Chem 103 Exam 2
What is the amphetamine sold as a street drug called?
"Speed" or "meth"
Alzheimers is associated with having too little of what neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
Involved in the brain with short term memory
Acetylcholine
Neurotransmitter in the brain that is associated with short term memory
Acetylcholine
One treatment of Alzheimers is to inhibit the enzyme that degrades this neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine
Alzheimers
Acetylcholine too little
Any compound that mimics the activity of a drug is called an
Agonist
any molecule that blocks the receptor site where the drug binds
Antagonist
What is the name of the amphetamine used by college students as a "study aid"?
Benzedrine or Adderall
Local anesthetic found in OTC oral ointments like Orajel
Benzocaine
The monosaccharides found in: DNA
Beta D-deoxyribose
mild stimulant
Caffeine
Body reduces number of dopamine receptors in the brain
Chronic users of Cocaine
From Coca leaves. Binds to the dopamine transporter, preventing the reuptake of dopamine. Dopamine stays in the synapse. "Blocker"
Cocaine
The narcotic found in some modern (not the 1800's) cough syrup is
Codeine
The monosaccharides found in: amylose
D-glucose
The monosaccharides found in: lactose
D-glucose and galactose
The monosaccharides found in: milk sugar
D-glucose and galactose
Name of the pain killer that is injected (still a narcotic) which is milder than morphine
Demerol
is used to help patients with Parkinson's because it can pass through the blood brain barrier unlike Dopamine
Dopa or L. Dopa
"Feel good" Neurotransmitter
Dopamine
A deficiency of this neurotransmitter may cause Parkinson's disease
Dopamine
Cocaine affects the re-uptake of this neurotransmitter, causing high levels of it to build up in
Dopamine
Current theory relates schizophrenia to an excess of which neurotransmitter?
Dopamine
Norephinephrine is synthesized in the body from what NT?
Dopamine
Norepinephrine is made from what neurotransmitter?
Dopamine
Over time, cocaine addicts will start to have less of the receptor sites for this neurotransmitter
Dopamine
Patients with Parkinsons disease have too little
Dopamine
What neurotransmitter is made from DOPA?
Dopamine
Parkinson's
Dopamine too little affects
Schizophrenia
Dopamine too much affects
Acupuncture works by causing the body to produce what compounds?
Endorphins
Used in a patch for chronic pain management for cancer patients
Fentanyl
The monosaccharides found in: Surcrose
Fructose and glucose
Anti-anxiety drugs increase the activity of this neurotransmitter.
GABA
It is a dopamine modulator (inhibits dopamine neurons) & reduces anxiety
GABA
Valium, Xanax and Librium affect which NT?
GABA
What neurotransmitter is most affected by anti-anxiety drugs?
GABA (gamma ammino butyric acid)
Street drug synthesized from morphine
Heroin
Anti-acids like Zantac and Tagemet affect this neurotransmitter
Histamine
The body may produce this chemical in response to an allergy
Histamines
What quick acting local anesthetic is typically used in a dentist's office? (injected)
Lidocaine or Novocaine
an enzyme that degrades monoamine neurotransmitters
MAO (monoamine oxidase)
Given in clinics to replace addiction to heroin. It is still addictive.
Methadone
Heroin antagonist that is given to treat heroin overdoses
Naloxone (Narcan)
Beta D-deoxyribose
Name the compound
Beta D-glucose
Name the compound
Cellulose
Name the compound
Starch or amylose
Name the compound
low doses, mild stimulant, agonist acetylcholine High doses, blocks receptors in muscles synapses=death
Nicotine
depression (ADD)
Norepinephrine too little
hyperactivity, manic state, aggression
Norepinephrine too much
Synthetic pain killers given in pill form.
Oxycotin or Percodan or Percocet
What is the name of the amphetamine given to hyperactive children?
Ritalin
Involved in sleep, appetite and body temperature
Serotonin
Prozac, Zoloft and Paxil affect this neurotransmitter
Serotonin
What neurotransmitter regulates sleep, body temperature and appetite?
Serotonin
depression
Serotonin too little
What is it called when two substances interact to produce a greater combined effect that the two substances separately?
Synergistic
Name of a specific anti-histamine that reduces stomach acid
Tagamet or Zantac
The name of a specific anti-psychotic drug
Thorazine
True
True/False A reducing sugar is actually oxidized to a carboxylic acid.
True
True/False All glycosides of monosaccharides cannot open up and thus are non-reducing sugars.
False (two chiral carbons)
True/False All meso compounds have a plane of symmetry and at least one chiral carbon.
False (too little)
True/False Alzheimers patients have too much acetylcholine in their brains.
False (less volatile)
True/False Amine salts are more volatile (easier to evaporate) than amines.
False (mimics)
True/False An agonist drug is one that blocks the receptor site for a neurotransmitter.
False
True/False Anti-anxiety medications are safe and not addictive.
True
True/False Anti-psychotics block the receptor sites for dopamine, and can be used to treat schizophrenia.
True
True/False At room temperature fats are usually solids and oils are usually liquids.
True
True/False Barbiturates are addictive and sudden withdrawal can cause convulsions.
True
True/False Cocaine and amphetamines increase the amount of dopamine in the synapse, but by different mechanisms.
False
True/False Compounds with chiral carbons are always optically active.
True
True/False D-glucose is found in nature while L-glucose is not.
False (can pass through)
True/False DOPA cannot pass through the brain/blood barrier, so it is not used to treat Parkinson's disease.
False
True/False Dextrin and dextrose are the same thing.
True
True/False Diastereomers are stereoisomers with two or more chiral carbons and are not mirror images.
False
True/False Diastereomers have the same physical and chemical properties, except rotation of light.
True
True/False Enzymes usually react with only one compound in a pair of enantiomeric drugs.
False
True/False Fats and oils have a glycerol backbone while triglycerides do not.
False
True/False If one enantiomer melts at 25ºC, then the other enantiomer will melt at -25ºC.
True
True/False In Galactosemia, galactose is not converted to glucose and can build up in the brain.
False (stimulant)
True/False In low doses nicotine is a sedative, but it is poisonous in high doses.
True
True/False Most neurotransmitters are synthesized in the body from amino acids.
True
True/False Ritalin is actually an amphetamine even though it is used to treat hyperactive children.
True
True/False SSRI drugs block the re-uptake for serotonin, causing larger amounts in the synapses.
True
True/False Smokers have a higher level of dopamine in their brains, than non-smokers.
False
True/False Synthetic opiates like Percodan and oxycotin are not addictive.
False (increased)
True/False Tolerance for a drug means that over time the dosage can be decreased to have the same effect as before.
False
True/False Waxes are hard to digest because they do not have an ester linkage.
Give one example of specific anti-anxiety drugs
Xanax or Valium
Name of a drug given to treat depression, eating disorders and OCD.
Zoloft or Prozac
The monosaccharides found in: Table sugar
fructose and glucose
The monosaccharides found in: Amylopectin
glucose
The monosaccharides found in: Cellulose
glucose
The monosaccharides found in: Dextrins
glucose
The monosaccharides found in: Glycogen
glucose
The monosaccharides found in: Starch
glucose
The monosaccharides found in: maltose
glucose
