Chapters 1, 2, and 3 | Clicker Questions and Mastering Biology Review Questions (BIO111-02 UNCG)

Complete the analogy: covalent bonds are to ionic bonds as a wooden board is to... A. paper B. egg shells C. a tree trunk D. a mosquito E. a leaf

A. paper

The actions of an organism are based on __________ activities. A. organ B. cell C. tissue D. organ systems

B. cell

How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 8

D. 4

If a product is more basic, what ions are used to label pH?

OH+ ions

Approximately what percentage of human-generated atmospheric CO2 is absorbed by the oceans? A. 25% B. 60% C. 1% D. 5% E. 95%

A. 25%

Which of the following would be regarded as compounds? A. H2O and CH4, but not O2 B. H2O and O2 C. CH4 and O2, but not H2O D. O2 and CH4 E. H2O, O2, and CH4

A. H2O and CH4, but not O2

Based on the periodic table shown, which elements will most likely form an ionic bond? (Remember - ionic bonds share one electron) A. Na and Cl B. C and O C. N and O D. Si and Cl E. all of the above

A. Na and Cl

A group of organisms of a species living together in an environment is referred to as... A. a population B. a community C. an ecosystem D. the biosphere

A. a population

Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense? A. an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce. B. a female who mates with 20 males and produces one offspring that lives to reproduce. C. a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill. D. a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring. E. an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce.

A. an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce.

Oxygen has an atominc number of 8 and a mass number of 16. Thus, what is the atomic mass of an oxygen atom? A. approximately 16 daltons B. approximately 8 grams C. approximately 16 grams D. approximately 8 daltons E. approximately 24 grams

A. approximately 16 daltons

A single-celled organism isolated from a deep sea, hot thermal vent was found to have a cell wall, but lacked a nucleus. This organism is most likely a member of which of the following domains? A. archea B. fungi C. animalia D. protista E. eukarya

A. archaea

Which of the following represents the correct hierarchy of biological organization from large-scale to smaller scale? A. biosphere → ecosystems → communities → populations → organisms B. biosphere → ecosystems → populations → communities → organisms C. biosphere → communities → population → ecosystems → organisms. D. communities → populations → organisms → ecosystems → biosphere E. ecosystems → biosphere → communities → populations → organisms

A. biosphere → ecosystems → communities → populations → organisms

About 20-25% of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these elements make up approximately 96% of living matter? A. carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen B. carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen C. oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen D. carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen E. carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium

A. carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight to... A. chemical energy B. carbon dioxide and water C. kinetic energy D. oxygen E. the energy of motion.

A. chemical energy

What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds? A. covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between atoms. B. covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between atoms. C. covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the sharing of protons between atoms. D. covalent bonds are formed between atoms to form molecules; ionic bonds are formed between atoms to form compounds. E. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the sharing of the single electrons between atoms.

A. covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between atoms.

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis? A. dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers. B. dehydration reactions split water molecules and add hydroxyl groups to polymers, and hydrolysis reactions remove hydroxyl groups from polymers. C. dehydration reactions break down polymers, and hydrolysis reactions create monomers. D. dehydration reactions create monomers, and hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers.

A. dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.

Which of the following correctly describes chemical equilibrium? A. forward and reverse reactions continue with no effect on the concentrations of the reactants and products. B. the concentrations of the products are higher than the concentrations of the reactants. C. reactions stop only when all of the reactants have been converted to products. D. forward and reverse reactions have stopped so that the concentrations of the reactants and products remain consistent.

A. forward and reverse reactions continue with no effect on the concentrations of the reactants.

Water becomes less dense when it freezes in water due to... A. hydrogen bonds B. polar covalent bonds C. ionic bonds D. non-polar covalent bonds E. double bonds

A. hydrogen bonds

Imagine that you are examining the structure of an extraterrestrial organism's cells. You separate the various components, finding one that mixes poorly with water. This is probably from the organism's... A. membranes B. cell wall C. DNA D. reserve of salts E. skeleton

A. membranes

Over time, the lineage that led to the modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained by... A. natural selection B. reductionism C. the hierarchy of the biological organization of life D. an emergent property

