Checking your understanding chps: 10,11,13, & 14

A 58-year-old woman is seen in the clinic for reports of severe back pain. Her chest x-ray demonstrates generalized bone demineralization and compression fracture. Blood studies demonstrate elevated calcium levels. The most likely diagnosis is a. back trauma. b. myeloma. c. Hodgkin disease. d. leukemia.

b. myeloma.

An increase in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen occurs with a. shift to the right. b. shift to the left. c. elevated PCO2. d. hyperthermia.

b. shift to the left

The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a measure of the integrity of a. plasminogen. b. the intrinsic pathway. c. the extrinsic pathway. d. factor VIII synthesis.

b. the intrinsic pathway.

Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by a. factor VII. b. tissue thromboplastin. c. platelet factors. d. collagen exposure.

b. tissue thromoboplastin

The liver is responsible for the synthesis of coagulation factors, with the exception of part of VIII. a. False b. True

b. true

Two of the most serious oncology emergencies associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma are obstruction of the superior vena cava and compression of the spinal cord. a. False b. True

b. true

A newborn has melena, bleeding from the umbilicus, and hematuria. The newborn most likely experiencing a. von Willebrand disease. b. vitamin K deficiency bleeding. c. acquired vitamin K deficiency. d. disseminated intravascular coagulation.

b. vitamin K deficiency bleeding

A patient presents to the physician's office with pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin. The patient is most likely between the ages of _____ years. a. 4 and 7 b. 15 and 18 c. 6 months and 2 d. 25 and 45

a. 4 and 7

Burkitt lymphoma is most closely associated with a. Epstein-Barr virus. b. history of cigarette smoking. c. radiation exposure. d. immunodeficiency syndromes.

a. Epstein-Barr virus

Which disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease? a. HIV/AIDS b. Malnutrition immunodeficiency c. Cancer immunodeficiency d. Radiation immunodeficiency

a. HIV/AIDS

Myasthenia gravis is a type II hypersensitivity disorder that involves a. impaired muscle function. b. symptoms of glomerular disease. c. symptoms of arthritis or polyarthralgia. d. symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

a. Impaired muscle funtion

Renal insufficiency is a common complication of which disease? a. Myeloma b. Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) c. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) d. Hodgkin disease

a. Myeloma

Which causes vasoconstriction? a. Norepinephrine b. Acetylcholine c. α-Adrenergic antagonist d. Calcium channel blocker

a. Norepinephrine

What laboratory finding is usually found in aplastic anemia? a. Pancytopenia b. Thrombocythemia c. Leukocytosis d. Neutrophilia

a. Pancytopenia

Which is not considered to be a risk factor for thrombus formation? a. Thrombocytopenia b. Vascular trauma c. Circulatory shock d. Stasis of blood flow

a. Thrombocytopenia

The Philadelphia chromosome is a balanced chromosome translocation that forms a new gene called a. bcr-abl. b. Rb. c. ARA-c. d. p53.

a. bcr-abl.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome is an example of a(n) a. deficient immune response. b. primary acquired immunodeficiency. c. hypersensitivity reaction. d. excessive immune response.

a. deficient immune response

The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin results in a. fibrinolysis. b. activation of thrombin. c. clot retraction. d. platelet aggregation.

a. fibrinolysis

When a patient is struck in the eye by a baseball, the result is redness and swelling. This increase in blood flow to a localized area is called a. hyperemia. b. hypoxia. c. edema. d. autoregulation.

a. hyperemia

Venous obstruction leads to edema because it ________ pressure. a. increases capillary hydrostatic b. decreases tissue c. increases capillary oncotic d. increases arterial blood

a. increases capillary hydrostatic

Hemophilia B is also known as Christmas disease. a. True b. False

a. true

The anemia resulting from a deficiency of either vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) or folate is caused by a disruption in DNA synthesis of the blast cells in the bone marrow that produces very large abnormal bone marrow cells called megaloblasts. a. True b. False

a. true

Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome? a. CML (chronic myeloid leukemia) b. CLL (chronic lymphoid leukemia) c. AML (acute myeloid leukemia) d. ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)

b. CLL (chronic lymphoid leukemia)

Seasonal allergic rhinitis is most involved in type II hypersensitivity reactions. a. True b. False

b. False

A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are characteristic of which type of anemia? a. Folate deficiency b. Iron deficiency c. Erythropoietin deficiency d. Vitamin B12 deficiency

b. Iron deficiency

Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)? a. Vertebral fracture, hypercalcemia, bone pain b. Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruising c. Painless enlarged cervical lymph node, fever, weight loss d. Elevated WBC count found on routine examination, asymptomatic

b. Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruising

The relationship of blood flow (Q), resistance (R), and pressure (P) in a vessel can be expressed by which equation? a. R = PQ b. Q = P/R c. P = Q/R d. Q = R/P

b. Q=P/R

When systemic vascular resistance is decreased, blood flow a. increases. b. decreases. c. moves to the extremities. d. stays the same.

b. decreases

Vaccination for pneumococcal pneumonia should be performed before 1 year of age in patients with sickle cell anemia. a. True b. False

b. false

A 3-year-old boy who exhibits prolonged bleeding after minor trauma and a prolonged aPTT, but a normal platelet count, is likely to be diagnosed with a. disseminated intravascular coagulation. b. hemophilia. c. thrombocytopenia. d. liver dysfunction

b. hemophilia.

