Chapters 9-11 Review Questions

Which of the following does cytosine pair with? A. guanine B. thymine C. adenine D. a pyrimidine

A. Guanine

Population genetics is the study of ________. A.) how allele frequencies in a population change over time B.) populations of cells in an individual C.) the rate of population growth D.) how genes affect embryological development

A.) how allele frequencies in a population change over time

The initial mechanism for repairing nucleotide errors in DNA is ________. A. mismatch repair B. DNA polymerase proofreading C. nucleotide excision repair D. thymine dimers

B. DNA polymerase proofreading

Which scientific concept did Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace independently discover? A. mutation B. natural selection C. overbreeding D. sexual reproduction

B. natural selection

DNA replicates by which of the following models? A. conservative B. semiconservative C. dispersive D. none of the above

B. semiconservative

What is the difference between micro- and macroevolution? A.) Microevolution describes the evolution of small organisms, such as insects, while macroevolution describes the evolution of large organisms, like people and elephants. B.) Microevolution describes the evolution of microscopic entities, such as molecules and proteins, while macroevolution describes the evolution of whole organisms. C.) Microevolution describes the evolution of populations, while macroevolution describes the emergence of new species over long periods of time. D.) Microevolution describes the evolution of organisms over their lifetimes, while macroevolution describes the evolution of organisms over multiple generations.

C.) Microevolution describes the evolution of populations, while macroevolution describes the emergence of new species over long periods of time.

How long would the peptide be that is translated from this mRNA sequence: 5'-AUGGGCUACCGA-3'? A. 0 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

D. 4

Portions of eukaryotic mRNA sequence that are removed during RNA processing are ________. A. exons B. caps C. poly-A tails D. introns

D. introns

Which of the following situations will lead to natural selection? A.) The seeds of two plants land near each other and one grows larger than the other. B.) Two types of fish eat the same kind of food, and one is better able to gather food than the other. C.) Male lions compete for the right to mate with females, with only one possible winner. D.) all of the above

D.) all of the above

Which variable increases the likelihood of allopatric speciation taking place more quickly? A. lower rate of mutation B. longer distance between divided groups C. increased instances of hybrid formation D. equivalent numbers of individuals in each population

b. longer distance between divided groups

In which of the following pairs do both evolutionary processes introduce new genetic variation into a population? A.) natural selection and genetic drift B.) mutation and gene flow C.) natural selection and gene flow D.) gene flow and genetic drift

b. mutation and gene flow

Galápagos medium ground finches are found on Santa Cruz and San Cristóbal islands, which are separated by about 100 km of ocean. Occasionally, individuals from either island fly to the other island to stay. This can alter the allele frequencies of the population through which of the following mechanisms? A.) natural selection B.) genetic drift C.) gene flow D.) mutation

c. gene flow

The wing of a bird and the arm of a human are examples of ________. A. vestigial structures B. molecular structures C. homologous structures D. analogous structures

c. homologous structures

The fact that DNA sequences are more similar in more closely related organisms is evidence of what? A.) optimal design in organisms B.) adaptation C.) mutation D.) descent with modification

d. descent with modification