Chapters 5 and 6 Human Nutrition

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are glucose, galactose, and mannose. fructose, lactose, and hexose monophosphate. galactose, glucose, and fructose. maltose, ribose, and galactose.

galactose, glucose, and fructose.

Raffinose is an example of a/an oligosaccharide. disaccharide. ketone body. monosaccharide.

oligosaccharide

Chase is a 22-year-old college student. According to recommendations of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), fat should comprise ________% of his total energy intake each day. 5 to 10 10 to 20 20 to 35 35 to 45

20 to 35

Lecithin is a type of ________. sterol triglyceride phospholipid fatty acid

phospholipid

________ acid is an omega-3 fatty acid. Stearic Eicosapentaenoic Linoleic Lauric

Eicosapentaenoic

Maggie was a subject in a clinical study that was designed to determine the effects of certain diets on health. While participating in the study, she was given a synthetic formula diet that provided vitamins, minerals, egg protein, purified water, and potato starch. Within a few weeks, Maggie's hair began to fall out and she developed patches of scaly skin on her arms and legs. Which of the following substances should be added to her formula to treat her nutritional deficiency? Bile salts Glucose polymers Essential fatty acids Cholesterol esters

Essential fatty acids

Lactose is the disaccharide in liver milk sughar grapes

milk

The liver uses cholesterol to make ________. vitamin A bile water fatty acids

bile

Which of the following sweeteners provides 4 kcal/g? Sucralose Stevia Saccharin Sucrose

Sucrose

You are working with a client who was recently diagnosed with pre-diabetes,. Which type of fiber would you recommend to your client due to its role in slowing glucose absorption and helping with blood glucose control? Insoluble fiber Soluble fiber Non-digestible fiber Glycogen

Soluble fiber

What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber? Soluble fiber is inanimal foods, whereas insoluble fiber is in plant foods. Soluble fiberdissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not changein water. Soluble fiberprovides no health benefits to humans, whereas insoluble fiber reduces the riskof heart disease. Soluble fiber canbe digested by humans, whereas insoluble fiber cannot be digested.

Soluble fiberdissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not changein water.

Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrates. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more ________ than normal. ketone bodies glycogenstores muscle fibers vitamin C

ketone bodies

Owen usually consumes about 3000 kcal/day. On average, his fat intake is approximately 80 g/day. Based on this information, which of the following statements describes Owen's diet? Owen's fat intake meets the RDA for lipids. Owen's fat intake is too high. Owen's fat intake is within the AMDR. Owen's fat intake is not high enough to support good health.

Owen's fat intake is within the AMDR.

The sweetener found in Equal is saccharin. aspartame. neotame. sucralose.

aspartame

The enzyme ________ is necessary for digesting the disaccharide that contains one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. maltase sucrase lactase amylase

sucrase

Which of the following statements is true? A saturated fathas atriple bond between two carbons in the hydrocarbon chain A polyunsaturated fatty acid has two or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbonchain The omega end of a fatty acid molecule contains the acid group Fatty acids contain nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon

A polyunsaturated fatty acid has two or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbonchain

Nolan would like to add more dietary fiber to his diet. Which of the following do you recommend? All of the choices are correct Select a bran cereal for breakfast Use whole-wheat pasta Add wheat germ to pancake batter when making pancakes Snack on fresh fruit

All of the choices are correct

Mateo was recently diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Which of the following lifestyle modifications would you cecommend to Mateo to help with management of the metabolic syndrome? Reduce intake of saturated fat Reduce intake of simple sugars Exercise regularly All of these choices are correct

All of these choices are correct

Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid? Oleic acid Stearic acid Palmitic acid Alpha-linolenic acid

Alpha-linolenic acid

Because of the high glycemic index (Gl), which of the following foods should be avoided or consumed in moderation by a person with diabetes? Baked potato Whole grain spaghetti Apple Edamame (sweet green soybeans)

Baked potato

According to scientific evidence, which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus? Smoking less than 2 packs of cigarettes/week Drinking 2 servings of alcohol daily Exercising daily Taking vitamin C supplements

Exercising Daily

Compared to the other lipoproteins, which lipoprotein carries the most triglycerides in the bloodstream? Chylomicron Very-low-density lipoprotein Low-density lipoprotein High-density lipoprotein

Chylomicron

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids? Raw carrots Whole milk Corn oil Ground beef

Corn oil

Which of the following statements is true? People who haveexcess body fat are more likely to develop type 1 diabetes than type 2diabetes. To remainhealthy, your fasting blood glucose level should always be at least 140mg/dl. A healthy person'shemoglobin A1c level is greater than 7.5%. Excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes.

Excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes.

Strawberries are naturally a source of which monosaccharide? Fructose Sucrose Galactose Starch

Fructose

Starch is composed of amylose and amylopectin. is found in both plant and animal food sources. is more branched than glycogen. cannot be digested by human enzymes

is composed of amylose and amylopectin.

Ariana is a 30-year-old female. Based on the Adequate Intake for fiber, Ariana should consume _______ grams of fiber daily. 25 12 38 20

25

Bill recorded his food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze his diet record. According to the results of the analysis, his average fat intake was ________% of total calories each day, which is within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range. 5 10 15 25

25

Which of the following is a simple carbohydrate? Starch Lignin Fructose Glycogen

Fructose

Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes _____ to maintain his blood glucose le vel within normal limits. Insulin Aldosterone Glucagon Thyroxin

Glucagon

Which of the following characteristics or conditionsincreases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)? Normal blood cholesterol levels Female sex Low body fat Hypertension

Hypertension

________ acid is an omega-6 fatty acid. Eicosapentaenoic Alpha-linolenic Docosahexaenoic Linoleic

Linoleic

_________ contribute to the flexibility, structure, and proper functioning of cell membranes. Phospholipids Saturated fatty acids Carbohydrates Fat-soluble vitamins

Phospholipids

Carter wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, he should limit his intake of ________. whole-grain products nuts and seeds butter and beef fruit juices

butter and beef

Bile is made in the liver from _______. The bile is then stored in the _______ until needed. cholesterol; gallbladder cholesterol; duodenum lecithin; gallbladder lecithin; duodenum

cholesterol; gallbladder

If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be converted to proteins that are metabolized for energy. metabolized to form urea and excreted by the kidneys. eliminated in feces. converted into fat and stored.

converted into fat and stored

Pancreatic amylase digests starch in the small intestine. is secreted by the gallbladder. contributes to cystic fibrosis. converts glucose to energy in cells.

digests starch in the small intestine.

Alpha-linolenic acid is a precursor for _______, important for eicosanoid synthesis. docosahexaenoic acid arachadonic acid linoleic acid stearic acid

docosahexaenoic acid

Liana has elevated blood levels of LDL. To lower her LDL levels, she should _______. use more coconut oil in baking eat less red meat consume more partially-hydrogenated fats eat fewer fruits and vegetables

eat less red meat

A scientist has discovered a new molecular compound that is a long chain of 26 carbons bonded together, with a methyl group on one end and an acid group on the other end of the molecule. The compound does not contain any nitrogen or sulfur atoms. Based on this information, the compound is a(n) ________. fatty acid amino acid sterol phospholipid

fatty acid

The body uses cholesterol to make________. vitamin A steroid hormones water fatty acids

fatty acids

Max wants to restrict the added sugar intake of his 5-year-old son. He should give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks. serve more foods that are sources of refined carbohydrates. replace his son's favorite fruit juices with fruit drinks. encourage the child to consume more energy drinks.

give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks.

Nervous system cells burn mostly _______ for energy. glucose fructose lactose fiber

glucose

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as glycogen ketone bodies certain B vitamins fiber

glycogen

Julian ate a baked potato as a side with his dinner. The starch in the baked potato will begin to be digested in the mouth. in the stomach. in the small intestine. in the large intestine.

