Chapters 18 & 27 Learning Objectives

List and describe the five types of regulated dental waste.

1. Liquid or semiliquid blood or other potentially infectious material. Example in dentistry: Liquid blood or saliva 2. Contaminated items that would release blood or OPIM in a liquid or semi liquid state if compressed. Example: 2 × 2s or cotton rolls saturated with blood or saliva 3. Items that are caked with dried blood or OPIM that are capable of releasing these materials during handling. Example: 2 × 2s or cotton rolls saturated with blood or saliva 4. Contaminated sharps. Example: Used needles, scalpel blades, orthodontic wire, broken sharp instruments, burs. 5. Pathological or microbiological wastes containing blood or OPIM. Example: Biopsy specimens, excised tissue, extracted teeth not returned to the patient

List the nine stages or steps in the Written Hazard Communication Program

1. Provide copies of the HCS to each employee. 2. Determine who is responsible for implementing the WHCP. 3. List all chemicals used or produced in the workplace. 4. Describe the methods to be used to inform employees of the hazards of nonroutine tasks. 5. Describe methods used to inform contract employees of the hazardous chemicals to which they could be exposed. 6. Describe methods used to label containers. 7. Collect and maintain SDSs. 8. Describe employee information transmission and training. 9. Use of chemicals that involve trade secrets.

State how OSHA monitors to improve safety conditions in the workplace.

1. Through engineering controls and work practice controls. 2. OSHA also began to describe the required performance standards expected from various pieces of work equipment (e.g., ladders, pipes, and electric service). Then, OSHA applied Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards for maximum workplace ex 3. OSHA generated standards for the development, use, and review of personal protective equipment (PPE) and devices (see Table 27.1). In dental offices, examples of PPE include gloves, masks, respirators, glasses, and uniforms for employees exposure to chemicals such as gases and volatile chemicals, radioactivity, and even heat and sound.

Safety data sheets have ______ sections.

16

A chemical hygiene plan begins with which component?

A list of basic rules and procedures.

Identify the federal agencies that regulate dental waste in the office.

CDC

Identify who is responsible for obtaining and developing the SDS for each product containing hazardous chemicals.

Chemical manufacurers

What should be done to a full sharps container before moving it?

Close the top

Which waste product is classified as regulated medical waste?

Contaminated sharps

Which type of waste can best be described as items that have had contact with blood or other body fluids and secretions such as saliva?

Contaminated wastes

The act of regulating waste does NOT include waste Storage Creation Disposal Handling

Creation

The two basic types of dental waste are

Disposable and non disposable wastes.

Identify the agencies that regulate the transportation and disposal of waste.

EPA

Identify who is responsible for training employees with information on all hazardous chemicals present in the workplace.

Employers must develop, implement, and maintain at the workplace a written comprehensive hazard communication program that includes provisions for container labeling, collection, availability of SDSs, and an employee training program.

Define SDS and define the components.

Formerly known as Material Safety Data Sheets now have a specified 16-section format

Extracted teeth with amalgam restorations should be disinfected with

Glutaraldehyde.

State the five components of employee hazard communication standard training.

How the HCS is implemented in the workplace. Employees must be trained in the reading and interpretation of labels and SDSs and how they can obtain and use the available hazard information. 2. Physical and health hazards present. Employees are to be trained about the physical and health hazards associated with hazardous chemicals. The use of SDSs, container labels, and other forms of warning signs reinforce this process. 3. Personal protective devices. Employees must be informed of and provided with all the PPE needed to protect them while using hazardous chemicals. 4. Site-specific information. The employer must convey details of the clinic/office WHCP, including an explanation of the labeling system and the SDS collection, to the employees and must inform employees as to how they can obtain and use appropriate hazard information. Protection includes physical pieces of equipment and specific posted procedures such as appropriate engineering controls, work practice changes, and emergency procedures. 5. Methods and observations. This part of training involves knowledge of the appearance and smell of hazardous chemicals, which helps employees limit exposures to chemicals. This section also assumes that the clinic/office has designed and practiced an emergency plan.

Describe the requirements for listing and inventory of hazardous chemicals

Inventory: Each facility is required to inventory holdings of any hazardous chemicals. Inventories of chemicals can be organized in several ways. Some clinics/offices prefer to use an alphabetic listing; others use a numeric listing in which a chemical is given the next available number. Another method is to organize the chemicals by hazard category. Such divisions usually include the categories "corrosive," "flammable," "reactive," and "toxic." No matter which listing process one uses, it must be understood and used properly by employees. Listing requirements: All listed chemicals must be cross-referenced to their own SDSs. Lists are also important in the generation of informative signs and warnings and should be used for employee training. The list can include scientific and common chemical names and even associated hazards. the preparation date (and updates) of the list should be noted prominently. The clinic/office HazCom coordinator should generate and maintain the list. If all purchases and disposals are handled by this individual, there will be little chance that a hazardous chemical will be present but not listed.

Identify the goal of a hazard communication program

Is to be sure employers and employees know about work hazards and how to protect themselves; this knowledge should help reduce the incidence of chemical source illness and injuries.

You have just removed two small bags used to cover the light handles of your unit. In most cases, you should:

Place them into the regular trash

Which is the first step in producing a written hazard communication program?

Provide copies of the HazCom Standard to each employee.

Infectious waste is also called:

Regulated medical waste

Describe and differentiate the two basic types of waste generated in the dental office.

Regulated medical waste: Infectious medical waste that requires special handling, neutralization, and disposal Non-regulated medical waste: Medical waste that is not shown to have a disease-producing potential and that can be disposed of along with nonmedical waste.

Teeth are discarded as

Regulated pathologic waste

Which sterilization method is preferred to neutralize pathologic waste?

Steam autoclaving

Identify the time requirements for HCS training and updates on hazardous chemicals used in the office.

The employer must provide information and training at the time of an employee's initial assignment (no matter how experienced or trained the employee may be) or whenever a new hazard is introduced into the work area. To maintain proper clinic/office awareness of hazardous chemicals, annual training sessions are expected. Training is required at the time of hiring, when a new hazard is introduced, and annually for all continuing employees. Training has five major components.

Each dental office should retain __ copies of every Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

Two

State the minimal acceptable label requirements for chemicals.

a label that includes a harmonized signal word, pictogram, and hazard statement for each hazard class and category. Precautionary statements must also be provided.

Infectious waste is __ percentage of all medical waste.

a small

According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the most effective way to solve a problem is:

a work practice control

Which solution is the best way to resolve a chemical hazard issues? a. Remove or change the chemical. b. Designate a specific area to the use of the chemical. c. Release the complainant employee from employment. d. Require each employee to sign a medical release form.

a. Remove or change the chemical.

Chemical-resistant gloves are an example of:

an engineering control

Which of the following should not be considered an example of regulated medical/dental waste according to OSHA? a. An extracted tooth A used latex examination glove Liquid blood A used anesthetic needle A used bur

b. A used latex examination glove

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) encourage

developing a written medical waste management program.

Syringes should be __ in the sharps container.

dropped horizontally

The four major changes in the 2012 update of the Hazard Communication Standard involved Hazard Classification, Safety Data Sheets, Information and Training, and:

labels

Who determines the hazards of a chemical?

manufacturer

When transferring a chemical into an unmarked container, the container should be labeled with the product identifier, the hazard warning and the

name and address of the chemical manufacturer.

Turning the fume hood on before working with a glutaraldehyde solution is an example of altering

work practice controls