Chapter 9 thinking, language, and intelligence
According to ___ parents should praise their children for ____
Dweck; achievement
What is the general consensus amongst psychologist on the issue of bias in intelligence aptitude testing
Overall intelligence aptitude test are not biased because the predictive validity is similar across different groups
The employees we're not surprise me and Sharon was promoted to a senior director of the organization. She had demonstrated her ability to motivate the team, delegate to the appropriate people, and promote herself. This best illustrates sternbergs concept of ____ intelligence
Practical
In the last few months of 2001, after 9/11 attacks, many Americans believed flying was more dangerous than driving. This led to a major increase in traffic fatalities. This flaw in reasoning is known as:
The availability heuristic
The easier it is for people to remember circumstances in which friends betrayed them, the more they expect such events to recur.
The availability heuristic
In which part of the brain would lesion most likely result in a disruption of language comprehension an expression
Wernickes area
a group of people born around the same time
cohort
Laverne's scores on different parts of an intelligence test are very different from one another. Laverne's profile of scores on the test:
contradicts the view of intelligence offered by such early theorists as Spearman.
How many uses can you think of for a brick? If you were to compile a long, creative list of tasks that a brick could be used for, you would be engaged in __________.
divergent thinking
The formula, two parts alcohol to one part aloe Vera gel, is guaranteed to produce an equivalent to commercially available hand sanitizer, in problem solving terms, this formula is a
Algorithm
Susan was born deaf to hearing-impaired parents. She is fluent in sign language and successful in school. How will she perform on a standard intelligence test compared to hearing children her age?
Because the intelligence test is in the culture's dominant language, a language she cannot hear, she will not perform as well.
As adopted children get older, their intelligence scores
Become MORE like their biological parents
The more people examine the evidence for their point of view, the more they tend to:
Become more convinced they are correct
The wechsler adult intelligence scale, sub test that measures one's ability for visual abstract processing is
Block design
After she suffered a stroke, Mrs. Jacobitz had so much difficulty speaking that she had to communicate by writing. This suggests that her brain damage occurred in
Broca's area
the tendency to be more confident than correct
overconfidence
"Sound it out," Mrs. Sands encourages her first-grade students when they struggle to read a word aloud. Mrs. Sands is introducing her students to:
phonemes
A best example of a category of objects, events, or people is called a(n)
prototype
Mark was administered an intelligence test by a pediatric psychologist to determine if he needs special education. Mark scored lower than 98 percent of all scores. Mark's score was:
70
According to the principle of belief perseverance, when faced with evidence supporting one's point of view on a controversial issue, one would most likely:
Assume it is correct
Dr. Zane has been studying monkeys' ability to classify photographs of cats and dogs. After the monkeys became competent at this classifying task, Dr. Zane found that certain of their frontal lobe neurons fired in response to new "catlike" or "doglike" images. This suggests that the monkeys: A. are not prone to functional fixedness. B. can form concepts. C. are smarter than 3-year-old children. D. have the ability to form syntax.
Can form concepts
If Serena goes to a new restaurant she will probably recognize some of the objects she sees as chairs even though she may have never seen that particular style of chair before. This is because she has an existing _____ of chairs.
Concept
A person who can effectively identify the best possible answers to multiple choice test question is using:
Converging thinking
A task that requires naming the European capitals in alphabetical order measures ____ intelligence.
Crystallized
What are the two meanings of bias identified in textbook?
Detecting differences in performance caused by cultural experiences and predictive validity, for only some groups of testtakers
Divergent thinking has been linked to the activity in the Brian's ___ lobe.
Frontal
Dr. Feng devices a questionnaire to measure adults extroversion, a stable, personality, trait. Dr. Feng computed the questionnaire scores of a large sample of adults. Six months later, he gives the same sample the same test. The correlation between the two sets of scores is 0.10 what can one conclude regarding Dr. fengs test?
It is not reliable
After a construction accident, James was left without the ability to comprehend an express language, because of the damage sustained in his
Left temporal lobe
In 1932 every child born in Scotland in 1921 was given an intelligence tests. At age 80 the survivors were tested again. Finally at age 90 the remaining survivors were getting retested. This investigation exemplifies a _____ study.
