Chem 101 test 68 kilo
Ions
+ or - charged atom or group of atoms
Physical chem
A discipline, attempts to explain how matter behaves
Electronegativity
Ability to attract electrons in chem/ bond. (high electro attract low electro)
volumetric pipette
Accurate fixed volume
Otswald/folin
Accurate measurement of viscous fluids
Arrhenius theory
Acid dissolved in water dissociates to from hydrogen ions or protons.. A base dissolved in water dissociates to form hydroxide ions
Bronsted- lowery
Acid is proton donor, base is proton acceptor
Analytical chem
Analysis of matter to determine composition, and quantity of matter present
Isotopes
Atoms, same element, different masses, different # of neutrons, same chem/ properties
Polar covalent bond
Bond of unequally shared electron pairs
Oxidizing agent
Causes oxidation, gains the electron; hydrogen, loses oxygen
Reducing agent
Causes reduction, loses electrons; hydrogen, gains oxygen
Compound
Combination of 2 or more elements, definite reproducible way
Mixture
Combo 2+ pure substances, each subs/ retains its own identity
Extensive properties
Dependent on quantity of substance ( mass, volume, energy, solubility, concentration)
Octet rule
Elements reactions to attain stable octet of electrons
Chemical changes of matter
Entirely different substance, different chem/and phys/ properties (combustion)
Physical properties
Exhibited, measured, observed, without changing chemical comp/ or indentity
Higher energy level
Father away electron is from nucleus
Reverse osmosis
Forced thru semipermeable membrane from concentrated solution to more dilute
Reduction
Gain of 1+ electrons, gain of hydrogen, loss of oxygen
Intensive properties
Independent of quantity of substance (density, specific gravity, boiling point, melting, temp)
Oxidization
Loss of 1+ electrons, loss of hydrogen, gain of oxygen
Measuring/graduated pipettes
Measurements of reagents are not sufficient, accurate for measuring samples and calibrators
Buffer solutions
Mix of weak acid and it's salt, weak base and it's salt. Resists large pH changes when adding acid or base
Valence electrons
Outermost shell of electrons involved/ potentially in bonding process
Chem properties
Participation in a chem reaction
Physical change
Produces recognizable difference, no change in identity or comp/
Element
Pure substance, cannot be changed by an reaction
Covalent compound
Reaction of non-metals
Chem reaction
Rearranging, removing, replacing or adding of atoms to produce new substances
Gravimetrical method
Recommended calibration method
Deionization
Reduces ions dissolved in solution through process of ion exchange
Electron affinity
Released energy, 1 electron is added to an isolated atom
Ionization energy
Required energy to remove electron from isolated atom
Covalent bond
Sharing of electrons, complete octet of electrons for each atom in bond
Rate of reaction
Structure, concentration, temp, physical state, presence of catalyst
Bio chem
Study of life at molecular level (reproduction, growth, respiration)
Organic chem
Study of matter made up of mostly carbon and hydrogen
Inorganic chem
Study of matter, all elements other than carbon and hydrogen and their combinations
Chemistry
Study of matter, chemical and physical properties and energy properties and changes
Ionic bond
TRANSFER 1+ electrons, atom to atom
Beakers + erlenmeyer
Used for general mixing
Distillation
Vaporization followed by condensation, separate pan of system
