Chem 103 Ch 1

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round each number to three sig figs 0.036549 1044.987 4.0007

0.0365 1040 4.00

1 degrees C

1 kelvin (K)

0.07 0.010 0.550, 90.0 7.010, 0.05002 725.00

1 sig 2 sig 3 sig 4 sig 5 sig

sig fig rules

1. All non-zero integers are always significant; ex. 2.45 cm =3 sig figs (all digits are significant bc they are not 0's) 2. Zeros in the middle of a number are significant; ex. 8074=4 sig figs 3. Zeros at the beginning of a number are not significant; ex. .0067=2 sig figs 4. Trailing zeros (zeros at the end of a number) Are significant if AFTER the decimal point; ex. 55.0=3 sig figs Are NOT significant in numbers without decimal points; ex. 1000=1 sig fig 5. Exact values have infinite number of sig figs Conversion factors (exactly 2.54cm =1 inch; previously established as an exact, defined quantity) Counting objects (there are exactly 12 eggs in the egg carton; nothing uncertain about this)

12.8L/1cm to mL/m

1.28x10^6mL/m

1043= 0.00077= 673.5= 0.034=

1.43x10^3 7.7x10^-4 6.735x10^2 3.4x10^-2

density of Ti is 4.50g/cm^3. What is the volume of 7.20 g of Ti?

1.60cm^3Ti

24.2mi/1gal to km/L

10.2874

1 picometer (pm)

10^-12 m

1 centimeter (cm)

10^-2 m

1 millimole (mmol)

10^-3 mol

1 microliter (uL)

10^-6 L

1 nanogram (ng)

10^-9 g

1 kilometer (km)

10^3 m

1 megahertz (MHz)

10^6 Hz

1 2 meters to centimeters

1200.0 cm

12+1.2 =how many sig figs

13.2 but 2 sig figs so 13

practice sig figs 105+30.1 = 88/22 = 10.5 + 2.03 -4.72 = (5.00x10^2) x 0.001 = (6.0-5.5)(46056)/228 =

135 3 sig figs 4.0 2 sig figs 7.81 2 sig figs 0.5 1 sig fig 100 1 sig fig

1.72x10^3 = 9.07x10^-2=

1720 0.0907

.296L/1 min to uL/h

17760000uL/h

873cm/1s to in/min

20622.047 in/min

round each number to two sig figs 233.356 0.002353 1.005

230 0.0024 1.0

convert 298K to C

24.85 degrees C

mass is 19.90g, volume is 5.66 mL. what is the density

3.52g/mL

86 F to C

30 degrees C

5.47cm/s to m/min

328.2 m/min

convert 260 F to Kelvin

399.816 K

determine the number of sig figs 0.07016 0.00013 8.04 x 10^-3 20.00 5,000,000 2,090 2,090.

4 2 3 4 1 3 4

a 9 degree F temp change equals a temp change of

5 degrees C and 5 K

10 C to F

50 degrees F

density is .7899g/mL, mass is 39.7g. what is volume

50.259mL

6.104x10^2= 9.5x10^-3= 4.52x10^3= 8.11x10^-2

610.4 0.0095 4520 0.0811

convert 749 K to F

888.53 F

conversion between C and F

C=(F-32)x5/9 F=9/5(C)+32

convert 37C to K

K=C+273.15 K=310.15

kelvin

SI unit of temperature, known as the absolute temperature scale, where the lowest temperature possible is 0 K

A piece of metal ore weighs 8.25 g. When you place it into a graduated cylinder containing water, the liquid level rises from 21.25 mL to 26.47 mL. What is the density of the ore?

V=5.22 mL D=1.58g/mL

compound

a molecule made of atoms from different elements; written using chemical formulas

chemical property

a property of a substance that can only be measured by changing a substance's chemical identity; reacting it to form a substance

physcial property

a property of sunstance that can only be observed without changing the chemical composition of the substance

element

a substance of only one type of atom, can be multiple atoms; written using chemical symbols

uncertainty in measurements

all measurements contain uncertainty

law of constant composition (law of definite proportions)

all samples of a particular compound contain the same elements combined in the same proportions, always is the same

flammability

chemical intensive

scinetific notation

coefficient value must be 1 to less than 10 1.0 X 10^6 mg

physical changes

color, oder, taste, melting/boiling point, physical state (gas, liquid, solid), solubility, viscosity, density, hardness, softness, light enough to float, can be cut with sharp knife

extensive

does depend on the amount of matter, mass, length, volume (all will change if the amount of matter change)

intensive

does not depend on the amount of matter, color, boiling point, hardness, temperature, density (all are independent of the amount you have)

rounding off sig figs

drop "insignificant" digits, only at the end of calculations

chemical changes

flammability, corrosion, oxidation, ability to rust, tarnish, react violently, decompose, ferment, candle burning, 2 clear colorless salt solutions are mixed and a bright orange precipate forms, changes from silver gray to black when placed in moist air, reacts violently with chlorine to form solid, produces a hole in container

celsius

freezing point is 0 degrees C, boiling point is 100 degrees C

significant figures

includes all digits known with certainty plus one digit that is uncertain; you always have to go one more digit from what you are actually able to see (doesn't matter which number you chose)

King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk

kilo, hecto, deka, base (or meters), deci, centi, milli

precision

measurements are close to each other

accuracy

measurements are close to known value

dimensional analysis

multistep conversion problem

mass

physical extensive

boiling point

physical intensive

color

physical intensive

properties of matter

physical or chemical and intensive or extensive

density

relates mass and volume togetehr temperature dependent mass/volume

multiplying and dividing sig figs

round to lowest number of sig figs in the problem

adding and subtracting sig figs

round to the least number of decimal places

molecular formula

shows the actual number of each type of atom in a molecule

empirical formula

shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

atom

smallest particle of an element which maintains its chemical properties

chemistry

study of composition, structure and properties of matter

weakest link principle

the number of sig figs in the final result cannot be greater than the "weakest link" used in the calculation

uncertain digit

the very last digit in a measurement

molecule

two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds, can consist of atoms of the same element of different elements

measurements

two parts: number and unit

standardization

units of measurement is essential to ensure repeatability and facilitate communication among people around the world


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