Chapter 9 Transport Planning and Policy
How to estimate trip distribution?
By distributing trips among set of possible destinations and the use of the Gravity Model
How to estimate trip generation?
By household income; # of persons per household; # of vehicles per household; population density
How to estimate modal split?
By speed and cost
Labor Regulations
Certifications, training, working conditions & compensation
Economic Regulations
Control of routes, ports of entry, pricing, scheduling.
Transportation Disaster Planning Involve:
-Risk Assessment. The likelihood of an event and its potential impacts. Used to prioritize risk. -Preparedness. This can involve the warehousing and positioning of relief material and the training of the labor force in emergency situations. -Mitigation. Shutting down of transport systems, evacuations, and the mobilization of first response resources. -Response. The goal is to maintain operational as many elements of the transport system as possible. -Recovery. Concerns all the steps necessary to recover the transport capacity that was lost during the disaster. With the lessons learned from the disaster, more resilient infrastructure and networks are a likely outcome.
Public Ownership
Direct control by the state of transportation infrastructure, modes or terminals is widespread; it extends to include the operation of transport modes such as airlines, railways, ferries and urban transit by public agencies; Full or partial (PPP) of transportation modes (public transit) or assets (roads and bridges).
Research & Development
Government research laboratories that use funding to research improving the technical, economic and environmental performance of transportation.
Costs of policy decisions:
Land; Construction; Repair costs
Safety Regulations
Safety and operation regulations (speed and design); Labor regulations (work hours); Security (passengers and cargo)
Safety & Standards
Speed & weight limits. Restrictions on limiting the number of hours a truck driver may work.
Subsidies and Taxation
represent an important instrument used to pursue policy goals; Funding for transport infrastructure and modes; taxation on fuel and transactions.
Environmental Regulations
Transporation of hazardous materials (HAZMAT); pollution emissions
Benefits of policy decisions:
Travel time; Lives saved; Injuries avoided; vehicle operating costs
Historical examples of private transport provision include:
Turnpikes in Britain Canals Urban transport Horse cars, electric street cars, buses (1900s) Ships Railways (still largely private in US)
Regulatory Control
a means of influencing the shape of transportation; technical standards for transport modes and assets; entry and competing conditions.
Transport Policy
deals with developing a set of constructs and propositions that are established to achieve specific objectives relating to social, economic, and environmental conditions, and the functioning and performance of the transport system.
Transport Planning
deals with the preparation and implementation of actions designed to address specific problems or achieve a particular goal, often within the existing regulatory framework.
