Chem 109 Final
Describe each scientist's contribution to our understanding of the atom: Max Plank
"energy is quantized" E=hxf
The element X has three naturally occurring isotopes. The isotopic masses (amu) and % abundances of the isotopes are given in the table below. The average atomic mass of the element is __________ amu. Isotope Mass Relative Abundance X - 225 224.998 amu 78.25% X - 227 226.895 amu 20.25% X - 230 229.999 amu 1.500%
(.7825)(224.998 amu) + (.2025)(226.895 amu) + (229.999)(.01500) = 225.45 amu
Consider the following selected postulates of Dalton's atomic theory and identify the one(s) that are no longer valid: (i) Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms. (ii) Atoms are indivisible. (iii) Atoms of a given element are identical. (iv) Atoms of different elements are different and have different properties.
(ii) and (iii)
1) In the following list, only __________ is not an example of matter. A) light B)elemental phosphorus C)dust D) table salt E)planets
1) A
Which of the following are chemical processes? 1. ripening of an apple 2. freezing of water 3. decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen gases 4. compression of oxygen gas
1. the ripening of an apple and 3. decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen gases. The FOUR indicators of a chemical process (change) are: color change, gas produced, precipitate produced or energy change
The energy of a photon that has a wavelength of 13.2 nm is __________ J.
1.51 x 10⁻¹⁷ J
The 4d subshell in the ground state of atomic xenon contains __________ electrons.
10
10) Which of the following is an illustration of the law of constant composition? A) Water is 11% hydrogen and 89% oxygen by mass. B)Water and salt have different boiling points. C)Water is a compound. D) Water can be separated into other substances by a chemical process. E)Water boils at 100 C at 1 atm pressure.
10) A
11) Which one of the following is not a physical property of water? A) It boils at 100C at 1 atm pressure. B)It freezes at 0C at 1 atm pressure. C)It reacts rapidly with potassium metal to form potassium hydroxide. D) It is clear and colorless. E)Water exists in solid, liquid and gaseous forms.
11) C
12) Of the following, only __________ is a chemical reaction. A) melting of lead B)tarnishing of silver C)crushing of stone D) dissolving sugar in water E)dropping a penny into a glass of water
12) B
13) Which one of the following is an intensive property? A) mass B)volume C)heat content D) temperature E)amount
13) D
14) Of the following, only __________ is an extensive property. A) density B)boiling point C)freezing point D) mass E)pressure
14) D
15) Which of the following are chemical processes? 1. rusting of a nail 2. freezing of water 3. decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen gases 4. compression of oxygen gas A) 2, 3, 4 B)1, 2 C)1, 4 D) 1, 3, 4 E)1, 3, 2
15) E
16) Which of the following is a chemical property of sodium chloride? A) It is a solid at room temperature. B)It can be decomposed into sodium metal and chlorine gas. C)It is not significantly compressible. D) It melts at a high temperature. E)It dissolves in water.
16) B
17) Intensive properties __________ depend on the amount of matter present. Extensive properties __________ depend on the amount of matter present. A) do, sometimes B)don't, don't C)don't, do D) do, do E)do, don't
17) C
18) Of the objects below, __________ is the most dense. A) an object with a volume of 3.91 x 10-24nm3 and a mass of 7.93 x 10-1ng B)an object with a volume of 13 dm3and a mass of 1.29 x10 3g C)an object with a volume of 139 mL and a mass of 93 g D) an object with a volume of 0.00212 m3 and a mass of 4.22 x 10 4mg E)an object with a volume of 2.5 L and a mass of 12.5 kg
18) A
19) The temperature of 25C is __________ in Kelvins. A) 166 B)248 C)103 D) 138 E)298
19) E
2) What is the physical state in which matter has no specific shape but does have a specific volume? A) liquid B)solid C)ice D) gas E)salts
2) A
20) Express the temperature, 422.35 K, in degrees Celsius and in degrees Fahrenheit. A) 149.20C, 300.56F B)50.89C, 324.04F C)22.78C, 98.60F D) 695.50C, 354.39F E)792.23C, 519.08F
20) A
21) A temperature of __________ K is the same as 63F. A) 336 B)17 C)276 D) 29 E)290
21) E
