Chapter 9
What is the total pressure (in atm) inside of a vessel containing N2 exerting a partial pressure of 0.256 atm, He exerting a partial pressure of 203 mmHg, and H2 exerting a partial pressure of 39.0 kPa?
1 atm= 760mmhg = 101.325kPa N2 = .256atm He = .267atm H2 = .3849 T = .908 atm
How many hybrid sp 3 orbitals are there?
4
What pressure in units of torr is equal to 1.14 atm of pressure? 866 torr 0.00150 torr 1.16 torr 116 torr
866 torr 760 torr x 1.14 atm
Which of the following statements is correct concerning the gas phase? The volume of a gas is always less than the volume of its container. A gas expands spontaneously to fill its container. When pressure is applied to a gas, its volume increases. Depending on their chemical nature, two or more gases can form either a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture.
A gas expands spontaneously to fill its container.
Hybrid Orbitals
An orbital that results from the mixing of different kinds of atomic orbitals on the same atom. For example, an sp^3 hybrid results from the mixing of one s orbital and three p orbitals
A tetrahedral with 2 lone pairs of electrons is called The angle is
Bent 104
A trigonal planar with one lone pair of electrons is called___ what is the angle?
Bent 120
Why is H2CBr2 a polar molecule?
Dibromomethane (CH2Br2) is a polar molecule because its bond dipoles are not equal in magnitude and are not in equally opposite directions. When the molecule placed in an electric field, it orients itself so that positive partial charges are near the negative end of the field and negative partial charges are near the positive end of the field. Since the bromine atom has a higher electronegativity value compared to hydrogen, it will carry a partial negative charge and orientate toward the positive plate.
Volume is _____ proportional to pressure
Inversely proportional
Bond character is used to describe the severity of the electronegativity differences between the two atoms involved in a bond. Bonds that have_____ character correspond to a larger difference in electronegativities, and _______ bond character corresponds to a smaller difference
Ionic, Covalent
When two atoms with different electronegativities are bonded together, a bond dipole exists. These are displayed with an arrow originating at the atom with the _____ electronegativity and pointing toward the atom with the ______ electronegativity.
Lowest, Highest
The volume of a gas is directly porportional to the number of
Moles Avagadros law
Partial charges will exist on each atom when a bond exists between two atoms with different electronegativities. Since the atom with a higher electronegativity will have a stronger ability to attract electrons, it will have a partial ______ charge. The atom with a lower electronegativity will have an equal and opposite ______ charge. As the difference in electronegativity increases, the resulting magnitudes of the partial charges will ______.
Negative, Positive, Increase
6 electron groups around a central atoms has a ____ The angle is____
Octahedral 180, 90
A gas, behaving ideally, fills a fixed volume container at a pressure P1 and at a temperature T1. The temperature of the container is changed to T2. Using Avogadro's, Charles', or Boyle's law, develop an expression that would solve for the new pressure P2
P1/T1 = P2/T2
A gas, behaving ideally, has a pressure P1 and at a volume V1. The pressure of the gas is changed to P2. Using Avogadro's, Charles', or Boyle's law, develop an expression that would solve for the new volume V2.
P1V1 = P2V2
What is the ideal gas law?
PV=nRT R= constant
An octahedral with 2 pairs of lone electrons is a The angle is
Square planar 90, 180
An octahedral with 1 pair of electrons is a the angle is
Square pyramidal 90, 180
A trigonal Bipyramidal with two lone pairs of electrons is a the angle is
T-shaped 90, 180
What is the electron geometry of PF3?
Tetrahedral
4 electron groups around a central atoms has a ____ The angle is____
Tetrahedral 109.5
How is the partial pressure exerted by N2 gas affected when some O2 is introduced into a container if the temperature and volume remain constant? How is the total pressure affected?
The partial pressure of N2 will not change. The total pressure will increase
Which of the following is true? The pressure of the sample gas increases with an increase in volume. The volume of the gas doubles when the number of moles of the gas is doubled at the same temperature. Volume is inversely proportional to the number of moles of the gas. The volume of the sample gas increases linearly with the number of moles.
The volume of the gas doubles when the number of moles of the gas is doubled at the same temperature. The volume of the sample gas increases linearly with the number of moles. The volume (V) of the sample gas increases linearly with an increase in the number of moles (n) at constant temperature and pressure, which implies that volume is directly related to the number of moles of the gas. Thus, you observe a straight line when the volume of the gas is plotted against the number of moles of gas. This behavior of gases was first observed by Avogadro and he stated the following law to explain it: V ∝ n Thus V = kn, where, k is a proportionality constant.
3 electron groups around a central atoms has a ____ The angle is____
Triginal Planar 120 degrees
5 electron groups around a central atoms has a ____ The angle is____
Trigonal Bipyramidal 120, 180, 90
What is the molecular geometry of SO32−?
Trigonal pyramidal
A tetrahedral with one lone pair of electrons is called ___ The angle is ___
Trigonal pyramidal 107
Gases deviate most from ideal behavior under conditions of...?
Very low temperature and very high pressure.
How to convert torr to atm
atm = torr x (1/760) Ex: i have 781 torr, how many atms? atm= 781 x (1/760)= 1.03
There is a _____ proportion between volume and temperature
direct Charles law
A trigonal bipyramidal with 3 lone pairs of electrons is a The angle is
linear 180
2 electron groups around a central atom has a____. The angle is
linear electron pair geometry 180 degrees
According to valence-bond theory, the bond in HCl results from which of the following?
overlap of a 1s orbital of H and one of the lobes of a 3p orbital of Cl
What is the mass, in grams, of CH4 gas in a 5.00 L cylinder at a pressure of 781 torr and a temperature of 25.0 °C?
p= 781 torr = 1.027 V= 5.00 L T= 25 C = 298K n= wt/molar mass = wt/16 R= 0.0821 1.027(5)=(wt/16)(0.0821)(298) wt= [1.027(5)(16)]/(0.0821)(298) wt= 3.36
A trigonal bipyramidal with one lone pair of electrons is a the angle is
see-saw 170, 120, 90
What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with four bonding domains and one nonbonding domain?
seesaw
How many liters of CO2 gas can be produced at 30.0 °C and 1.50 atm from the reaction of 5.00 mol of C3H8 and an excess of O2 according to the following equation? C3H8 (g) + 5O2 (g) → 3CO2 (g) + 4H2O (g)
since you know the equation you can find the Mol ratio For every mole of propane there is 3 moles of CO2 That makes 15 moles of CO2 p= 1.50atm n=15 moles co2 R= 0.0821 T= 303 K V=? V=(15 x 0.0821 x 303)/ (1.50) = 249 L
Hybridization of linear
sp
What is the hybridization around the central atom in CO2?
sp
Hybridization of trigonal planar
sp^2
Hybridization of tetrahedral
sp^3
Hybridization of trigonal bipyramidal
sp^3d
Hybridization of octahedral
sp^3d^2
According to the molecular orbital theory, a bonding molecular orbital (MO) is formed when _______.
the energy of the resulting MO is lower in energy than the two orbitals from which it was made
What happens to h the height of the mercury column, if the atmospheric pressure increases?
the height of the mercury column increases
According to the VESPR model, the best arrangement of a given number of electron domains is _______.
the one that minimizes repulsions among them.
Which molecular geometry, of an ABn molecule, results in a polar molecule?
trigonal pyramidal
Which of the following describes a scenario in which the molecular geometry would have the smallest bond angle(s)?
two bonding domains (or bonding pairs) and two nonbonding domains (or lone pairs)
Equation for Dipole moment
μ= Q d in debyes
