Chapters 19-21 Quiz

Treaty of Paris

1)Independence for Cuba 2)Ceded Puerto Rico and Guam to the U.S. 3)Ceded Philipines to the U.S. for $20 million (Which was later given independence)

Strong's Argument for "Anglo-Saxon Civilization"

He thought the Anglo-Saxon (Western Europe) civilization was superior to all others because it was born on the ideas of Christianity and civil liberty (racism and Social Darwinism).

Schurz's Argument for Peace

He thought we should be the great peace power of the world. We should influence mankind with a good example and wise counsel.

Lodge's Argument for Expansion

He was a racist believed in "survival of the fittest" and Social Darwinism. He thought small states have no future great nations are rapidly absorbing for their future expansion.

Yellow Journalism

In short, it is exagerated, ill-informed, and untrue writing. See paper for more details.

Insurrection

Insurrection is a violent uprising against an authority or government. The boxers killed hundreds of foreigners, from China to expel the "foreign devils". The U.S., Japan, and European powers worked together to crush the uprising. The Boxers were originally called the Righteous and Harmonious Fists.

Open Door Policy

It called on foreign nations to allow free trade in China. The U.S. wanted to maintain its own access to Chinese markets.

Monroe Doctrine

It declared the Americas off limits to European colonization and interference. Non-colonization and non-interference were the two main policies. Europeans stay out of Americas.

Protectorate

It is a nation protected and controlled by a more powerful country. American Samoa, Guam, and Puerto Rico are all U.S. protectorates.

The Panama Canal

It is located in the middle of Panama, which is in between Costa Rica and Colombia. It was built to take trips from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean a lot shorter. The U.S. sent a revolt of warships when Colombia declined the land lease in Panama for the canal. The U.S. won and Panama became independent.

Diplomacy

It is the art of making negotiations with other countries. Presidents and Secretaries of State use this. It can lead to agreements and treaties.

Secretary of State

It is the highest ranking member of the cabinet, the current secretary of state is Rex W. Tillerson.

Spanish-American War

It lasted only a few months (10 Weeks). The U.S. won. It was described as a splendid little war.

What did the victory in the Spanish-American War do for the U.S?

It let the rest of the world know that the U.S. is powerful and strong.

de Lome Letter

It was a letter sent from the Spanish ruler to a friend in Cuba but it was stolen and sent to a publisher. In the letter, de Lome called McKinley "weak and catering to the rabble and, besides, a low politician." This intensified anti-Spanish feelings in the U.S.

Interest in Hawaii

It was an important stop for ships, and it was centered on the export of tropical crops. 1959 it became a state.

National Interests

Political, economic, military, and cultural=advance american ideals.

Mexican War

Polk provoked a war over land and where the border of Texas and Mexico. The United States gained control of Northern Mexico (Califonia, New Mexico, more of Texas).

Platt Amendment

Provisions added to Cuba's constitution to protect American Interests. It allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cuban affairs and buy or lease land for naval bases.

Roosevelt Corollary

Roosevelt's statement that an "international power" to preserve peace would help protect weak nations and was a direct extension of the Monroe Doctrine.

Mass Media

Spreading news to a mass audience. This includes newspapers and magazines. Current mass media: Internet

Annexation

Taking control of a territory and adding it to a country. It was annexed because Congress saw its importance as a port of navy.

Puerto Rico

The U.S. acquired it after the Spanish-American War. They instituted a military government, built school, a postal service, built roads and improved sanitation. They established a civilian government. It is a commonwealth.

Investments in Cuba

The U.S. made investments in Cuba's sugar plantations. Hotels, resorts, and oil were also invested in.

Foreign Policy

The goals and regulations a country follows to achieve good relationships with other countries.

Imperialism

The practice of gaining power within a group for the purpose of reputation or self-power. To acquire land from othher countries by money or force.

U.S.S Maine

They claimed the Spanish purposefully placed a bomb to blow up the boat. They later concluded heat from a fire in a coal bin exploded nearby.

Texas Revolution

They fought Santa Anna and his army because he threw Stephen Austion in jail and they forced too many requiremnets on the Texans to keep their colony. Texas was a spanish colony>Independent country for 9 years

Rough Riders

They were the first U.S. Volunteer Cavalry. They fought voluntarily in wars.

Big Stick Policy

Work quietly and patiently. Stay out of fights, but if you are in one, be ready.

How did Yellow Journalism stir support for Cuba?

Yellow Journalism over-exaggerated the truth about the bravery of Cuban rebels and the horrors of the Spanish rule. "If it bleeds, it leads."

Self-determination

Determining their own government, free from outside influence.

Dollar Diplomacy

Encourage and protect American trade and investment. Good relations with other countries requires good trade.

Sphere of Influence

Foreign policy is the guidelines countries use with relations with other countries. Spheres of influence were the areas in which a single nation controlled trading rights. Foreign Policy involves international trade.

U.S. Naval Base in Cuba

Guantanamo Bay, Cuba

Mahan's Argument for U.S. Naval Power

He argued that sea power was key to national greatness. Lots of boats. He was a little imperialistic.

Washington's Farewell Address

He said to avoid alliance and stay neutral.

Armistice

A cessation of hostilities, until a permanent peace could be discussed. President McKinley hoped to avoid conflict.

Resolution

A formal statement about a course of action. McKinley used one under great public pressure to fight Spain.

Anti-Imperialist League

An organization formed during the war to oppose the establishment of U.S. colonies. They believed in not created an empire. Samuel Gompers, Andrew Carnegie, Jane Addams, and Mark Twain all joined.

Moral Diplomacy

Approach based on democratic ideals, rather than force or economic investment.

Realism

Based on the belief that relations with other countries should be guided by the nation's self-interest. Foreign Policy should pursue practical objectives that benefit the American people. Ex. national security, increased foreign trade, etc.

Idealism

Based on the belief that values and ideals should influence how countries relate. Foreign Policy should be used to promote America's founding ideals (democracy, liberty, and rights) for everyone.

Joseph Pulitzer and Randolph Hearst

Joseph Pulitzer was the publisher of the "World". Randolph Hearst was the publisher of the "Journal". They faced off in a battle to dominate the city's newspaper market. They caussed a real-war (by using yellow journalism), the Spanish-American war.

Expansion through Diplomacy

Louisiana: aquired from the French Florida: acquired from Spain Oregon: acquired from Great Britain Alaska: acquired from Russia *best trade with 7.2 million and found gold and oil*

Philippines

McKinley believed that the Filipinos were not ready for self-government. He said he wanted to "uplift and Christianize". He also wanted to stay close to China for the free market.

Neutrality

Not choosing between sides during a war. Staying neutral.

Unilateralism

Not seeking military or political alliances. Uni means one or to go alone.