Chapters 5-7 (week 2)

Jean Piaget called the stage-five toddler who experiments without anticipating the results a(n):

"little scientist".

Sally's weight has tripled since she was born. This gain is typical of a child who is:

1 year old.

Pointing is one of the earliest gestures, emerging at about _____ months of age.

10

How many hours does the average newborn sleep per day?

15 to 17

Sarah weighed 7 pounds at birth and now weighs 28 pounds. She is MOST likely ______ years old.

2

The textbook suggests that the field of developmental neuroscience has expanded greatly over approximately the last _____ years (Guyer, et al. 2018, p. 687).

20

Just today, Baby Laurel produced her first two-word sentence. Her "BFF" at the child-care center now produces sentences longer than two words in about half of her utterances. Laurel is MOST likely _____ of age, whereas her BFF is probably _____ months of age.

21; 24

Roan has begun using two-word sentences, such as "Mommy food," when he talks to his parents. Raul is about _____ months old.

22

Baby Andre sleeps 13-1/4 hours per day. Based on information provided in the textbook, Andre is probably _____ months old.

4

Enid smiles as she touches the rattle hanging above her while she lies on her back, but her efforts to grab the rattle fail. Enid is probably about _____ months old.

4

Suja has a 3-year-old daughter with a vast vocabulary and the ability to converse in elaborate sentences. _____'s view of language development would suggest that Suja taught her daughter language throughout her infancy.

B. F. Skinner

_____ believe that parents who give reinforcement will stimulate their child's communication skills.

Behaviorists

Danny is an infant who is abused by his parents. He is MORE likely to display type _____ attachment than if he were NOT abused.

C or D

At his first birthday party, Jack is frightened by the unexpected sound of a balloon deflating and flying across the room. After his father reassures Jack and demonstrates to him the balloon deflating a number of times, what is Jack's MOST likely reaction?

Jack might enjoy playing with the balloon.

The prevalence of co-sleeping exceeds 50 percent in:

Japan

Home care is universal for 6-month-olds in:

Norway

Baby June is 14 months old. Like 90 percent of her peers, she can:

stand alone

Randy's lab partner observes him chewing on a pencil and insists that he has an oral fixation. Randy also tends to talk a great deal, chew his nails, and smoke cigarettes. Considering Freud's oral and anal stages of development, one might conclude that:

Randy experienced a frustration in the first year of life.

The outer layers of the brain are called:

The cortex

A deaf baby is making his or her first signs. A hearing baby is producing his or her first understandable words. Which statement is MOST likely true given the average ages in the textbook's At About This Time feature in its discussion of the universal sequence of language development?

The deaf baby is about a month younger than the hearing baby.

Praveen's friend has a very bad temper and often displays his anger around his 2-year-old son. From what Praveen has learned about social learning, what is the MOST likely development that he can expect to see in the behavior of his friend's son?

The son may also develop a hot temper if he sees his father's behavior as appropriate.

According to the text, temperament involves:

a genetic predisposition regarding emotions, activity, and self-regulation.

At 15 months of age, Raul uses the word wawa to mean "I want some water." This is an example of:

a holophrase.

Fathers spend less time with infants than mothers do in _____ cultures.

all

Juanita and Jessie are a very busy professional couple. After the birth of their second child, the grandparents on both sides of the family have provided help caring for the children. Because it is NOT provided by the biological parents, the child care provided by the grandparents is called _____.

allocare

Brien has a friend who is a mother. Knowing that Brien is taking a psychology course, she asks him what she can expect during the toddler years of her child's development. Using his understanding of Erikson's stages of development, Brien explains to her that her child will pass through a stage called _____ versus shame and doubt as she undergoes potty training.

autonomy

Erikson's trust versus mistrust crisis is to Freud's oral stage as Erikson's _______ crisis is to Freud's anal stage.

autonomy versus shame and doubt

Leroy has a friend who is suspicious, pessimistic, and easily ashamed. He knows that self-awareness emerges at 18 months and that without some independence, a child may feel ashamed and doubtful. Such problems in early infancy can last a lifetime. Leroy believes that his friend's problems may have originated in the early developmental crisis that Erikson named:

autonomy versus shame and doubt.

Four-month-old Shayna is starting to say things like "goo-goo-goo" and "da-da-da-da." Shayna's utterances BEST exemplify:

babble

Ian is 7 months old. If he is a typical baby, his parents can expect him to be able to:

babble.

Linda has a daughter named Allison who is 2 years old. Every time Allison takes a toy from her baby brother, he cries. Linda punishes Allison by putting her in a time-out chair each time she does this. Although she may not realize it, Linda is using a behavior modification technique that is based on the theories of the _____ school.

behavioral

The hopeful message of _____ theory is that people can rethink and reorganize their thoughts to develop new working models.

cognitive

About 20 percent of all infants have bouts of uncontrollable crying, called _____, which is probably the result of immature digestion.

colic

Which is an experience-expectant event?

communication

Eight-year-old Micah has a personality trait of dishonesty that is bothering his parents; his mother brings him in for therapy and describes his temperament as aggressive, unhappy, and impulsive. Of all these traits, the one that could be considered primarily learned would be:

dishonesty

Baby Zoe self-soothes easily, whereas baby Liv has trouble reigning in her emotions. These infants differ with respect to the _____ dimension of temperament.

effortful control

Following a stroke, Janine appears face-blind—she cannot recognize the faces of people she knows. The stroke may have damaged Janine's _____ face area.

fusiform

Infants respond to human faces because the _____ area is active at a young age.

fusiform face

In French, adjectives follow the nouns they modify rather than precede them as they do in English. This is an aspect of the _____ of French.

grammer

The textbook discusses the influence of caregiver responsiveness on reactive infants. With respect to the dimensions of temperament discussed in the text, an infant who is reactive is MOST likely:

high in negative emotion.

