Chapter 9 - The Skeletal System IV: Joints

The calf muscles cause plantar flexion of the foot via the ___________ tendon.

calcaneal

A motion in which one end of an appendage is stationary while the other makes a circular motion is called _____. elevation protraction circumduction pronation

circumduction

A motion in which one end of an appendage is stationary while the other makes a circular motion is called __________

circumduction

The radial and ulnar collateral ligaments restrict side-to-side movements of the __________ joint. wrist shoulder elbow hip knee

elbow

A movement that raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane is called _____. abduction elevation flexion extension

elevation

To bend backward at the waist requires __________ of the vertebral column. rotation flexion dorsiflexion hyperextension abduction

hyperextension

If one stands on his toes to reach something high, the action being performed at the ankle is __________. abduction opposition plantar flexion eversion dorsiflexion

plantar flexion

The articulations that comprise the elbow joint are the ______ joint and the ______ joint. ulnoradial, trochlear humeroulnar, humeroradial humerolecranal, styloradial

humeroulnar, humeroradial

A special movement that involves an anterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane is called ________. An example is pushing the mandible forward.

protraction

The term that describes the number of degrees through which one bone can move relative to another is _____. zero position range of motion opposition dorsiflexion

range of motion

The joint between the L2 and L3 vertebrae is a __________. synchondrosis syndesmosis symphysis gomphosis synostosis

symphysis

Types of cartilaginous joints include ______. (2) synchondroses gomphoses syndesmoses symphyses sutures

synchondroses and symphyses

Synchondroses and symphyses are types of what kind of joint? Bony (Bony joints are joints formed by bones fused together.) Synovial (Synovial joints are highly movable joints held together by a synovial capsule.) Fibrous (Fibrous joints are bound together by fibrous connective tissue.) Cartilaginous

Cartilaginous

In regard to the degree of movement allowed, most synovial joints are which of the following? Slightly movable Freely movable Immovable

Freely movable-- such as joints between the wrist and ankle bones

A joint that can only move in two planes is ___________.

biaxial

Increasing the angle of a joint toward the zero position (such as straightening the elbow) is called __________.

extension

Your scapulae __________ when you reach your hands out anteriorly to push open a door. retract elevate protract supinate hyperextend

protract

When supinating the forearm, the bone that rotates, or "spins", is the _______.

radius

A posterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane is called _____. depression protraction retraction elevation

retraction

When lowering your body during the push-up exercise, the movement of your scapulae toward the vertebral column would be categorized as ______. pronation retraction protraction lateral rotation

retraction

Turning the head to look to the right side is a movement called _____. right rotation hyperextension lateral flexion (Lateral flexion is bending the head, neck, or trunk to the side as if you're trying to touch your ear to your shoulder.) flexion

right rotation

A hockey player gets hit on the side of his knee with a puck and feels a pop. After rest and icing, he finds that his lower leg feels "loose" and has a tendency to hyperextend. What injury has he likely suffered? A torn posterior tibiofibular ligament A torn transverse ligament A torn anterior cruciate ligament A torn calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

A torn anterior cruciate ligament

What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament? It prevents hyperextension of the knee. It prevents the femur from sliding forward off the tibia. It limits knee flexion. It prevents hyperflexion of the knee. It prevents the femur from sliding backward off the tibia.

It prevents the femur from sliding foreward off the tibia.

When supinating the forearm, which bone rotates or "spins"? Radius Tibia (The tibia and fibula are bones of the lower leg.) Ulna (The radius rotates around the ulna.) Fibula

Radius

Which of the following is the least movable joint? Symphyses Gomphoses Syndesmoses Synchondroses Synostoses

Synostoses

Which of the following is the least movable class of joints? Symphysis Syndesmosis Condylar joint Synostosis Diarthrosis

Synostosis

In which type of joint are the bones separated by a narrow, fluid-filled, encapsulated space? Synovial Bony Synchondrosis Cartilaginous

Synovial

Which of the following is not a structure found in the shoulder joint? The rotator cuff The transverse humeral ligament The glenohumeral ligament The ulnar collateral ligament The coracohumeral ligament