The patient is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). As part of treatment, the patient must undergo several weeks of chemotherapy. The most serious complication of chemotherapy is a. vomiting. b. infection. c. anemia. d. alopecia.

b. infection

A 5-year-old patient's parents report loss of appetite and fatigue in their child. The parents also state that the child refuses to walk as a result of pain. The child's most likely diagnosis is a. CML (chronic myeloid leukemia) b. AML (acute myeloid leukemia) c. ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia) d. CLL (chronic lymphoid leukemia)

c. ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)

Which type of leukemia primarily affects children? a. CML (chronic myeloid leukemia) b. AML (acute myeloid leukemia) c. ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia) d. CLL (chronic lymphoid leukemia)

c. ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)

In general, the best prognosis for long-term disease-free survival occurs with a. AML (acute myeloid leukemia). b. CLL (chronic lymphoid leukemia). c. ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia). d. CML (chronic myeloid leukemia).

c. ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia).

Certain autoimmune diseases are associated with the presence of specific proteins on a person's cells. These proteins are called ________ proteins. a. TCR or BCR b. antibody receptor c. HLA or MHC d. complement

c. HLA or MHC

Excessive red cell lysis can be detected by measuring the serum a. methemoglobin. b. erythropoietin. c. bilirubin. d. hemoglobin.

c. bilirubin

Velocity of blood flow is measured in a. millimeters per minute. b. yards per hour. c. centimeters per second. d. kilometers per minute.

c. centimeters per second

Patients with immunodeficiency disorders are usually first identified because they a. develop brain infections. b. run high fevers. c. develop recurrent infections. d. have unusually high WBC counts.

c. develop recurrent infections

The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (international normalized ratio) measure the integrity of a. platelet function. b. fibrinolysis. c. extrinsic pathway. d. intrinsic pathway.

c. extrinsic pathway

Treatment for hemophilia A includes a. platelet transfusion. b. heparin administration. c. factor VIII replacement. d. factor IX replacement.

c. factor VIII replacement

Blood flow is slow through capillaries because capillaries a. are so narrow. b. are so far away from the heart. c. have the largest total cross-sectional area. d. have no smooth muscle.

c. have the largest total cross-sectional area.

An important mediator of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is a. antigen-antibody immune complexes. b. complement. c. histamine. d. T cells

c. histamine

When a patient is struck in the eye by a baseball, the result is redness and swelling. This increase in blood flow to a localized area is called a. edema. b. hypoxia. c. hyperemia. d. autoregulation.

c. hyperemia

Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of a. iron. b. folate. c. intrinsic factor. d. erythropoietin.

c. intrinsic factor

The cause of the most common form of anemia is a. chronic disease. b. protein malnutrition. c. iron deficiency. d. acute bleeding.

c. iron deficiency

The megakaryocyte is a precursor to a. factor IX. b. white blood cells. c. platelets. d. red blood cells.

c. platelets

Blood flow throughout the periphery is regulated by a. cardiac output. b. velocity. c. the autonomic nervous system. d. hemodynamics.

c. the autonomic nervous system

Which vessel normally demonstrates the most rapid blood flow? a. An arteriole b. A venule c. The vena cava d. A capillary

c. the vena cava

Peripheral edema is a result of a. arterial insufficiency. b. hypertension. c. venous thrombosis. d. atherosclerosis.

c. venous thrombosis

The hypersensitivity reaction that does not involve antibody production is type a. I. b. II. c. III. d. IV.

d. IV

Which characteristic is indicative of hemolytic anemia? a. Hypovolemia b. Increased heart rate c. Increased total iron-binding capacity d. Jaundice

d. Jaundice

Which disorder is associated with a type III hypersensitivity mechanism of injury? a. Graves disease b. Erythroblastosis fetalis c. Seasonal allergic rhinitis d. Systemic lupus erythematosus

d. Systemic lupus erythematosus

While in the hospital for management of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), a patient develops severe thrombocytopenia. The most appropriate action for this condition is a. anticoagulant therapy. b. chemotherapy. c. isolation. d. activity restriction.

d. activity restriction

The final step in clot formation is a. platelet degranulation and adhesion. b. conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. c. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. d. clot retraction.

d. clot retraction

Widespread activation of the clotting cascade secondary to massive trauma is called a. hemophilia B. b. idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura. c. Hageman disease. d. disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

d. disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

The most effective therapy for anemia associated with kidney failure is a. iron administration. b. vitamin B12 and folate administration. c. high-protein diet. d. erythropoietin administration.

d. erythropoietin administration.

Red blood cells obtain nearly all their energy from metabolism of a. acetyl coenzyme A. b. fats. c. proteins. d. glucose.

d. glucose

Which condition enhances lymphatic flow? a. Increased capillary oncotic pressure b. Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure c. Increased tissue hydrostatic pressure d. Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure

d. increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure

Clinical manifestations of chronic arterial obstruction include a. distal hyperemia. b. decreased pressure proximal to the obstruction. c. edema. d. intermittent claudication.

d. intermittent claudication.

Clinical manifestations of chronic arterial obstruction include a. edema. b. distal hyperemia. c. decreased pressure proximal to the obstruction. d. intermittent claudication.

d. intermittent claudication.

RhoGAM (an Rh antibody) would be appropriate in an Rh-_____ woman with an _____ Rh-_____ antibody titer carrying an Rh-_____ fetus. a. negative; positive; positive b. positive; negative; negative c. negative; negative; negative d. negative; negative; positive

d. negative; negative; positive

The strength of the bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is known as the a. hemoglobin synthesis. b. dissociation curve. c. Bohr effect. d. oxygen-hemoglobin affinity.

d. oxygen-hemoglobin affinity.

A deficiency of von Willebrand factor impairs a. activation of the coagulation cascade. b. platelet production. c. platelet aggregation. d. platelet adhesion to injured tissue.

d. platelet adhesion to injured tissue

Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which a. stem cells are transferred to the patient from an identical twin. b. stem cells are transferred to the patient from an HLA-matched donor. c. there is a high rejection rate. d. stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient.

d. stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient.