Chapters 7+8
What is a theoretical framework
-Broad general explanation -Shows relationships between concepts -Based on one existing theory
Conceptual framework
-Develops when no existing theory fits -Helps explain relationships between concepts -Based on more than one theory -Concepts related in logical manner -Less well-developed structure -May result in another theory
Orem's Self Care Model
-Dorothea Orem early 1950s Concepts and Constructs ◦Self Care ◦Self-Care Agency ◦Self-Care Demand ◦Self- Care Deficit ◦Nursing Agency ◦Nursing System Theory was derived from a model ◦Theory of Nursing Systems ◦Theory of Self-Care Deficit ◦Theory of Self Care
Rogers's Science of Unitary Human Beings
-Martha Rogers presented her ideas in a book in 1970 -Humans and environment are energy fields -Each human field is unique -Constant change, increasing complexity and diversity -Person is "a unified whole"
Paradigm
-Think about it as how "you view the world" philosophical worldview, or a set of beliefs about nature and reality that shape decisions and practices
Theory
-a set of concepts that describes or explains phenomena in a systematic way
grand nursing theories
-addresses a broad range of phenomena in the environment or in the experiences of humans -contains constructs that are abstract and difficult to test empirically
catalog
-alphabetical listing of books, journals, and other things -helps give you info on where to find/access sources
What is a primary source?
-an account of a research study that is written by the original investigators
Middle range theories
-have a much more narrow focus -easier to measure and test
practice theories
-have the most specific and narrow scope of application to nursing practice -produce specific nursing practice guidance for specific patient care situations
Neuman's System Model
-holistic care -person is subject to environmental stressors that are intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal -client is protected from stressors by the "defense line". when the defense lines are penetrated, the internal lines of resistance are activated to stabilize the client system
What is a construct
-words that are used to describe phenomenon that cannot be directly observed -examples: compassion, wellness, mental health
grand theories a. are complex and broad in scope b. look at a piece of reality and contain clearly defined variables c. produce specific directions or guidelines for practice d. formulate nursing protocols on specific units
A
most research articles that appear in the journal Nursing Research are examples of what? a. primary sources b. secondary sources c. meta-analysis studies d. systematic reviews
A
which statement regarding theory is false? a. it proves the relationship between variables it describes the relationship between variables c. it explains the relationship between variables d. it contains propositional statements
A a theory is never proven to be true
For a qualitative study, when is the literature review used?
A literature review is used AFTER conducting a study -this is so you can see how your findings relate to what has already been found out
For a quantitative study, when is the literature review done?
A literature review is used BEFORE conducting a study -this is done before so that you can find a theoretical or conceptual framework that will guide the study
What is a secondary source?
A summary or description of a research study written by someone other than the study investigator(s)
Which statement is true? a. due to concerns of plagiarism, a research study should never be a replication of another study. b. research is an ongoing process that builds on previous knowledge c. classic information rarely supports new research projects d. an original research study does not need a literature review
B
Which theory was developed by a nurse? a. social cognitive theory b. uncertainty in illness theory c. hierarchy of needs theory d. job satisfaction theory
B
broad representations of the relationships of concepts and propositions of interest to nursing are called a. theoretical frameworks b. conceptual models c. conceptual frameworks d. practice models
B
A philosophical worldview or a set of beliefs about nature and reality that shape decisions and practices is called a a. framework b. theory c. paradigm d. metaparadigm
C
Which statement is true about databases? a. online databases are not available to the general public b. all databases are online c. databases, catalogs, and search engines are categories of finding tools d. databases only include published articles
C
which search engine is the most helpful for finding scholarly articles? A. bing b. scirus c. google scholar d. web crawler
C
which database provides the most comprehensive research study results on a particular healthcare intervention? a. MEDLINE B. CINAHL C. CINAHL PLUS D. Cochrane Database
D
DOI
Digital object identifier -include this in the citation so you can go back and find the article easily -it is a unique number assigned to each article to provide a persistent link to its location on the internet
which questions help critique a literature review? choose all that apply. a. based on defined methodology, are all sources of the review critically analyzed and synthesized? b. are both supporting and opposing theory and research discussed c. does the review flow logically from the purposes of the study? d. are sources cited fully and correctly? e. all of the above help critique literature review
E
This is a symbolic representation of some phenomenon or phenomena
Model
What is grey literature?
Research that has not been commercially published.
Concept
The building blocks of a theory -word, picture, or mental idea of a phenomena -concepts can be abstract or concrete
What is the purpose of a literature review?
