Chapter FOUR Quiz
Pyruvic acid combines with a coenzyme to form which of the following? Select one: A. Ammonia B. Acetyl CoA C. Keto acid D. Urea E. Oxaloacetic acid
B. Acetyl CoA
Glucose enters cells via facilitated diffusion, which is largely enhanced by which of the following? Select one: A. Pyruvic acid B. Insulin C. Glucagon D. Glycerol E. Acetyl CoA
B. Insulin
Gluconeogenesis is especially important for protection of which of the following body systems? Select one: A. Urinary B. Nervous C. Reproductive D. Endocrine E. Cardiovascular
B. Nervous
The synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones is called: Select one: A. metabolism. B. anabolism. C. glycolysis. D. oxidation. E. catabolism.
B. anabolism.
The initial phase of fatty acid oxidation is called glyceraldehyde. Select one: True False
False
The part of an enzyme molecule that binds a substrate is called metabolism. Select one: True False
False
The pathways of aerobic respiration are located outside of cells. Select one: True False
False
When glycogen is stored, the liver cells are at their most active states. Select one: True False
True
What occurs during the process of gluconeogenesis? Select one: A. Glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate precursors. B. Glucose is converted in water and carbon dioxide. C. Glycogen is broken down in order for glucose release. D. Glycerol and amino acids are converted to chylomicrons. E. Glycogen is synthesized.
**NOT D. Glycerol and amino acids are converted to chylomicrons.
A polypeptide is formed from: Select one: A. two amino acids. B. many DNA and RNA molecules. C. one amino acid and fatty acid. D. many fatty acids. E. many amino acids.
**Not A. two amino acids.
Along with water, which of the following is the end product of the combination of ammonia with carbon dioxide? Select one: A. Glycogen B. Uric acid C. D-amino oxidase D. Urea E. Ketone
*NOT C. D-amino oxidase
Which of the following produces a significant amount of energy in cellular respiration? Select one: A. Oxaloacetic acid B. Pyruvic acid C. Glycerol D. Glucagon E. Oxygen
*NOT B. Pyruvic acid
In glycolysis, each molecule of glucose metabolized releases enough energy to form how many molecules of ATP? Select one: A. 2 B. 6 C. 24 D. 36 E. 38
A. 2
Which of the following is true about the TCA cycle? Select one: A. Directly produces most of the ATP from the catabolism of glucose B. Begins with the formation of a molecule of citric acid C. Contains enzymes called cytochromes D. Forms acetyl-CoA from glucose E. Does not form any carbon dioxide
A. Directly produces most of the ATP from the catabolism of glucose
Cytochromes contain which of the following metal atoms? Select one: A. Iron B. Gold C. Zinc D. Copper E. Cobalt
A. Iron
What is the result of ketosis? Select one: A. Metabolic acidosis B. Glucogenesis C. Metabolic alkalosis D. Glycogen buildup E. Edema and water retention
A. Metabolic acidosis
Which of the following mechanisms produces the most ATP during cellular respiration? Select one: A. Oxidative phosphorylation B. Oxidation reactions C. Lactic acid production D. Conversion to a nucleic acid E. Substrate-level phosphorylation
A. Oxidative phosphorylation
Acetyl CoA is produced when acetic acid combines with coenzyme A. This coenzyme contains which of the following? Select one: A. Sulfur derived from vitamin B5 B. Vitamin B1 C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin B12 derived from cobalamin E. Vitamin C
A. Sulfur derived from vitamin B5
The synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones is called: Select one: A. anabolism. B. catabolism. C. glycolysis. D. oxidation. E. metabolism.
A. anabolism.
An electrochemical proton (H+) gradient is created across the: Select one: A. inner mitochondrial membrane. B. outer cell membrane. C. cell membrane. D. cytoplasm. E. nuclear membrane.
A. inner mitochondrial membrane.
In the process of glycolysis, glucose is broken down to yield: Select one: A. pyruvic acid and lactic acid. B. lactic acid and amino acid. C. ATP and water. D. ATP, lactic acid, and amino acid. E. glycogen and water.
A. pyruvic acid and lactic acid.
The target of enzyme action is called the: Select one: A. substrate. B. end product. C. active site. D. catalase. E. None of these is correct.
A. substrate.
In transamination, the amino group of an amino acid is Select one: A. transferred to a keto acid. B. transferred to acetyl-CoA. C. converted to urea. D. converted to ammonia. E. transferred to a molecule in the glycolytic pathway.
A. transferred to a keto acid.
Glucose is stored as either proteins or nucleic acids. Select one: True False
False
The brain converts CoA molecules to ketones. Select one: True False
False
Excess proteins can be stored by the liver. Select one: True False
False
The oxidative deamination and energy use of amino acids are promoted by which of the following? Select one: A. Enough essential amino acids B. Enough fat calories to provide sufficient ATP formation C. Excessive amounts of dietary proteins D. Ammonia that combines with oxygen, forming urea E. All of these are correct.
