Chapter 9 Test Review

where do we get restriction enzymes from

"A restriction enzyme is a protein that recognizes a specific, short nucleotide sequence and cuts the DNA only at that specific site, which is known as restriction site or target sequence."

steps of making recombinant DNA

"This ensures cut ends are complementary (same base sequence) to the ends of the required gene. The required gene is joined to the plasmid using the enzyme DNA ligase in a process called ligation."

PCR

"a technology in molecular biology used to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence."

what do restriction enzymes do

Cut DNA to produce fragments called restriction fragments

recombinant DNA

DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms.

why is recominant DNA useful

Defective genes can be replaced by healthy ones and can help to cure diseases

what is the purpose of restriction enzymes

Restriction enzymes are enzymes isolated from bacteria that recognize specific sequences in DNA and then cut the DNA to produce fragments, called restriction fragments.

primers

a strand of short nucleic acid sequences that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis

blunt ends vs sticky ends

blunt are the same size sticky stick to any plazmid

restriction maps

A restriction map is a map of known restriction sites within a sequence of DNA

how do restriction enzymes know where to cut

they cut through the DNA strands at nucleotides that are not exactly opposite each other

natural cloning

twins

benefits of cloning

we can make an exact copy of something