A. natural selection

Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are... A. non-polar substances that repel water molecules B. polar substances that repel water molecules C. polar substances that have an affinity for water D. non-polar substances that have an attraction to water molecules E. charged molecules that hydrogen-bond with water molecules

A. non-polar substances that repel water molecules

All of the individuals of the same species living within a specified area is known as a... A. population B. ecosystem C. family D. community

A. population

If you observed an extraterrestrial organism that was mostly composed of water, and you saw that it gradually lost water during warmer weather, you would guess that the function of the water lass was to... A. reduce temperature B. eliminate waste C. transmit signals D. reduce weight E. attract prey

A. reduce temperature

Which of the following is an activity that would not reflect the practice of science? A. science is typically performed alone in the lab. B. data are typically collected by teams of students and experienced researchers. C. scientists typically reexamine conclusions or repeat experiments from other large, famous labs. D. scientists who work in forests studying ecology often collaborate closely with geneticists who work only in the lab. E. the practice of science results in a discovery that lends to new insight, and technology involves how this new insight will be applied to develop as new drug.

A. science is typically performed alone in the lab.

A covalent bond is formed by... A. sharing a pair of electrons between two atoms B. sharing of a single electron between two atoms C. transfer of an electron from one atom to another D. sharing of a pair of protons between two atoms E. transfer of a proton from one atom to another

A. sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms

Like jackrabbits, elephants have many blood vessels in their ears that help them cool their bodies by radiating heat. Which of the following statements about this radiated energy is accurate? A. the original source of the energy was the sun. B. the energy will be recycled through the ecosystem. C. the radiated energy will be trapped by predictors of the elephants. D. more energy is radiated in cold conditions than in hot conditions. E. more energy is radiated at night than during the day.

A. the original source of the energy was the sun.

Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose? A. they are both polymers of glucose. B. they are cis-tans isomers of each other. C. they are both used for energy storage in plants. D. they can both be digested by humans. E. they are both structural components of the plant cell wall.

A. they are both polymers of glucose.

Equal volumes (5 mL) of vinegar from a freshly opened bottle are added to each of the following solutions. After complete mixing, which of the mixtures will have the highest pH? A. 100 mL of freshly squeezed lemon juice B. 100 mL of household cleaner containing .5 M ammonia. C. 100 mL of coffee D. 100 mL of tomato juice E. 100 mL of distilled water

B. 100 mL of household cleaner containing .5 M ammonia.

Which of the following is used to build a biological polymer? A. DNA B. amino acid C. triglyceride D. disaccharide

B. amino acid

Which of the following is a correct monomer/polymer pairing? A. amino acid/polysaccharide B. amino acid/polypeptide C. glycerol/triglicheride D. monosaccaride/polypeptide

B. amino acid/polypeptide

All of the living things in a particular area along with all of the non-living aspects of the environment with which organisms interact is known as... A. a biological community B. an ecosystem C. the biosphere D. a population

B. an ecosystem

Which properties of water are most important for the movement of water up a tree? A. cohesion and specific heat B. cohesion and adhesion C. adhesion and specific heat D. adhesion and heat of vaporization E. heat of vaporization and specific heat

B. cohesion and adhesion

A carbon atom is most likely to form which of the following bonds with other atoms? A. iconic bonds B. covalent bonds C. hydrogen bonds D. covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds.

B. covalent bonds

Which taxonomic domain includes multicellular photosynthetic organisms? A. bacteria B. eukarya C. fungi D. plantae E. archea

B. eukarya

Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because... A. humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the beta glycosidic linkages of starch, but not the alpha glycosidic linkages of cellulose. B. humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the alpha glycosidic linkages of starch, but not the beta glycosidic linkages of cellulose. C. humans harbor starch-digesting bacteria in the digestive tract, but not cellulose-digesting bacteria. D. the monomer of starch is glucose, whereas the monomer of cellulose is glucose modified by the addition of a nitrogen-containing group.

B. humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the alpha glycosidic linkages of starch but not the beta glycosidic linkages of cellulose.

The primary source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is... A. thermal energy B. light energy C. ATP D. kinetic energy E. chemical energy

B. light energy

What is the correct order, from smallest to largest, in a living cell or organism? A. cells, organelles, organ system, community, ecosystems. B. molecules, organism, population, communities, biosphere. C. molecules, cells, tissues, ecosystems, communities. D. organelles, cells, population, biosphere, ecosystems. E. cells, organs, population, ecosystems, communities.

