chapter 9/10 practice test

In which of the following ways are bacterial cells similar to human cells? a)Bacterial cells use ATP to fuel cellular activities. b)Bacterial cells have a single, circular chromosome. c)Bacterial cells lack mitochondria. d)Bacterial cells have cell walls.

a

Lymphatic vessels are similar to veins in that they both __________. a)contain one-way valves to prevent the backflow of fluid b)allow fluid to flow in two directions c)have a single, unbranched structure d)have a thick layer of smooth muscle

a

The advantage of having memory cells in specific defenses is that a)if exposed to an antigen a second time, they quickly become plasma cells b)they produce antibodies and can become phagocytic c)they prevent production of other proteins so that antibodies can be produced d)they prevent viruses from entering the body a second time e)they remain in an active state, continuously producing antibodies

a

Which of the following leukocytes kills its target cells, such as cancer cells or virus-infected cells, by releasing chemicals that break down the target cell membrane? a)natural killer cells b)T lymphocytes c)macrophages d)basophils e)B lymphocytes

a

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the spleen? a)Red pulp of the spleen stores excess blood. b)Red pulp of the spleen contains primarily lymphocytes. c)It is located in the lower portion of the thoracic cavity. d)The spleen has the same functions as the tonsils. e)White pulp of the spleen contains macrophages that kill microorganisms circulating in the lymph.

a

Bacterial infections are generally treated with ________.

antibiotics

Activation of a B cell leads to all of the following, EXCEPT __________. a)production of memory cells b)destruction of cytokines c)production of plasma cells d)cloning of a B cell

b

All of the following represent physical and/or chemical barriers that form the body's first line of defense against pathogens EXCEPT which one? a)resident bacteria b)antibodies c)earwax d)tears e)skin surface

b

Living, and some non-living, entities that cause disease are called __________. a)bacteria b)pathogens c)mutations d)immunity

b

Which one of the following is/are located in the tonsils to filter out many of the microorganisms that enter the throat? a)platelets b)lymphocytes c)thymus d)adenoids e)red blood cells

b

All of the following are involved in the inflammatory response EXCEPT a)phagocytes b)basophils c)antibodies d)mast cells e)histamine

c

Bacteria are classified as ________ cells because they do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. a)plant b)eukariotic c)prokaryotic d)animal

c

Each of the following processes helps combat infection, EXCEPT __________. a)fever b)antibody production c)autoimmunity d)inflammation

c

Fever is caused when __________ release __________. a)B cells; cytokines b)eosinophils; histamines c)macrophages; pyrogens d)infected cells; interferon

c

In which of the following choices is the cell correctly matched with its function? a)eosinophil: produces antibodies b)B lymphocyte: directly attacks foreign cells c)basophil: secretes histamine d)T lymphocyte: phagocytizes bacteria

c

Skin is able to prevent most microorganisms from entering the body by a)the adhesion junction in the skin preventing bacteria from entering b)releasing macrophages on the skin surface c)having keratin in the uppermost layer d)production of antibodies e)producing alkaline secretions

c

Specific defense mechanisms differ from nonspecific defense mechanisms in that only specific mechanisms __________. a)involve complement protein b)target particular antibodies c)utilize B cells and T cells d)protect a localized region

c

Which of the following is associated with the specific defenses of the body? a)the complement system b)phagocytosis c)cell-mediated immunity d)interferons e)the inflammatory response

c

secretes hormones important in the maturation of T cells

thymus

filters out microorganisms that enter the throat by food or air

tonsil

The thymus gland, which is responsible for the development of T cells, stops growing during adolescence and shrinks as one grows into adulthood. True False

true

Which of the following classes of antibodies activates the inflammatory response by causing the release of histamine? IgD IgM IgE IgA IgG

IgE

Which of the following is TRUE regarding lymph nodes? a)Macrophages but not lymphocytes can be found within lymph nodes. b)They filter lymph fluid, trapping microorganisms and abnormal cells. c)They are located only in the digestive tract and neck. d)They remove microorganisms and abnormal cells from the lymph and return them to blood circulation. e)Lymph flows from the lymph vessels to the urinary system.

b

Which one of the following is characteristic of T lymphocytes but NOT B lymphocytes? a)antibody-mediated immunity b)direct attack of antigen-bearing cells c)maturation in the red bone marrow d)production of plasma cells e)production of immunoglobulins

b

A specific antibody will bind to __________. a)a general class of antigens b)any antigen, because the heavy chains can accommodate any shape c)any antigen, because the binding sites are variable d)a specific antigen

d

Characteristics of bacteria include all of the following, EXCEPT __________. a)absence of a nuclear membrane b)presence of a cell wall c)a single circular chromosome d)presence of membrane-bound organelles

d

The spleen __________. a)includes white pulp that contains macrophages b)is required in order to maintain life and health c)cleanses the lymph d)removes damaged red blood cells from circulation

d

What do lysozyme, keratin, and mucus have in common? a)They are all associated with the action of macrophages. b)All are produced by lymphocytes. c)All circulate in lymphatic fluid. d)They are all part of the first line of defense.

d

When comparing viruses and bacteria, which one of the following statements is CORRECT? a)Viruses and bacteria are both able to reproduce on their own. b)Viruses are pathogens; bacteria are decomposers. c)Viruses have membrane-bound organelles; bacteria do not have membrane-bound organelles. d)Viruses and bacteria both contain genetic material. e)Viruses are larger than bacteria.

d

Which of the following pathogenic agents cause a self-propagating misfolding of proteins in nerve cells? a)bacteria b)viruses c)helminths (worms) d)prions

d

Which of the following statements about viruses is true? a)Viruses are very small bacteria. b)Viral infections can generally be controlled with antibiotics. c)Viruses are composed of protein only. d)Viruses require a host cell in which to reproduce.

d

Which one of the following diseases is caused by a virus? a)tuberculosis b)Lyme disease c)toxic shock syndrome d)rabies e)syphilis

d

The release of chemicals from injured cells triggers histamine release from a)macrophages b)B cells c)neutrophils d)phagocytes e)mast cells

e

Which of the following leukocytes is most likely to be directly involved in the destruction of flukes (a parasitic flatworm)? a)B lymphocytes b)neutrophils c)natural killer cells d)basophils e)eosinophils

e

Which one type of cells is responsible for producing and releasing antibodies? a)macrophages b)red bone marrow c)T lymphocytes d)natural killer cells e)B lymphocytes

e

The best way to reduce bacterial pathogens in the blood stream is to reduce a fever as quickly as possible. True False

false

filters microorganisms and cellular debris from lymph

lymph node

transports lymph in the body

lymphatic vessel

Chemicals released by macrophages that cause the onset of a fever are called ________.

pyrogens

removes microorganisms and old red blood cells from the blood

spleen