C. Excessive amounts of dietary proteins
Glycerol is easily converted to act as an intermediate substance during glycolysis. Which of the following is this intermediate substance? Select one: A. Triglyceride B. Acetic acid C. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate D. Glyceraldehyde 3-PO4 E. Acetyl CoA
C. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Which of the following causes lipogenesis to become the primary activity in the adipose tissues? Select one: A. Low blood sugar B. Low blood antibodies C. High blood sugar D. High blood cholesterol E. Low blood cholesterol
C. High blood sugar
Which of the following is not a feature of beta oxidation? Select one: A. It occurs in the mitochondria. B. All second carbons are reduced. C. It involves anabolism of fats. D. Fatty acids are broken into acetic acid fragments. E. All of these are correct.
C. It involves anabolism of fats.
Glycolysis is a process of breaking down glucose to yield pyruvic acid and which of the following? Select one: A. Phosphoric acid B. Oxaloacetic acid C. Lactic acid D. Hydrochloric acid E. Carbonic acid
C. Lactic acid
When simple sugar molecules make up molecules of glycogen, the process is referred to as: Select one: A. catabolism. B. oxidation. C. anabolism. D. metabolism. E. glycolysis.
C. anabolism.
If ketone bodies are present in large quantities in the urine and blood, there is usually increased metabolism of: Select one: A. amino acids. B. lactic acid. C. fatty acids. D. glycogen. E. oxaloacetic acid.
C. fatty acids.
Lipogenesis generally begins with which of the following? Select one: A. Amino acids B. Fatty acids C. Succinyl-CoA D. Acetyl-CoA E. Glucose
D. Acetyl-CoA
Which of the following acts as an intermediary that accepts electrons from one molecule and transfers them to another molecule? Select one: A. Acetyl group B. Electrons C. Hydrogen ions D. Coenzyme E. Cytochrome
D. Coenzyme
Which of the following is not true about metabolism of lipids? Select one: A. Fats have approximately twice the yield of carbohydrates. B. Fats have approximately twice the yield of proteins. C. Fats yield approximately 9 Kcal of energy per gram. D. Fats have very high amounts of water. E. Digested fats are transported in lymph.
D. Fats have very high amounts of water.
Which of the following molecules serves as the primary source of readily available fuel for neurons and blood cells? Select one: A. ATP B. Fat C. Protein D. Glucose E. Acetyl CoA
D. Glucose
Glucose enters cells via facilitated diffusion, which is largely enhanced by which of the following? Select one: A. Glucagon B. Glycerol C. Pyruvic acid D. Insulin E. Acetyl CoA
D. Insulin
A person who consumes many complex carbohydrates has more glycogen stored in which of the following organs? Select one: A. Stomach and spleen B. Lungs C. Kidneys D. Muscles E. Brain and spinal cord
D. Muscles
Which of the following occurs during lipolysis? Select one: A. Lipids are metabolized to yield ATP. B. Lipids are converted into glucose molecules. C. Lipids are formed from excess carbohydrates. D. Triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids. E. Triglycerides are converted into molecules of acetyl-CoA.
D. Triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids.
In transamination, the amino group of an amino acid is Select one: A. converted to ammonia. B. transferred to a molecule in the glycolytic pathway. C. converted to urea. D. transferred to a keto acid. E. transferred to acetyl-CoA.
D. transferred to a keto acid.
Fats yield approximately 4 Kcal of energy during catabolism. Select one: True False
False
In the process of cellular respiration, each molecule of glucose that is metabolized releases enough energy to form how many molecules of ATP? Select one: A. 2 B. 24 C. 6 D. 38 E. 36
E. 36
Which of the following occurs during glycolysis? Select one: A. Six molecules of ATP are produced. B. Carbon dioxide is produced. C. More energy is used than is released. D. NADH+ molecules attach to the cytochrome. E. One molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
E. One molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
The carbon dioxide of respiration is formed during: Select one: A. the TCA cycle. B. the formation of water. C. electron transport. D. the formation of pyruvic acid. E. glycolysis.
E. glycolysis.
A dipeptide is formed from several amino acids bound together. Select one: True False
False
Cellular respiration requires three types of reactions: glycolysis, hydrolysis, and rate-limiting enzymes. Select one: True False
False
Anabolism is the process of building complex molecules in the body from simpler materials. Select one: True False
True
Anesthesia gains more heat than the body is able to lose, causing hyperthermia. Select one: True False
True
Catabolism and anabolism both begin with glucose-6-phosphate. Select one: True False
True
Deaminated amino acids converted to pyruvic acid can be reconverted to glucose. Select one: True False
True
Each ATP molecule has a chain of three groups of phosphates. Select one: True False
True
For cellular respiration, protein and oxygen are required. Select one: True False
True
High blood sugar causes lipogenesis to become the primary activity in the adipose tissues. Select one: True False
True
Protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes, where enzymes control formation of peptide bonds. Select one: True False
True
The electron transport chain converts energy via release of electronic energy to pump protons. Select one: True False
True