Chapter 9 part 3
uring cellular respiration, acetyl CoA accumulates in which location? A.mitochondrial matrix B.cytosol C.mitochondrial outer membrane D.mitochondrial intermembrane space E.mitochondrial inner membrane
A
Glycolysis is active when cellular energy levels are ________; the regulatory enzyme, phosphofructokinase, is ________ by ATP. A.low; activated B.low; inhibited C.high; activated D.high; inhibited
B
If you were to add one of the eight citric acid cycle intermediates to the culture medium of yeast growing in the laboratory, what do you think would happen to the rates of ATP and carbon dioxide production? A.The rate of ATP production would decrease, but the rate of carbon dioxide production would increase. B.The rates of ATP production and carbon dioxide production would both increase. C.There would be no change in ATP production, but we would observe an increased rate of carbon dioxide production. D.Rates of ATP and carbon dioxide production would probably both decrease.
B
Starting with one molecule of glucose, the energy-containing products of glycolysis are ________. A.2 NAD+, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP B.2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP C.6 CO2, 2 pyruvate, and 30 ATP D.2 FADH2, 2 pyruvate, and 4 ATP E.6 CO2, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP
B
The ATP made during fermentation is generated by ________. A.aerobic respiration B.substrate-level phosphorylation C.oxidative phosphorylation D.chemiosmosis E.the electron transport chain
B
The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to ________. A.combine with lactate, forming pyruvate B.act as an acceptor for electrons and protons C.catalyze the reactions of glycolysis D.combine with carbon, forming CO2 E.yield energy in the form of ATP as it is passed down the respiratory chain
B
What is the major adaptive advantage of cellular respiration? A.to utilize glucose B.to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) C.to reduce an electron acceptor molecule D.to generate oxygen E.to supply the cell with fixed carbon
B
Which of the listed statements describes the results of the following reaction?C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy A.CO2 is reduced and O2 is oxidized. B.C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced. C.O2 is oxidized and H2O is reduced. D.O2 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized.
B
The energy of electron transport serves to move (translocate) protons to the outer mitochondrial compartment. How does this help the mitochondrion produce ATP? A.The protons pick up electrons from the electron transport chain on their way through the inner mitochondrial membrane. B.The hydrogen ions (protons) are transferred to oxygen in an energy-releasing reaction. C.The translocation of protons sets up the electrochemical gradient that drives ATP synthesis in the mitochondria. D.The protons receive electrons from the NAD+ and FAD that are accepted by electrons in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
C
Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis? A.an agent that blocks the passage of electrons along the electron transport chain B.an agent that binds to pyruvate and inactivates it C.an agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose but is not metabolized D.an agent that reacts with NADH and oxidizes it to NAD+ E.an agent that reacts with oxygen and depletes its concentration in the cell
C
Inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons follow which pathway? A.glycolysis → NADH → oxidative phosphorylation → ATP → oxygen B.citric acid cycle → electron transport chain → FADH2 → ATP C.electron transport chain → citric acid cycle → ATP → oxygen D.citric acid cycle → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen E.pyruvate → citric acid cycle → ATP → NADH → oxygen
D
Which of the following statements about cellular metabolism is FALSE? A.Reactions of the citric acid cycle take place in the mitochondrial matrix. B.In the electron transport chain, electrons decrease in energy level as they are transferred from one electron carrier to the next. C.Glycolysis is inhibited when cellular energy levels are abundant. D.Citric acid cycle activity is dependent solely on availability of substrate; otherwise, it is unregulated.
D
Why is glycolysis described as having an investment phase and a payoff phase? A.It both splits molecules and assembles molecules. B.It shifts molecules from cytosol to mitochondrion. C.It uses glucose and generates pyruvate. D.It uses stored ATP and then forms a net increase in ATP. E.It attaches and detaches phosphate groups.
D
In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions ________. A.are coupled via phosphorylated intermediates to endergonic processes B.are the source of energy driving prokaryotic ATP synthesis C.are directly coupled to substrate-level phosphorylation D.reduce carbon atoms to carbon dioxide E.provide the energy that establishes the proton gradient
E
What carbon source(s) can yeast cells metabolize under anaerobic conditions to make ATP? A.lactic acid B.ethanol C.pyruvate D.either ethanol or lactic acid E.glucose
E
When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation—reduction reaction, the molecule becomes ________. A.an oxidizing agent Bhydrogenated C.hydrolyzed D.reduced E.oxidized
E
Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation? A.the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA B.oxidative phosphorylation C.the citric acid cycle D.chemiosmosis E.glycolysis
E
Fatty acids usually have an even number of carbons in their structures. They are catabolized by a process called beta-oxidation. The end products of the metabolic pathway are acetyl groupsof acetyl-CoA molecules. These acetyl groups ________. A.directly enter the citric acid cycle B.directly enter the energy-yielding stages of glycolysis C.are directly decarboxylated by pyruvate dehydrogenase D.directly enter the electron transport chain
A