The ulnar collateral ligament

Rotation is a moment where a bone turns around _____. a concave depression a fixed axis a flat surface

a fixed axis

Which of the following is not a major joint category? Cartilaginous Elastic Fibrous Bony Synovial

Elastic

A point where two bones meet is called a(n) ________.

joint (articulation)

If you cup your hands together as to hold water, which of the following actions are you performing? Abducting your fingers Opposing your thumbs Circumducting your wrists Pronating your forearm Adducting your fingers

Adducting your fingers

How are individual joints typically named? Based on the manner that bones ends are held together at the joint Based on the type of movement allowed at the joint Based on the names of bones involved in the joint

Based on the names of bones involved in the joint

A ballerina tears her round ligament during a performance one evening. Which of the following would her orthopedic surgeon be most concerned about? Shoulder subluxation Knee hyperextension Elbow hyperextension Cell death in the femoral head

Cell death in the femoral head

Which joint is comprised of the humeroulnar and humeroradial joints? Elbow Wrist Shoulder

Elbow

Straightening joints into zero position involves what type of movement? Flexion Hyperextension Extension

Extension

True or false: The anatomical name of a joint is determined by the manner in which the bone ends are connected at the joint.

False Joints are typically named for the bones involved in the joint.

True or false: Joints are movable interfaces between two bones.

False not all joints are movable

True or false: The coxal joints are more shallow than the shoulder joints in order to bear much of the body's weight.

False The coxal joints have deep sockets in order to bear much of the body's weight.

What is the anatomical name for the shoulder joint? Acromiohumeral joint Scapulohumeral joint Glenohumeral joint Sternoclavicular joint

Glenohumeral joint

The patellofemoral joint is an example of which class of synovial joint? Gliding Pivot Condylar Hinge (The joint between the femur and tibia is the hinge joint. The joint between the patella and the femur involves two relatively flat surfaces, forming a gliding (plane) joint.)

Gliding

Which type of joint is found between the patella and femur? Gliding Cartilaginous Fibrous Condylar Saddle

Gliding

A volleyball player jumps to spike the ball and feels a pop as she goes up. When she comes down, she has lost the ability to plantar flex her foot. Which structure has she likely injured? Her calcaneal (Achilles) tendon Her posterior cruciate ligament Her anterior cruciate ligament Her anterior-lateral patellar retinaculum

Her calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

A joint that is extended beyond zero position is said to be what? Hyperflexed Hyperextended Laterally rotated Adducted

Hyperextended

If you are looking at the back of your hand and bend your wrist backward to admire a new ring, which of the following actions are you performing? Extending your wrist Adducting your wrist Dorsiflexing your hand Flexing your wrist Hyperextending your wrist

Hyperextending your wrist

Which of the following movements of the wrist is required as a waiter holds a tray of dishes on one hand? Hyperextension Flexion Hyperflexion Plantar flexion Extension

Hyperextension

Which of the following is a plane (gliding) joint? Intercarpal joint Sternoclavicular joint Atlanto-occipital joint Talocrural joint Humeroscapular joint

Intercarpal joint

Which of the following movements tips the soles of the feet medially, as if they are facing each other? Opposition Inversion Eversion Dorsiflexion Retraction

Inversion

Which action is illustrated by twisting at the waist so the chest faces to the left? Lateral flexion Eversion Lateral excursion Left rotation

Left rotation

Your grandfather complains of pain and says he hears crunching sounds in his hip when he rises from sitting. Because you are studying anatomy he asks you what is wrong. What do you suggest he talk to his doctor about? Rheumatoid arthritis Osteoarthritis Gouty arthritis Ankylosis

Osteoarthritis

Contraction of the calf muscles causes what action of the foot? Eversion Inversion Dorsiflexion Plantar flexion

Plantar flexion

The flexibility of a joint is assessed as which of the following? Tension generated Axis of rotation Range of motion Torsion generated

