Chapter 9 - Remembering Brain

short term memory

- Limited capacity •Capacity often tested by measuring span (how many items you can remember)

Working memory

Baddeley's theory temporary storage and manipulation of information by prefrontal systems thought to be crucial for long term learning prefrontal cortex in frontal lobes

subsequent memory paradigm

ERPs are recorded when a participant is studying a list of materials and trials are sorted as a function of whether they go on to be remembered or not in the test phase.

Types of memory

Long term - - declariative vs non declarative short term short term can activate long term

Long term Potentiation

and increase in long term responsiveness of a postsynaptic neuron in response to stimulation of presynaptic neuron basically ERP's but for long term memory

medial temporal lobe

encodes and transfers new explicit memories to long-term memory

medial temporal lobe structures

hippocampus and amygdala

Multiple memory systems approach

long term memory is subdivided into different components

Amnesia

loss of memory by damage to Medial temporal lobe, usually implicit/non-declarative memory is still intact

consolidation

making memories permanent in brain

prefrontal cortex and memory

manipulates info within short term memory lessions to lateral prefrontal cortex and impair ability to hold stimulus in mind after delay dorsolateral prefrontal neurons respond during delay

Declarative memory

memories that can be consciously accessed and hence can be declared - episodic memory - semantic memory

Anterograde memory amnesia

memory for event that have occurred after brain damage difficulty acquiring new memories amnesia here leads to learning difficulties

Retrograde memory Amnesia

memory for events that occurred before brain damage difficulties remembering events before less effected by amnesia

o Long term memory

•Declarative (explicit) vs. non-declarative (implicit) memory •Declarative memory: consciously accessible ▫Includes episodic + semantic; impaired in HM •Non-declarative: not consciously accessible ▫Skills, priming, habits

MTL structures

•Recollection - Hippocampus parahippocampal cortex

long term memory: meaning

•Stored information: what happened seconds, minutes, or years ago •Need not be presently active or consciously accessible •Unlimited capacity.

working memory

•a limited-capacity store for retaining information over the short term (maintenance) and for performing mental operations on this store (manipulation)