Longitudinal
Zac and Nina are studying for a psychology test. Zac states that heritability refers to the extent to which genes are responsible for an individual's level of a particular characteristic is genetic. Nina disagrees, stating that heritability refers to the extent to which genes are responsible for variation among individuals in a particular characteristic.
Nina is correct
Scottish folds, Devon rexes, and Maine coons are not ___ cats because they have flat rather than pointy ears, curly rather than straight hair, and large rather than smallish bodies, respectively.
Prototypical
Thought she is performing at the first grade level, and most of her other classes, Sierra is doing very well in college level algebra. This may be an example of.
Savant syndrome
Homonyms, such as bank (financial institution) and bank (the side of a river) differ in _____ but not _____.
Semantics; phonemes
Sharis brothers considered adopting an infant from an orphanage that has a reputation for a minimal child. Caregiver interaction. A one year old boys available for adoption, but he is passive and I'm speaking at. What device would Sherry give her brother
The chances are good that the boy will learn to talk if he is provided with responsive caregiving
J. McVicker Hunt tried to help children raised in a destitute Iranian orphanage by using language-fostering games and other environmental enrichments. Which summary BEST describes Hunt's results?
The infants' language development increased dramatically and most of the children were adopted.
Shortly after their daughter, Tiffany was born, Jeremy and Tara moved from Nebraska to New Zealand to work with the native population. After a few years there they noticed their daughter began to speak English, as well as Maorí , the language of the native New Zealander's. This is an example of.
Universal grammar
Identical twins skyler and sloane live with her biological parents. Skyler took an intelligence test when they were nine years old and got a score of 100. Sloane took the same test. What would one predict Sloanes score to be?
Very close to 100
a magazine columnist would probably score highest on which portion of the wechsler adult intelligence scale?
Vocabulary
With age, people lose recall memory, and processing speed, but they gain
Vocabulary and knowledge
Lori and Monica are looking at the cans of coffee on display at a local supermarket. They are trying to decide which of two different-sized cans is a better buy. Lori attempts to divide the price of each can by the number of ounces of coffee each contains. Monica suggests that "the larger size is usually a better buy." Lori is using a(n) _____; Monica is using a(n) ______.
algorithm and heuristic
identical twins reared together, have intelligence test scores that are
almost as similar as those of a single person taking the same test twice.
An impairment of language is known as
aphasia
Because of an automobile accident, Jenny suffered damage to her cerebral cortex in Broca's area. Jenny is MOST likely to experience:
aphasia
It is toward the end of your junior year and you want to apply to medical school, but the application requires that you first take the MCAT. The MCAT is a(n)________________ test.
aptitude
Having been married for over 50 years, a couple believes that they can recognize each other's feelings, and predict when either partner is likely to be happy or sad. In other words, they are displaying evidence of:
emotional intelligence
_____ is a statistical procedure that can be used to identify clusters of behaviors that are related to a trait.
factor analysis
When making each day's hundreds of judgments and decisions, people often refer to:
intuition
Imagine that, on average 6-year-olds can complete a particular block design puzzle in 5 minutes. It takes 6-year-old Bailey almost 8 minutes to complete the task. In Binet's terms, Bailey's _____ age is _____ than 6.
mental; lower
The ____ is the smallest unit of language that carries meaning
morpheme
Females tend to outscore males on which of these skills?
spelling, emotion detecting, and locating objects
Dr. Ghauderta has designed a new intelligence test for adolescents. He evaluated the test among various groups including white, black, Asian, and Hispanic populations in order to appropriately norm his scale. When the test is released and administered to other adolescents in the general population we will have _________________ scores to compare our test subjects to.
standardized
Women have been found to score lower on math tests when they are tested alongside men. This best illustrates the impact of
stereotype threat
the set of rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences
syntax
Sultan, a chimpanzee studied by Wolfgang Köhler, displayed evidence for animal cognition. He was given a short stick that could not reach a banana, but then seemed to have an "Aha!" experience. He used the short stick:
to pull in a longer stick, which he used to reach the banana