B. molecules, organism, population, communities, biosphere.

Which of the following kingdoms comprises mostly unicellular eukaryotes? A. bacteria B. protista C. fungi D. plantae E. animalia

B. protista

In order for a hypothesis to be used in science, which of the following must be true? A. the hypothesis must be properly accepted. B. the hypothesis is testable and falsifiable C. the hypothesis represents established facts D. the hypothesis must be proven correct E. the hypothesis must be reproducible.

B. the hypothesis is testable and falsifiable.

The nucleus of a nitrogen atom contains 7 neutrons and 7 protons. Which of the following is a correct statement concerning nitrogen? A. the nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic number of 21. B. the nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic number of 7. C. the nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic number of 14. D. the nitrogen atom has a mass number of 7 and an atomic number of 21. E. the nitrogen atom has a mass number of 7 and an atomic number of 14.

B. the nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic number of 7.

The biochemical reaction that joins two amino acids to form a dipeptide is accompanied by... A. the addition of a nitrogen atom B. the release of a water molecule C. the release of a carbon dioxide molecule. D. the addition of a water molecule.

B. the release of a water molecule.

One liter of a solution of pH 4 has how many more hydrogen ions (H+) than 1 L of a solution of pH 9? A. 40,000x more B. 16x more C. 100,000x more D. 4x more E. 10,000x more

C. 100,000x more.

Burning of fossil fuels releases large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Approximately what proportion of carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere, contributing to the trapping of heat close to the Earth's surface? A. less than 1% B. 5% C. 50% D. 90%

C. 50%

The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Nitrogen-15 is heavier than Nitrogen-14 because the atomic nucleus of Nitrogen-15 contains how many neutrons? A. 7 B. 12 C. 8 D. 14 E. 6

C. 8

All of the organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem are known as... A. a biosphere B. a biological system C. a biological community D. a population

C. a biological community

Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules that... A. differ in the arrangement of atoms around their double bonds. B. exist in wither linear chain or ring forms. C. are mirror images of one another. D. have identical chemical formulas, but differ in the branching of their carbon skeletons.

C. are mirror images of one another

A group of different elements arranged in a set ratio is referred to as a... A. atom B. molecule C. compound D. organelle E. cell

C. compound

Water molecules are able to form hydrogen bonds with... A. compounds that are not soluble in water B. compounds that have non-polar covalent bonds C. compounds that have polar covalent bonds D. oxygen gas (O2) molecules E. methane gas (CH4) molecules

C. compounds that have polar covalent bonds

Wood ants shoot __________ as their defense mechanism: A. webs B. water C. formic acid D. poision gas

C. formic acid

Which of the following solutions would require the greatest amount of base to be added to bring the solution to a neutral pH? A. tomato juice at pH 4 B. vinegar at pH 3 C. gastric juice at pH 2 D. bleach at pH 12 E. coffee at pH 5

C. gastric juice at pH 3

Imagine there is a species-specific fishing regulation that mandates only adult fish of this species that are 75 cm or longer may be kept and shorter fish must be released. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the average length of the adult fish population will... A. rapidly increase B. remain unchanged C. gradually decline D. rapidly decline E. gradually increase

C. gradually decline

In an aqueous solution, water molecules associate with one another through which of the following? A. ionic bonds B. covalent bonds C. hydrogen bonds D. polar covalent bonds E. hydrophobic interactions

C. hydrogen bonds

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of fungi? A. living in extreme environments like boiling hot springs B. producing sugars by photosynthesis C. obtaining nutrients by absorbing them from the environment D. obtaining nutrients by ingesting other organisms

C. obtaining nutrients by absorbing them from the environment.

Membrane-enclosed components of cells that carry out specialized functions are... A. organs B. molecules C. organelles D. tissues

C. organelles

The chemicals on the left are __________, the arrow shows the __________, and the chemical on the right is the __________. (see the picture listed) A. products, reaction, reactant B. reactants, progress, product C. reactants, reactions, product D. products, reaction, reactant E. None of these choices are correct

C. reactants, reaction, product

What do elements with atomic numbers 6, 14, and 22 have in common? (Remember - atomic numbers tell you the number of protons in a atoms nucleus) A. same number or electrons B. same atomic mass C. same valence and will form the same number of covalent bonds D. none of the above E. all of the above.

