CHEM 1040: Exam 1 test review
group
a column of the periodic table is called a?
period
a row of the periodic table is called a?
ion
a single atom or covalently bonded group of atoms that has an overall electrical charge is the definition of a what?
cation; positive
after an electron has lost an electron it becomes a/an __________ and has a __________ charge.
transfer of electrons
an ionic bond involves the what?
carbon
an isotope of which element is chosen as a standard in measuring atomic mass?
describes regions of space in which one is most likely to find an electron
atomic orbitals developed using quantum mechanics
increases; decreases
atomic size __________ as you go down a group, and __________ as you go across a period.
X and Z
atoms X, Y, Z, and R have the following nuclear compositions: 410X186, 410Y183, 412Z186, 412R185; which two are isotopes? (mass#,letter,atomic#)
BaF2; ionic compound
barium fluoride is used in embalming and in glass manufacturing. give the formula and bonding for barium fluoride.
1 to 2
between which two energy levels is the greatest difference in energy?
35, 46, 81
bromine is the only nonmetal that is a liquid at room temperature. consider the isotope bromine-81, 81Br35. select the combination of which lists the correct atomic number, neutron number, and mass number, respectively.
three
consider the following adjectives used to describe types of spectrum: continuous, line, atomic, emission, absorption. how many of them are appropriate to describe the spectrum of radiation absorbed by a sample of mercury vapor?
two
consider the following adjectives used to describe types of spectrum: continuous, line, atomic, emission, absorption. how many of them are appropriate to describe the spectrum of radiation given off by blackbody?
refraction
contact lenses can focus light due to the __________ of the waves.
visible
electromagnetic radiation of 500nm wavelength lies in the __________ region of the spectrum.
noble gas
elements will gain or loose electrons to try and get to the same electron configuration of the nearest what?
infrared, visible, and uv regions
excited hydrogen atoms radiate energy in the?
orbit - the curved trajectory of an object around a star, moon, planet, etc. orbital - the region in which an electron travels; constitutes a series of electron shells
explain the context and meanings of the terms "orbit" and "orbital," making a clear distinction between them.
cation; anion
for all ionic compounds, the name and formula lists the __________ first and the __________ second.
noble gas
give the common name of the group in the periodic table for the element: Ar
alkaline earth metal
give the common name of the group in the periodic table for the element: Ba
halogen
give the common name of the group in the periodic table for the element: Br
alkali metal
give the common name of the group in the periodic table for the element: Rb
78
how many inner electrons does Pb (Z=82) have?
79 protons; 118 neutrons
how many protons and neutrons does the element Au have?
4
how many valence electrons does Pb (Z=82) have?
20
if the element Ca has a mass of 40 and 20 protons, how many neutrons does it have?
n=3, l=3, ml=2
in the quantum mechanical treatment of the hydrogen atom, which one of the following combinations of quantum numbers is not allowed? a. n=3, l=0, ml=0 b. n=3, l=1, ml=-1 c. n=3, l=2, ml=2 d. n=3, l=2, ml=-1 e. n=3, l=3, ml=2
create a pattern of light and dark regions
interference of light waves do what?
decreases; increases
ionization energy ___________ as you go down a group, and ____________ as you go across a period.
more stable (lower energy); less stable (higher energy)
keep in mind that it takes more energy to remove an electron from a __________ sublevel than from a __________ sublevel.
metal
metal, nonmetal, or metalloid: Ca?
nonmetal
metal, nonmetal, or metalloid: Ge?
nonmetal
metal, nonmetal, or metalloid: H?
nonmetal
metal, nonmetal, or metalloid: I?
nonmetal
metal, nonmetal, or metalloid: S?
metalloid
metal, nonmetal, or metalloid: Si?
law of mass conservation - the total mass of substances doesn't change during a chemical reaction law of definite composition - no matter the source, a particular compound is composed of the same elements in the same parts by mass law of multiple proportions - if element a & b react to form two compounds, the different masses of b that combine with a fixed mass of a can be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers
name the three important "laws" that were accounted for by dalton's atomic theory and explain them.
groups; periods
on the periodic table, vertical columns are called __________ and horizontal rows are called __________.
1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12
one amu is defined as what?
F^-1
predict the monoatomic ion which would be formed by fluorine?
gamma rays, uv, infrared, radio
select the arrangement of electromagnetic radiation with starts with the lowest wavelength and increases greater wavelength.
the molecular formula of a compound provides more information than the structural formula
select the incorrect statement about elements and compounds.
