chapter 9 section 3
if the angle of incidence is 40 degrees, what is the angle of reflection?
40 degrees
if a tuning fork naturally vibrates at 440 hz when struck, what is its natural frequency?
440 hz
do AM or FM waves have larger wavelengths?
AM
the compressions and rarefactions combine and form a wave with reduced ____
amplitude
if a wave speeds up as it enters a material then it is refracted ____ the normal line
away from
why can you hear sounds in the hallway before you can see the classroom?
because the sound waves are around the same size as the door opening and diffract around the doorway
when an obstacle is roughly the same size as or smaller than the wavelength of a wave, the wave ____ around it
bends
if a wave is traveling at an angle when it passes from one medium to another, it _____, or ____, as it changes speed
changes direction, bends
with longitudinal waves, destructive interference occurs when the ___ of one wave overlaps with the ____ of another wave
compression, rarefaction
constructive interference also occurs when the _____ of different longitudinal waves overlap
compressions
in _____ interference waves add together
constructive
what happens when the crest of two or more transverse waves arrive at the same place at the same time and overlap
constructive interference
name the two types of interference
constructive or destructive
in ____ the waves subtract from each other as they overlap
destructive interference
what happens when the crests of one transverse wave meet the trough of another transverse wave
destructive interference
in destructive interference, the amplitude of the new wave is the ____ between the amplitudes of the waves that overlap
difference
waves can also be ___ when they pass through a narrow opening
diffracted
bending of a wave around an object
diffraction
____ and ____ both cause waves to bend
diffraction, refraction
give two examples of reflection
echoes, your reflection in a mirror
give an example of a standing wave
guitar string vibrating
the amount of diffraction that occurs depends on ______ or opening is compared to the _____
how big the obstacle is, wavelength
the beam striking the mirror is called the ____
incident beam
____ takes place as the waves from each end overlap along the rope
interference
the process of two or more waves overlapping and combining to form a new wave
interference
if sound waves go through constructive interference the sound produced is ___ than the original sound
larger
waves interact with __ and with each other
matter
when a wave passes from one ___ to another it changes speed
medium
when an obstacle is ___ than the wavelength, almost no diffraction occurs. instead the obstacle casts a ____
much larger, shadow
an object vibrates more and more strongly as it absorbs energy at its ____
natural frequencies
when two waves pass through each other they create a ____ that looks different from either of the original waves
new wave
in a standing wave, the __ always stay in the same place on the rope
nodes
standing waves have ___, which are locations where the interfering waves always cancel
nodes
line drawn perpendicular to the surface of the mirror is the ____
normal line
waves undergoing destructive interference are said to be ____
out of phase
waves undergoing constructive interference are said to be in ____
phase
surfaces often __ sound waves as well as light waves
reflect
the beam that bounces off the mirror is called the ___
reflected beam
according to the law of _____, the angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection
reflection
___ occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off it. all types of waves can go through this process including ___, ___, ___
reflection, sound, water, light
if an object is transparent then light waves can be ____ as they pass through
refracted
because of the _____of light waves entering water, objects seem closer to the surface than they actually are
refraction
bending of a wave caused by a change in its speed as it travels from one medium to another
refraction
explain the difference between diffraction and refraction.
refraction occurs when waves pass through an object. diffraction occurs when waves pass around an object
the process by which an object is made to vibrate by absorbing energy at its natural frequencies
resonance
a waves ___ depends on the medium through which it is traveling
speed
a special type of wave pattern that forms when waves equal in wavelength and amplitude but traveling in opposite directions continuously interfere with one another
standing wave
the amplitude of the new wave that forms is equal to the ____ of the amplitudes of the original waves
sum
the new wave only exists when ____
the two original waves overlap
if a wave slows down as it enters a material then it is refracted ____ the normal line
toward
can an object refract and reflect light waves?
yes, you can see through a window but also your reflection
