Chapter 9 urinary system
___________ is an inflammation of the prostate gland.
Prostatitis
________ is an inflammation of both the renal pelvis and the kidney. This is usually caused by a bacterial infection that has spread upward from the bladder.
Pyelonephritis
A/An _______________ tumor is a malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children.
Wilm's
What does a kidney transplant (renal transplantation) require?
a donor kidney to replace the recipient's failed kidneys
What is a ureterolith?
a stone located anywhere along the ureter
Which sudden onset condition is characterized by uremia?
acute renal failure
The complete suppression of urine formation by the kidneys is known as _______
anuria
How long is a female ureter?
approximately 4 cm, whereas it is about 20 cm in the male body
Where does a urinary tract infection usual begin with?
bladder
cyst/o
bladder
The insertion of a sterile tube through the urethra and into the urinary bladder is known as _______________.
catheterization
Renal ______________ is an acute pain in the kidney area caused by blockage during the passage of a kidney stone.
colic
Which term describes the outer layer of the kidney?
cortex
Medications administered to increase urine secretion are known as _________________.
diuretics
-ptosis
drooping down
The term ______ describes difficult or painful urination.
dysuria
_______ refers to the late stages of chronic renal failure, in which there is irreversible loss of function in both kidneys.
end-stage renal disease
-ectasis
enlargement, stretching
The condition also known as bedwetting is nocturnal ________________.
enuresis
The congenital abnormality in which the urethral opening is on the upper surface of the penis is known as
epispadias
A female ureter is 10 inches long.
false
A kidney transplant requires two kidneys to replace the function of the recipient's kidneys.
false
A ureterolith is a stone in the urethra.
false
A urinary tract infection usual begins within the kidney
false
Each glomerulus is surrounded by a renal pelvis.
false
Pyelonephritis is cancer of the kidney.
false
Renal colic is caused by inflammation of the kidney.
false
The kidneys are located within the peritoneal membranes of the abdominal cavity.
false
The prostate-specific antigen blood test is used to screen for enlargement of the prostate gland.
false
Ureterostenosis is the distention of a ureter.
false
Urine is the major waste product of protein metabolism.
false
glomerul/o
glomerulus
what does each nephron contain?
glomerulus (a cluster of capillaries surrounded by a cup-shaped membrane called the Bowman's capsule)
The term_____ describes the presence of stones in the kidney
nephrolithiasis
which procedure is the removal of a kidney stone through a surgical incision into the kidney?
nephrolithotomy
A/An ______________________ is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys.
nephrologist
The freeing of a kidney from adhesions is known as ______________.
nephrolysis
which procedure is the freeing of a kidney from adhesions?
nephrolysis
A _________________ is the surgical fixation of a floating kidney.
nephropexy
which condition is the formation or discharge of pus in the kidney?
nephropyosis
The term ____ means excessive urination during the night.
nocturia
What is renal colic caused by?
obstruction of the ureter
The term ___________ means scanty urination.
oliguria
A ______________ nephrolithotomy is performed by making a small incision in the back and inserting a nephroscope to crush and remove a kidney stone.
percutaneous
The treatment that provides ongoing dialysis is known as continuous ambulatory ______________ dialysis.
peritoneal
Which of the following signs is not characteristic of nephrotic syndrome?
pyelitits
An intravenous ______________ is a radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters used to diagnose changes in the urinary tract.
pyelogram
A surgical incision into the renal pelvis is a/an _______________.
pyelotomy
pyel/o
renal pelvis
What is the prostate-specific antigen blood test used for?
screen for prostate cancer (PSA test)
-lysis
setting free, separation
lith/o
stone, calculus
Which term describes the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running sneezing, laughing or coughing?
stress incontinence
The placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall is known as _________ catheterization
suprapubic
-pexy
surgical fixation
-tripsy
to crush
The ____________ is the smooth triangular area on the inner surface of the bladder located between the openings of the ureters and the urethra.
trigone
A cystocele is a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall.
true
A urinary sphincter, located at each end of the urethra, controls the flow of urine
true
Anuria is the absence of urine formation by the kidneys.
true
Cystoscopy is the visual examination of the interior of the urinary bladder
true
Enuresis is the involuntary discharge of urine.
true
Hemodialysis is the removal of waste products directly from the blood.
true
Hydronephrosis is the enlargement of the renal pelvis of one or both kidneys
true
Nephroptosis, also known as floating kidney, is the prolapsed of a kidney.
true
Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited kidney disorder in which the kidneys become enlarged because of multiple cysts.
true
Prostatism is the condition of having symptoms resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hypertrophy.
true
Pyelopathy is the surgical repair of the renal pelvis.
true
Renal failure is the inability of one or both kidneys to perform their functions.
true
The term nephropathy means any disease of the kidney.
true
Trigonitis is an inflammation of the urinary bladder that is localized in the region of the trigone.
true
What is the major waste product of protein metabolism?
urea
ureter/o
ureter
Which condition is the abnormal enlargement of a ureter?
ureterectasis
which term describes the surgical repair of the tube extending from the kidney to the bladder?
ureteroplasty
urethr/o
urethra
Which condition is the abnormal narrowing of the tube that carries urine out of the body?
urethrostenosis
A surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture is a/an...
urethrotomy
-uria
urination, urine
A/An ______________ is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the urinary system of the females and the genitourinary system of the males.
urologist
The term _____________ describes the distention of a ureter.
uterectasis
A/an __________ is an abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina that allows the constant flow of urine from the bladder into the vagina.
vesicovaginal fistula
What is pyelonephritis?
A bacterial infection of the kidneys
What is each glomerulus surrounded by?
Bowman's capsule
________________ shockwave lithotripsy is the destruction of stones with the use of high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel.
Extracorporeal
Where are the kidneys located?
In the superior portion of the posterior abdominal cavity, retroperitoneal.
Which term describes a radiographic study of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder without the use of a contrast medium?
KUB
________________ is a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea is retained in the blood.
Uremia
______________ is the pigment that gives urine its normal yellow-amber or straw color.
Urochrome
-cele
hernia, tumor, cyst
Urinary _____________ is difficulty in starting a urinary stream.
hesitancy
The swelling of one or both kidneys due to an obstruction in the flow of urine is known as _____________.
hydronephrosis
which term describes the presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine?
hyperproteinuria
A congenital female abnormality in which the urethral opening is into the vagina is known as _____________.
hypospadias
The term meaning the inability to control the excretion of urine and feces is known as ________________.
incontinence
Which condition is a chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder?
interstitial cystitis
Neurogenic bladder ____________.
is caused by interference with the nerve pathways associated with urination.
The urethral meatus _____________
is the external opening of the urethra
nephr/o
kidney
An incision of the urinary meatus to enlarge the opening is a/an _____.
meatotomy