C. same valence and will form the same number of covalent bonds

All of the living things on Earth along with all of the places where life exists is known as... A. an ecosystem B. a biological community C. the biosphere D. a population

C. the biosphere

How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polysaccharide that is 10 monomers long? A. 11 B. 10 C. 12 D. 9

D. 9

Which of the following is an example of "unity in diversity?" A. the structure of DNA is the same in all organisms B. all organisms, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes, use essentially the same genetic code. C. the forelimbs of all mammals that the same basic structure, modified for different environments. D. all of the above are correct.

D. all of the above are correct

Living things are divided into three different domains. Which of these domains are classified as prokaryotes? A. eukarya and monera B. bacteria and protista C. bacteria and archaea D. bacteria and archaea E. archaea and monera

D. bacteria and archaea

What is a common chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers? A. decreasing pH B. the formation of disulfide bridges between monomers C. hydrolysis reactions D. dehydration recations

D. dehydration reactions

Darwin's finches, collected from the Galapagos Islands, illustrate which of the following? A. ancestors from different regions. B. the accuracy of the fossil record. C. mutation freuency D. descent with modification

D. descent with modification

If you see radioactive isotopes in a laboratory that deals with biological samples, what would you be sure is not the reason for their presence. A. medical imaging B. tracing movements in cells C. dating fossils D. disinfecting wounds E. B and C

D. disinfecting wounds

The entire set of genetic information in a cell or an organism is referred as a... A. chromosome B. chromatin C. gene D. genome E. nucleus

D. genome

Which of the following was Charles Darwin's most significant original contribution to understanding both the unity and diversity of life? A. he observed that individuals in a population generally displayed variation for a number of traits. B. he explained the relationship between genes and evolution. C. he suggested that survival depends upon competition. D. he proposed a mechanism to explain the process of evolution. E. he documented examples of organisms that had evolved overtime.

D. he proposed a mechanism to explain the process of evolution.

Charles Darwin proposed that "descent with modification" resulted when organisms of a particular species become adapted to their environment because they possess... A. heritable traits that enhance their survival and decrease their reproductive success in the local environment. B. non-heritable traits that enhance survival and decrease their reproductive success in the local environment. C. non-heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment. D. heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environments

D. heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environments

Water has special properties, including high cohesion, high surface tension, and the ability to absorb large amounts of heat. Which kind of bond between water molecules gives water these special properties? A. strong ionic bonds B. non-polar covalent bonds C. polar covalent bonds D. hydrogen bonds E. weak ionic bonds

D. hydrogen bonds

Which of the following correctly describes the forms by which energy flows though an ecosystem from entry to exit? A. light → heat → chemical B. heat → chemical → heat C. chemical → heat → light D. light → chemical → heat

D. light → chemical → heat

If you were a fish in Minnesota, for which property of water would you be most grateful for? A. specific heat B. heat of vaporization C. adhesion D. low density when frozen E. odorlessness

D. low density when frozen

Two atoms that have the same mass number must have the same... A. atomic number B. chemical properties C. protons D. number of protons and neutrons E. number of electrons

D. number of protons and neutrons.

A covalent bond is likely to be polar when... A. the two atoms sharing electrons are the same element B. the two atoms sharing electrons are equally electronegative C. the two atoms sharing electrons are different elements D. one of the atoms sharing electrons is much more electronegative than the other atom E. oxygen is one of the two atoms sharing electrons.

D. one of the atoms sharing electrons is much more electronegative than the other atom.

Competition is central to the theory of natural selection. Why does this competition occur? A. males must defend their territories B. females must choose among possible mates C. organisms are naturally antagonistic D. organisms typically produce too many offspring and resources are limited. E. all of the above are correct

D. organisms typically produce too many offspring and resources are limited.

In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by... A. non-polar covalent bonds B. hydrogen bonds C. van der Walls interactions D. polar covalent bonds E. ionic bonds

D. polar covalent bonds

When a carbon forms single covalent bonds with four other atoms, the atoms joined to the carbon form a... A. line B. sphere C. cube D. tetrahedron E. plane

D. tetrahedron

Strong evidence in support of the common ancestry of all life comes from... A. the fact that decomposers include both bacteria and fungi. B. the ability of plants to convert light energy to chemical energy. C. the universal use of protein catalysts by all cells. D. the existence of nearly universal genetic code.