Range of motion

Which of the following helps prevent hyperextension of the knee? The patellar ligament The anterior cruciate ligament The fibular collateral ligament The patellar tendon The calcaneal tendon

The anterior cruciate ligament

What structure in the knee prevents hyperextension? The fibular (lateral) collateral ligament The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) The lateral meniscus The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) The medial meniscus

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

The round ligament (ligamentum teres) attaches to which of the following? The fovea capitis of the femur The tibial tuberosity of the tibia The styloid process of the radius The greater trochanter of the femur The coracoid process of the scapula

The greater trochanter of the femur

When one is standing in anatomical position, joints are said to be in what position? Zero Supine (supine describes a patient laying on their back.) Negative Positive

Zero

The __________ deepens the socket of the hip joint and helps stabilize the joint. ischial tuberosity greater trochanter acetabular labrum lesser trochanter fovea capitis

acetabular labrum

Moving a body part in the frontal plane toward the midline of the body is called _____. abduction flexion extension adduction

adduction

The study of joint structure, function, and dysfunction is called __________. osteology kinesiology biomechanics synostology arthrology

arthrology

The point where the head of the femur inserts into the acetabulum is the _____ joint. pubic ankle coxal knee

coxal

A movement that lowers a body part vertically in the frontal plane is called _____. depression elevation abduction (abduction refers to moving a body part in frontal plane away from the midline of the body.) flexion (flexion is a movement that decreases a joint angle.) adduction (adduction is the movement in the frontal plane toward midline of the body.)

depression

A movement that increases a joint angle, particularly common at hinge joints is _________

extension

A movement that straightens a joint, returning it to zero position is _____. extension flexion (flexion is a movement that decreases a joint angle.) retraction adduction (adduction is the movement in the frontal plane toward midline of the body.)

extension

Sutures that bind the bones of the skull together are _____ joints. synovial fibrous gomphosis

fibrous

A movement that decreases a joint angle is called _________.

flexion

Starting from zero position, the movement of bending the elbow from 180∘ to 90∘ is _________

flexion

To raise your hand and place it on the shoulder of a person standing in front of you requires __________ of the shoulder. abduction flexion elevation adduction extension

flexion

Which of the following movements will tip your palms toward you when you hold out your hands with the palms up? flexion abduction lateral flexion extension adduction

flexion

The glenoid cavity of the scapula articulates with the _____. radius clavicle ulna humerus

humerus

The rotator cuff tendons enclose the shoulder joint on all sides except __________, which partly explains the nature of most shoulder dislocations. inferiorly superiorly posteriorly anteriorly medially

inferiorly

A strip of tough collagenous tissue attaching a bone to another bone is called a ________________.

ligament

The fibrocartilage pad between the medial condyle of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia is called the __________. medial meniscus anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) lateral meniscus infrapatellar bursa posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

medial meniscus

The type of joint that moves in only one plane is __________.

monaxial

Abduction can be described as _____. moving a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body moving a body part in the frontal plane towards the midline of the body moving a body part posterior to the coronal plane moving a body part anterior to the coronal plane

moving a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body

The patella and its ligament form the _____ joint with the femur. tibiofemoral hinge patellofemoral

patellofemoral

An anterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane is called _____. lateral rotation supination retraction protraction

protraction

An anterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane is called _____. retraction lateral rotation supination protraction

protraction

A movement in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis is called _____. rotation pronation extension flexion

rotation

A ligament is a _____. layer of hyaline cartilage covering the surface of articulating bones strip of collagenous tissue attaching bone to bone strip of collagenous tissue attaching bone to muscle

strip of collagenous tissue attaching bone to bone

The cranial bones are bound together by fibrous joints called _____. sutures synovials syndesmoses gomphoses

sutures

Synarthrotic fibrous joints between the bones of the skull are called _________.

sutures, synostoses, or synostosis

The junction of the mandible and temporal bone of the skull is the ______ joint. ellipsoid (Ellipsoid is a type of joint, but not the specific name for this joint.) temporomaxillar temporomandibular mandibulotemporal

temporomandibular

When in anatomical position, joints are said to be in ______ position

zero