A single word that is used to express a complete, meaningful thought is called:

holophrase

When explaining cognitive development to her class, Dr. Lapadot refers to memory as being stored in networks and compares memory to how computers analyze and store data. She explains how the network changes from day to day with experience in developing infants and toddlers. Dr. Lapadot's explanation BEST exemplifies the _____ perspective.

information-processing

Professor Norman frequently uses examples of how computers analyze data to help the class understand how human memory works. Professor Norman evidently is an advocate of:

information-processing theory.

Jakob, a toddler, and his mother have a pattern of attachment in which anxiety and uncertainty are evident: He becomes very upset at separation from her and both resists and seeks contact when he is reunited with her. Jakob would be characterized as having _____ attachment.

insecure-resistant/ambivalent, or type C

Perception is the mental processing of sensory information when the brain _____ a sensation.

interprets

Julie swaddles her baby when the baby is distressed. Julie:

is doing the right thing; a baby's sense of touch is acute and swaddling makes the baby feel secure.

Vaccines protect children from serious complications resulting from illness, including:

meningitis

The text suggests that immunization rate is ______ correlated with infant mortality rate.

negatively

Isaiah is 7 months old. His sister takes a toy and hides it behind her back. Isaiah cries and does not look for the toy. It is likely that he has not yet acquired:

object permanence

Baby Mimi begins crawling sooner than 67 of every 100 babies her age. Mimi's position relative to her peers with respect to this milestone is MOST likely expressed as a:

percentile

Zack can run a 100-yard dash faster than 82 of every 100 of his same-grade peers. Zack's position relative to his peers with respect to this ability is MOST likely expressed as a:

percentile

Blake's photoreceptors detect light and dark stimuli. Cortical processing then allows him to recognize the words in his psychology textbook. As he reads, Blake relates the information to his own experiences. Blake's recognition of the words illustrates:

perception

Receptors that are highly sensitive to sweetness are active on Malia's tongue. Bitterness receptors are also active, but to a lesser extent. Malia recognizes the taste of cola and considers her resolution to reduce her soda consumption. Malia's recognition of the drink's taste is called:

perception

Jeremy is trying to save money for college. He saves half of the money he earns from his part-time job. He has set a goal to save enough money to pay for his dorm fees for his first year. These behaviors demonstrate that Jeremy's _____ cortex has matured.

prefrontal

Throughout the second year and beyond, _____, which require social awareness and emerge from family interactions, appear.

pride, shame, embarrassment, disgust, and guilt

A stroke damages Ike's fusiform face area, leaving him unable to recognize the faces of the people he knows. Ike suffers from:

prosopagnosia

In many developing nations, it can often be difficult for children to receive the sustenance they require. This persistent difficulty can lead to:

protein-calorie malnutrition.

In 2017, the rate of mortality among young children was just under one-_____ of the rate in 1950.

quarter

Cries, movements, and facial expressions are examples of:

reflexive communication.

The process of _____ occurs when one's eyes, ears, skin, tongue, or nose detects a stimulus.

sensation

Uri has personality traits that could be described as honest, hardworking, and humble; his wife has described his chief temperamental trait to be shyness. Of all these traits, the one that could be considered primarily genetic would be:

shyness

When an infant looks to another person for information about how to react, the infant is engaging in:

social referencing.

Baby Roland is visiting his teen cousin in a distant city for the first time. Roland's cousin is slightly disappointed when Roland seems frightened of her at first. Roland is demonstrating ______; his cousin should view Roland's behavior _____.

stranger wariness; positively

Michael and Diane, who celebrated their wedding anniversary with a bottle of champagne and some vodka shots, will be sharing their bed with their 2-month-old daughter. Doctors fear this situation could put the infant in danger of:

sudden infant death syndrome.

Dr. Nguyen is analyzing the duration, tone, and loudness of infants' cries immediately after they receive their first inoculation. Dr. Nguyen is MOST likely engaged in a study of:

temperament

Indi and Chayenne are infants receiving their first shots. Indi's cry is shorter and not as loud as Chayenne's. These differences in the babies' cries are MOST likely to indicate differences in:

temperament

Primary circular reactions involve:

the infant's own body

When explaining cognitive development to her class, Dr. Calderon refers to memory as being stored in networks and compares memory to how computers analyze and store data. She explains how the network changes from day to day with experience in developing infants and toddlers. Dr. Calderon's explanation BEST exemplifies:

the information-processing perspective.

A mother and her infant are at a table in the food court in the mall. The mother is eating and is engrossed in reading a magazine. Her child is frowning, kicking, and fussing, as if to say, "Pay attention to me!" If these types of interactions continue throughout the infant's first year of life, researchers have concluded that:

the mother's unresponsiveness to her infant's needs can have adverse effects on the child.

A sudden increase in an infant's vocabulary, especially nouns, is called:

the naming explosion.

Erikson's first stage of psychosocial development is known as _____.

trust vs. mistrust

With respect to Piaget's stages of sensorimotor intelligence, acquired adaptation is to reflex as stage _____ is to stage _____.

two; one