Chapter 9: Tooth Morphology
lingual
"inside" surface, which is toward the tongue. On the maxillary arch, the lingual side may be referred to as the palatal surface.
labial (facial)
"outside" surface on anterior teeth, which is toward the lips.
buccal (facial)
"outside" surface on posterior teeth, which is toward the cheek.
How many primary teeth are there?
20
6 months
At what age do deciduous teeth start to erupt?
periodontal disease or gingival disease.
When is the only time you should see clinical root?
The premolars.
Where will you find a transverse ridge? (hint: two triangles)
anterior teeth
incisors and canines.
anatomical root
portion covered with cementum.
exfoliated
shed from the oral cavity.
clinical root
the portion of the root seen in the oral cavity.
maxillary central incisor
- first tooth closest to the midline, plays a big role in a person's appearance, also necessary in executing specific sounds (the Ss and the Ts). - erupts with mamelons on the incisal edge. - crown is the longest of any of the maxillary teeth. - labial surface is convex, lingual is concave. - 1 root, ends in a rather blunt apex.
maxillary lateral incisor
- the 2nd tooth from the midline.
How many teeth do adults have?
32 teeth.
How many teeth are in each quadrant of the permanent dentition?
8 teeth.
coronal polishing
A technique used to remove plaque and stains from the coronal surfaces of the teeth, must be careful when performing this technique on children because it can cause damage to the pulp.
By age 3.
All deciduous teeth are usually erupted by what age?
12
By what age are deciduous teeth usually exfoliated?
Buckle groove.
If you have a groove that goes from the middle of the buckle area across into the occlusal surface, what is that called?
How are the dentition arranged?
In two arches.
The cingulum.
On the lingual side of your central incisor, what is the name of the convex area?
pulp
Primary teeth have a larger _________.
Which dentition is the anterior sextant composed of?
The 6 front teeth.
What are the 2 basic parts of the tooth?
The crown and the root.
True
The first molars erupt before the cuspids.
False. Cervical line.
The root and the crown are divided by the buckle line.
premolars (bicuspids)
The teeth immediately behind the canines; used in chewing. Replace the primary molars.
third molar
The wisdom tooth is also referred to as the __________.
Why are tooth surfaces divided into approximate thirds?
This practice helps dental staff in identifying specific areas on each surface, and it allows the dentist to give clearer information about a tooth.
Food that remains caught in the teeth after eating is common in places where teeth do not contact.
True.
labial, lingual, incisal, distal, mesial, occlusal
What are the five surfaces of the teeth?
Marginal ridges
What are the ridges that make the mesial and distal edges of the teeth?
shape of teeth
What does the term tooth morphology mean?
A hole found at the tip of a tooth.
What is an apical foramen?
cuspid
What is another name for a canine?
The portion you can see.
What is the definition of the clinical part of the crown?
The maxillary incisors.
What teeth play a role in how you look and how you speak?
mandibular central incisor
Whats the first baby tooth to erupt?
fossa
a shallow rounded or angular depression.
diastema
a space or gap between teeth.
permanent teeth
adult teeth which erupt between the ages of 6 and 17.
middle third
area between the incisal third and the cervical third.
cervical third
area on the crown that is closest to the cervical area
incisal third
area on the crown that is nearest the incisal edge on the anterior tooth.
apex
at or near the end of the root.
mastication
chewing of food.
fissure
developmental groove resulting from an imperfect union where the lobes come together. Decay often initiates in the fissure.
furcation
dividing point of a multirooted tooth.
apical third
division of the root nearest the tip of the root.
oblique ridge
elevated area of enamel that extends obliquely across the occlusal of the tooth; on the maxillary first molars, the oblique ridge extends from the disto-buccal cusp to the mesio-lingual cusp.
marginal ridges
elevated area of enamel that forms the mesial and distal borders of the lingual surface of the anterior teeth and the mesial and distal borders of the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth.
eruption
emerges into the oral cavity.
cusp of Carabelli
fifth cusp located on the mesial lingual surface of most maxillary first molars (name comes from the man who first described it).
cervical area
gingival area
developmental groove
groove formed by the uniting of lobes during development of the crown of the tooth.
midline (median line)
imaginary line that divides the dental arches in two halves.
buccal groove
linear depression forming a groove that extends from the middle of the buccal surface to the occlusal surface of the tooth.
ridge
linear elevation of enamel found on the tooth
central groove
most prominent developmental groove on the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth.
dentition
natural teeth in position.
adjacent
next to.
occlusal third
occlusal surface of the posterior tooth.
quadrants
one fourth of the dental arches.
apical foramen
opening in the end of the tooth through which nerve and blood vessels enter. There may be more than one opening at the end of the root.
succedaneous
permanent teeth that replace the primary teeth.
pit
place where the grooves come together or the fissures cross; decay often begins in the pit.
clinical crown
portion of the crown that is visible in the mouth.
anatomical crown
portion of the tooth that is covered with enamel.
posterior teeth
premolars and molars.
occlusal
pulverizing or chewing surface.
concave
recessed or indented.
triangular ridge
ridge or an elevation that descends from the cusp and widens as it runs down to the middle area of the occlusal surface.
lobes
separate parts that come together to form a tooth. In the molars, the lobes often become cusps.
supplemental groove
shallow, linear groove that radiates from the developmental groove; it often gives the tooth surface a wrinkled look. These grooves do not denote major divisions of the tooth.
imbrication lines
small curved lines that run parallel to the CEJ.
diastema
space between two teeth, normally in reference to maxillary centrals.
distal
surface away from the midline.
mesial
surface toward the midline.
primary teeth (deciduous)
teeth which will begin being replaced at about the age of six by permanent teeth.
incisal edge
the biting or cutting edge.
marginal groove
the developmental groove that provides a spillway for food to escape during chewing.
central incisor
the first tooth starting from the midline; used to cut food.
mandibular arch
the lower arch in the dentition.
mixed dentition
the period when both primary teeth and permanent teeth are in the dentition.
lateral incisor
the second tooth from the midline; used for cutting.
sextants
the six parts of the dentition; there are three sextants on each arch.
tooth morphology
the study of the structure and form of teeth.
canine (cuspid)
the third tooth from the midline; aids in tearing food.
maxillary arch
the upper arch in the dentition.
mamelons
three bulges on the incisal edge of the newly erupted central and lateral incisor. Mamelons normally disappear due to normal wear.
trifurcated
three roots coming from the main trunk of the tooth.
convex
to bulge or curve outward.
embrasure
triangular space in the gingival direction when two adjacent teeth are in contact.
transverse ridge
union of two triangular ridges that produces a single ridge of elevation across the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth.
bifurcated
when there are two roots on one tooth (branched in two).
contact area
where the proximal sides of two teeth come together and touch.
interproximal
where two proximal surfaces contact and the area where an individual flosses.