D. the existence of nearly universal genetic code.

Florine has an atomic number of 9 and a mass number of 19. How many electrons are needed to complete the valence shell of a fluorine atom? A. 3 B. 7 C. 0 D. 9 E. 1

E. 1

Temperatures depend on local geographic conditions. Why is the temperature much cooler in Los Angeles than in San Bernadino? (Look at picture provided) A. the ocean water buffers temperatures by cooling winds moving inland. B. the high specific heat of water helps keep ocean water cooler than land. C. Los Angeles is closer to the ocean than San Bernadino. D. A and B E. A, B, and C

E. A, B, and C

A DNA molecule is made up of deoxyribose sugar, phosphate (a functional group), and... A. adenine B. cytosine C. guanine D. thymine E. all of these

E. All of these

Based on the periodic table shown, which elements will most likely form a covalent bond? (Remember - covalent bonds are weak bonds) A. Na and Cl B. C and O C. N and O D. Si and Cl E. H and H

E. H and H

The gecko can climb smooth walls due to one type of bond or interaction, while a spider can walk due to a different kind. Identify each type of bond. A. polar covalent, Van der Waals B. non-polar covalent, polar covalent C. strong ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds D. weak ionic bonds, polar covalent E. Van der Waals, hydrogen bonds

E. Van der Waals, hydrogen bonds

Which of the following types of cells lack a nucleus? A. protists B. animal C. plant D. fungi E. archaea

E. archaea

You are asked whether a sample came from a living thing. Chemical analysis shows it mostly consists of calcium and sulfur, so you would say that... A. it did, since living things contain calcium and sulfur. B. it did not, since living things contain calcium, but not sulfur. C. it did, since living things usually contain mostly phosphorus. D. it did not, since sulfur is toxic. E. it did not, since living things contain more carbon and oxygen than most other elements.

E. it did not, since living things contain more carbon and oxygen than most other elements.

Which of the following is true of a scientific theory? A. it must demonstrate the effect of one variable by testing control groups and experimental groups. B. it is a method or device that applies scientific knowledge for some specific purpose C. it is formulated by many scientists over drinks at a convention D. it is only accepted after the person who formulated it has died. E. it generates testable hypotheses, is supported by a large body of evidence, and its broad in scope.

E. it generates testable hypotheses, is supported by a large body of evidence, and is broad in scope

The idea that form and function are related is not exemplified by which of the following examples? A. cells in the intestinal lining of vertebrates have many small projections that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients. B. plants that live in dry areas have large roots for absorbing water. C. seeds that are dispersed by wind are very light. D. fish that swim rapidly have bodies that are streamlined. E. none of the above.

E. none of the above

Which of the following is a compound? A. gold B. nitrogen C. carbon D. phosphorus E. none of the above

E. none of the above

If the cytoplasm of a cell is at pH 7, and the mitochondrial matrix is at pH 8, this means that... A. the concentration of the H+ ions in the cytoplasm is 8/7 the concentration in the mitochondrial matrix. B. the concentration of H+ ions is 10x higher in the mitochondrial matrix than in the cytoplasm. C. the mitochondrial matrix is more acidic than the cytoplasm. D. the concentration of H+ ions in the cytoplasm is 7/8 the concentration in the mitochondrial matrix. E. the concentration of H+ ions is 10x higher in the cytoplasm than in the mitochondrial matrix.

E. the concentration of H+ ions in the cytoplasm is 10x higher in the cytoplasm than in the mitochondrial matrix.

The chemical behavior of an atom primarily depends on which of the following? A. the number of neutrons in the nucleus B. the total number of electrons contained by the atom C. the number of protons in the nucleus D. the number of electron shells contained by the atom. E. the number of electrons in the valence shell

E. the number of electrons in the valence shell.

If a product is more acidic, what ions are used to label pH?

H+ ions