in the mouth

A scientist has isolated a chemical compound that is partially soluble in water. The chemical helps keep water-soluble substances mixed with fats. When analyzing the composition of the chemical, the scientist determined that, in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the compound contains nitrogen and phosphorus atoms. Based on this information, the compound is a(n) ________. phospholipid essential fatty acid sterol nutrino

phospholipid

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons. Most of the carbon atoms in the fatty acid chainare connected by single bonds, except there is a double bond between the number 3 and 4 carbons as well as the number 9 and 10 carbons. The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a ________ fatty acid. hydroxytransylated monounsaturated saturated polyunsaturated

polyunsaturated

In the body, certain lipids ________. are necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber stimulate the production of enzymes provide energy are used to make minerals

provide energy

High-fiber diets are associated with all of the following except reduced risk of stroke. reduced secretion of intrinsic factor. reduced risk of diabetes. reduced risk of heart disease.

reduced secretion of intrinsic factor

Each of the following foods often contains small amounts of plant sterols and/or stanols EXCEPT _______. salmon seeds nuts legumes

salmon

Cholescystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that ________. stimulates the gallbladder to release bile into the small intestine. enables glucose to enter muscle cells Increases the production of salivary amylase Decreases the excretion of sodium ions from kidneys

stimulates the gallbladder to release bile into the small intestine.

Which of the following characteristics is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)? High intakes of vitamin C Asian ancestry Increasing age Low income level

Increase age

Katie is pregnant. She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level. Based on this information, Katie is more likely to give birth to a baby that has birth defects. have a lower risk of gestational hypertension. require more vitamin D, calcium, and iron than a pregnant woman who does not have diabetes. require more glucagon than she needed before becoming pregnant.

give birth to a baby that has birth defects

Betty is constipated; she generally has bowel movements only twice a week. To help relieve her constipation without taking medications, Betty should reduce her intake of fruits and vegetables. increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber. use colon cleansing enemas daily. restrict her fluid intake.

increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber.

Paul just had a cholecystectomy. Which of the following dietary modifications should he consider? Reduce his lipid intake Increase his salt consumption Maintain a high-fat diet Increase his carbohydrate intake

Reduce his lipid intake

Which of the following foods or beverages is a main source of added sugars in American diets?Regular soft drinks Pastries Fruit juices Jams and jellies

Regular soft drinks

Compared to most unsaturated fatty acid, a trans fatty acid _______. Has at least one double bond with hydrogen atom on opposite sides of the hydrocarbon chain at the position of the double bond. Contains no double bonds has a kink in its molecular structure that keeps it from being straight Is comprised of glucose molecules

Has at least one double bond with hydrogen atom on opposite sides of the hydrocarbon chain at the position of the double bond.

Which of the following statements is true? A fatty acid is apolymer of glucose molecules. The omega end of afatty acid molecule is the acid portion of the molecule. In nature, fattyacids typically have even numbers of carbon atoms. Most fatty acidsin food are water soluble.

In nature, fattyacids typically have even numbers of carbon atoms.

Which of the following statements is true? Foods that contain cholesterol should be avoided because the substance is toxic to human cells High levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with increased risk of heart disease A diet that is high in saturated fat helps reduce high blood cholesterol levels Oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plague buildup.

Oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plague buildup.

Which of the following statements regarding C reactive protein is false? People with low CRP are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease. C reactive protein is a marker of chronic inflammation. C reactive protein is produced by the liver. Those individuals with a family history of cardiovascular disease may benefit from having their CRP levels evaluated.

People with low CRP are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease.

Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid? Polysaccharides Triglycerides Phospholipids Sterols

Poltsaccharides

Which of the following statements about resistant starches is false? Resistant starches are more fully broken down in the human GI tract than regular starches. Seeds, legumes, and unripened bananas are natural food sources of resistant starches. Food manufacturers can add resistant starches to their food products. Resistant starches act similar to dietary fiber in the GI tract.

Resistant starches are more fully broken down in the human GI tract than regular starches.

Albert is a healthy, 23-year-old college student. He would like to know more about hisrisk of cardiovascular disease, so he can take preventive measures, if they are necessary.Albert should ________. test his urinefor the presence of glucocorticoids have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample ofhis blood undergo cardiac catheterization to determine the ejection factor of his heart have a chest x-ray

have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample ofhis blood

A chylomicron is a type of ________. Lipoprotein fatty acid sterol phospolipid

lipoprotein