The purpose of a literature review is to: -establish a theoretical framework for your topic / subject area. -define key terms, definitions and terminology. -identify studies, models, case studies etc supporting your topic. -define / establish your area of study, ie your research topic.
metaparadigm
What a certain group of people holds to be true -core set of concepts and constructs that are interdependent and uniquely define a discipline
What nonprofit library source helps you to search many libraries simultaneously for an item and request a cop through your library's interlibrary loan or document delivery services?
WorldCat
which is not a part of building a search strategy? a. discovering whether the topic has already been researched b. writing a research question and thesis statement c. determining a set of terms and phrases to use for your search d. considering whether your topic should include date parameters
a
Abstracts
brief summaries of articles
What is the difference between primary and secondary sources? a. a primary source is a type of study that was first identified by the finding tool and the secondary sources are identified next b. primary sources are included in literature reviews but secondary sources are not important c. an article written by the research who conducted a study is a primary source and a secondary source is an article that summarizes and comments on the study d. a summary of research done on your study topic is a primary source and the original study is a secondary source
c
an example of a middle range theory is a. orem's self care deficit theory B. parse's human becoming theory c. pender's health promotion model d. roy's adaptation model
c
nursing research has used which reasoning process? a. inductive b. deductive c. both inductive and deductive d. neither inductive nor deductive
c
which of the following is not one of the common concepts that are included in nearly all of the nursing conceptual models? a. person b. environment c. death d. health
c
you are trying to help a patient stop consuming foods that are high in complex carbohydrates. which model/theory would probably be most appropriate? a. anxiety theory b. adult learning theory c. health belief model d. healthcare system model
c
What does it mean to synthesize info for a literature review?
combine the points, inferences or arguments from the different sources to provide the readers with information about existing research on your topic
Which structure serves as the impetus of the formulation of a theory, conceptual or theoretical?
conceptual
which structure links concepts selected from several theories from previous research results or from the researcher's own experiences?
conceptual
interpretivism
concerned with how individuals interpret their experiences
Which is not a true statement about grey literature? a. grey literature is also called gray literature b. dissertations are not examples of grey literature c. grey literature is included in some databases d. grey literature is published in scholarly journals
d
statements that have been repeatedly tested and have not been disproved are called a. critical social theory b. propositions c. concepts d. empirical generalizations
d
which is considered an inappropriate way to ask a librarian for assistance? a. visit the lib and ask to speak to a librarian b. email a specific librarian or use the online ask a librarian service c. make an appt in advance d. call the librarian at home before your literature review is due
d
What does it mean to evaluate for a literature review?
do a comprehensive search to see what you find out about your topic, strengths and weaknesses
When a similar pattern of events is found in the empirical data of a number of different studies
empirical generalization
critical social theory
encourages examination of how individuals or groups of individuals are situated within a social context, and how a particular position in society affects the individual or group of individuals
A conceptual framework helps (explain / show) relationships between concepts
explain
T/F Theories are facts
false, theories are always speculative and never considered to be true or proven
What type of source (primary, secondary, grey) is meant to make technical material or research findings more easily understood by a lay audience?
grey literature
Roy's Adaptation Model
humans are viewed as biopsychosocial adaptive systems who cope with environmental change through the process of adaptation
constructivism
humans construct knowledge from a foundation of current knowledge
Parallel search
looking at the reference list or bibliography of another source...will help you find additional sources you should include in your own literature review
deductive reasoning
moves from general to specific -theory -hypothesis -empirical testing
Inductive Reasoning
moves from specific to general 1) empirical data 2) theory
"bacteria causes disease" is an example of what?
propositional statement
Inductive reasoning is used in ___________ research
qualitative
Deductive reasoning is used in (qualitative / quantitative) research
quantitative
indexes
reference materials on periodicals & books
Propositional statement
shows the relationship between concepts -may assert that two phenomena tend to vary together -may assert that one variable causes another variable Ex: "Drilling for oil caused dinosaurs to become extinct."
Postpositivism
the belief that absolute truth or a universal experience of reality does not exist postpositist believe that human beings have differing perspectives of realty; all science has a subjective component
theory practice gap
the belief that many nursing theories are too abstract and removed from the reality of nursing practice
which has a more well developed structure, a conceptual or theoretical framework?
theoretical
What are examples of a concept
time, knowledge, steam, food
What does it mean to analyze for a literature review?
to determine what evidence or info is given in each source to support the points, inferences, or arguments about your topic
When is a conceptual framework used?
used when no existing theory fits
positivism
worldview that the truth about a phenomenon can be discovered through the scientific method -positivist strive to discover explanations through the scientific method of observation, empiricism, and quantitative measurement