Na2O; ionic compound
sodium oxide combines violently with water. give the formula and the bonding for sodium oxide.
true
t/f all matter exhibits properties of both particles and waves.
true
t/f energy has characteristics that are both particulate and wavelike.
true
t/f we cannot know where an e- is, but we can know where it probably is, where it spends most of its time.
false
t/f: as the frequency of electromagnetic radiation increases, its wavelength also increases.
molecule
the basic unit of an element or covalent compound, consisting of two or more atoms bonded by the sharing of electrons, is the definition of a(n) __________?
refraction
the change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another caused by its change in speed is called what?
type; number
the chemical formula indicates the __________ and __________ of each atom present in the smallest unit of a substance.
principal quantum number (n) only
the energy of an electron in the hydrogen atom is determined by the?
n=3
the following combinations of quantum numbers are not allowed. a. n=2, l=2, ml=2 correct each set by changing only one quantum number, and write in an appropriate corrected value.
l=2
the following combinations of quantum numbers are not allowed. b. n=4, l=-2, ml=0 correct each set by changing only one quantum number, and write in an appropriate corrected value.
diffraction
the interference pattern seen when light passes through narrow, closely spaced slits, is due to what?
magnetic quantum number (ml)
the orientation in space of an atomic orbital is associated with the?
visible region
the part of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum what humans can see is the what?
blackbody radiation
the phenomena of wood coals glowing red and giving off light is an example of what?
angular momentum quantum number (l)
the shape of an atomic orbital is associated with the?
diffraction
the spreading or bending of waves around obstacles is called what?
d
the sublevel that has an angular momentum quantum number (l) of l=2 is what?
covalent compound
the term "molecule" is always used to describe a what?
1, 2, 3, 4...
what are the possible values for the following quantum numbers in an atom? n?
K
what is the chemical symbol for potassium?
ionization energy
what is the energy needed to remove an electron from an atom called?
electron affinity
what is the energy released when an atom accepts an electron called?
atomic size
what is the measure of the distance between atomic nuclei?
3.00x10^8 m/s
what is the speed of light constant?
Cl
what is the symbol of the element with 17 protons and 18 neutrons?
covalent
what type of bond is the sharing of electrons?
+1/2 or -1/2
what values can the spin of an electron have?
absorption
when an atom gains energy which moves an electron to a higher energy shell, that is called what?
emission
when an electron falls back down from an excited state to the ground state, and releases a wavelength of light that corresponds to the energy difference of the levels, that is called what?
uv
when an electron in an hydrogen atom falls from an excited state back down to the n=1 energy level, the wavelength of light that is released is in the __________ spectrum.
visible
when an electron in an hydrogen atom falls from an excited state back down to the n=2 energy level, the wavelength of light that is released is in the __________ spectrum.
valence electrons
which electrons are, for main group elements, the outer most e- and for transition elements are the outer ns e- and the (n-1)d e-?
outer electrons
which electrons lie in the highest energy level, farthest from the nucleus?
inner electrons
which electrons lie within the lowest energy levels and have in common with the previous noble gas and any transition series?
MgCl2
which of the following compounds is ionic? PF3 CS2 HCl SO2 MgCl2
frequency
which of the following describes the cycles per second of electromagnetic radiation?
wavelength
which of the following describes the the distance a wave travels in one cycle of electromagnetic radiation?
amplitude
which of the following describes the the height of a wave crest or depth of a trough of electromagnetic radiation?
1 GHz
which of the following frequencies of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength?
O2-
which of the following ions occurs commonly? N3+ S6+ O2- Ca+ Cl+
n=5, l=3, ml=+1
which of the following is a correct set of quantum number for an electron in a 5f orbital? a. n=5, l=3, ml=+1 b. n=5, l=2, ml=+3 c. n=4, l=3, ml=0 d. n=4, l=2, ml=+1 e. n=5, l=4, ml=3
n=3, l=1, ml=-1
which of the following is a correct set of quantum numbers can correctly represent a 3p orbital? a. n=3, l=1, ml=2 b. n=1, l=3, ml=3 c. n=3, l=2, ml=1 d. n=3, l=1, ml=-1 e. n=3, l=0, ml=1
germanium
which of the following is a metalloid? carbon, sulfur, germanium, iridium, bromine
HF
which of the following symbols does not represent an element? O2, Co, HF, Cs, Xe
C, S, As, H
which one of the following groups does not contain any metals? C, S, As, H Cu, P, Se, Kr N, Ne, Nd, Np Xe, Hg, Ge, O Cl, Al, Si, Ar
a neutral atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons
which one of the following statements about atoms and subatomic particles is correct?
shielding
which phenomenon results from electron repulsion and thus reduces the full nuclear charge to an effective nuclear charge (Zeff) making the e- easier to remove?
penetration
which phenomenon results from the electron moving towards the nucleus, and thus increases the nuclear attraction and decreases the shielding?
ms
which quantum number describes the direction of the spin of the electron?
angular momentum quantum number (l)
which quantum number describes the shape of the orbital?
principal quantum number (n)
which quantum number describes the size of the orbital and its distance from the nucleus?
magnetic quantum number (ml)
which quantum number describes the spatial orientation of the orbital?
Bohr
which scientist first proposed that the electron in the hydrogen atom can have only certain energies?
refraction
which word best describes the phenomenon which gives rise to a rainbow?
Rydberg
who developed an empirical equation from which the wavelengths of lines in the spectrum of hydrogen atoms can be calculated?