers and competitive practices

Why did business leaders, such as Andrew Carnegie, set up universities, museums, and libraries? a. to profit from the expanding education sector b. to avoid paying income taxes on their wealth c. to give poor people a chance to become wealthy through education d. to prove that they did not believe in Social Darwinism

b. to avoid paying income taxes on their wealth

What does the term "wage salary" refer to? a. The practice of paying low wages for extremely long hours of work b. The fact that mine workers had no place to live but in a "company town" c. The fact that workers couldn't leave a job while owing money to the employer d. The reality of laboring in a mine while undergoing ethnic competition and distrust

c. The fact that workers couldn't leave a job while owing money to the employer

Why did many immigrants to the United States have such an optimistic spirit? a. The voyage was usually an easy and encouraging one b. Most immigrants were well-prepared and financially secure upon arrival c. They believed better economic and personal opportunities awaited them d. U.S immigration policies welcomed people from all countries and backgrounds

c. They believed better economic and personal opportunities awaited them

Corporations were an important addition to the industrial free-market system because they: a. allowed for risk-free trading b. could sell to faraway markets c. had access to large amounts of funding d. could transform raw materials into finished goods

c. had access to large amounts of funding

Between 1860 and 1900, a primary cause of migration from rural to urban areas was: a. inflationary pressure on crop prices. b. lack of rural housing as building slowed c. increasing economic opportunity in cities d. government resettlement policies

c. increasing economic opportunity in cities

Business owners generally paid low wages in factories because: a. government regulation lowered production costs b. they wanted to maximize worker productivity c. keeping wages low meant lower production costs d. labor unions were focused on worker safety rather than pay

c. keeping wages low meant lower production costs

A higher standard of living for the middle class was increasingly identifies with: a. the ability to hold a job in a recession b. the opportunity to earn a college degree c. the ability to purchase mass-produced products d. the opportunity to buy a second home

c. the ability to purchase mass-produced products

In the 1880s, farmers were put out of work by: a. competition with world markets b. the development of ways to preserve food c. the mechanization of farming methods d. poor weather conditions

c. the mechanization of farming methods

Labor unions generally formed as a result of: a. business owners' desire for workers to organize b. federal legislation mandating workers' rights c. workers' efforts to improve working conditions and increase wages d. workers' pressure on the government to enact safety regulations

c. workers' efforts to improve working conditions and increase wages

What was one effect of the American industrial age? a. Many more goods were imported b. The government lowered taxes c. The number of farmers increased d. The cost of many American goods decreased

d. The cost of many American goods decreased

What did immigrants help the United State to become? a. independent b. a tolerant nation c. a strong military power d. an economic world power

d. an economic world power

"When Rockefeller founded Standard Oil, kerosene was 30 cents a gallon. Twenty years later, Rockefeller had almost a 90 percent market share and kerosene was only eight cents a gallon. Customers were the real winners here, because Rockefeller's size allowed him to cut costs..." - Historian Burton W. Folsom, Jr. Folsom would be most likely to call John D. Rockefeller a: a. carpetbagger b. robber baron c. philanthropist d. captain of industry

d. captain of industry

Child labor reform laws were passed in response to: a. conflicting state regulations about children's rights b. children's lack of productivity in the work place c. the increasing costs of employer-provided day care d. children's health issues and lack of school attendance

d. children's health issues and lack of school attendance

"Every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several State, or with foreign nations, is hereby declared to be illegal. Every person who shall make any such contract or engage in any such combination or conspiracy, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction thereof, shall be punished by fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or by both said punishments, at the discretion of the court. - Sherman Anti-Trust Act, 1890 Which of the following best represents an illegal action under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act? a. organizing a widespread labor strike b. hiring laborers for long hours and low wages c. selling shares of a business with little financial security d. creating a large business that aims to eliminate market competition

d. creating a large business that aims to eliminate market competition

The AFL differed from the Knights of Labor in that it: a. preferred their members not strike b. did not charge membership dues c. welcomed skilled and unskilled workers d. did not allow African-Americans at first

d. did not allow African-Americans at first

What is an example of a "pull" factor that brought immigrants to the United States? a. wars abroad that forced people to flee their homes b. land reform abroad that displaced farmers c. anti-Catholic sentiment in the United States d. economic opportunity in the United States

d. economic opportunity in the United States

How did new technologies NOT influence industrialization? a. improved communication b. improved transportation c. improved the system of mass production d. improved worker's rights

d. improved worker's rights

An example of a technological innovation that increased the country's natural resource base is a. the telegraph b. the cotton gin c. the light bulb d. the oil drill

d. the oil drill