22) What is the volume of a 12.2 g piece of metal with a density of 9.43 g/cm3? A) 1.29 cm 3 B)12.2 cm 3 C)115 cm 3 D) 0.773 cm 3 E)none of the above
22) A
23) What is the density (in g/cm 3) of a gold nugget that has a volume of 1.68 cm 3 and a mass of 32.4 g? A) 54.4 B)0.0519 C)32.4 D) 0.0184 E)19.3
23) E
24) The density of silver is 10.5 g/cm 3. What volume (cm 3) would be occupied by a piece of silver with a mass of 61.3 g? A) 0.171 B)10.5 C)0.00155 D) 644 E)5.84 3
24) E
Which combination of protons, neutrons, and electrons is correct for the isotope of the copper (II) ion, 63 Cu²⁺ 29
27 electrons 29 protons 34 neutrons
27) Precision refers to __________. A) how close a measured number is to the true value B)how close a measured number is to other measured numbers C)how close a measured number is to infinity D) how close a measured number is to the calculated value E)how close a measured number is to zero
27) B
28) How many significant figures are there in the number 0.00230? A) 5 B)6 C)4 D) 3 E)2
28) D
29) What is the correct answer (reported to the proper number of significant figures) to the following? 6.3 x 3.25 = _____ A) 20.5 B)20.48 C)21 D) 20.475 E)20
29) E
3) A combination of sand, salt, and water is an example of a __________. A) pure substance B)homogeneous mixture C)compound D) solid E)heterogeneous mixture
3) E
The wavelength of a photon that has an energy of 5.25 × 10⁻¹⁹ J is __________ m. c=f E=hf c=(3.0×10⁸ms⁻¹) h=6.626×10⁻³⁴ J×s
3.79 x 10⁻⁷m
30) One side of a cube measures 1.55 m. What is the volume of this cube in cm 3? A) 2.40 B)155 C)2.40 x 10 4 D) 3.72 x 10 6 E)3.72
30) D
36) Round the number 0.07535 to two significant figures. A) 0.075 B)0.07535 C)0.076 D) 0.0754 E)0.08
36) A
37) How many significant figures should be retained in the result of the following calculation? (11.13 - 2.6) x 10 4 (103.05 + 16.9) x 10 -6 A) 1 B)2 C)3 D) 4 E)5
37) B
38) The output of a plant is 4335 pounds of ball bearings per week (five days). If each ball bearing weighs 0.0113 g, how many ball bearings does the plant make in a single day? A) 3.84 x 10 5 B)7.67 x 10 4 C)3.48 x 10 7 D) 2.91 x 10 6 E)867
38) C
39) One edge of a cube is measured and found to be 13 cm. The volume of the cube in m 3 is __________. A) 2.2 x 10 -6 B)2.2 C)2.2 x 10 3 D) 2.2 x 10 6 E)2.2 x 10 -3 5
39) E
The lowest energy shell that contains f orbitals is the shell with n = __________.
4
4) Which one of the following has the element name and symbol correctly matched? A) P, potassium B)Mg, manganese C)Sn, silicon D) Ag, silver E)C, copper
4) D
5) Which one of the following is a pure substance? A) salt water B)concrete C)milk D) wood E)elemental copper
5) E
List the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons in an atom of 132 Xe 54
54 electrons 54 protons 78 neutrons
The 3p subshell in the ground state of atomic xenon contains __________ electrons.
6
6) Sn is the symbol for the element __________.
6) Tin
7) The symbol for the element magnesium is __________.
7) C
8) If matter is uniform throughout and cannot be separated into other substances by physical means, it is _ _________. A) a compound B)either an element or a compound C)a homogeneous mixture D) an element E)a heterogeneous mixture
8) B
There are __________ orbitals in the third shell.
9
9) Homogeneous mixtures are also known as __________. A) elements B)solutions C)compounds D) solids E)substances
9) B
32) The correct result of the following addition is __________. 12 1.2 0.12 + 0.012 A)13 B)13.3 C)13.33 D) 13.332 E)none of the above
A
Solids have a ____ shape and are not appreciably ____. A) Definite, compressible B) definite, incompressible C) indefinite, compressible D) indefinite, incompressible E) sharp, convertible
A
Which pair of elements is most apt to form an ionic compound with eachother? A)barium, bromine B) calcium, sodium C) oxygen, fluorine D) sulfur, fluorine E)nitrogen, hydrogen
A
Which states of matter are significantly compressible? A) gases only B) liquids only C) solids only D) liquids and gases E) solids and liquids
A
which pair of elements would you expect to exhibit the greatest similarity in their physical and chemical properties? A) O,S B) C,N C) K, Ca D) H,He E) Si,P
A
Which species has 48 electrons? A) 118 Sn²⁺ 50 B) 116 Sn⁺⁴ 50 C) 112 Cd⁺² 48 D) 68 Ga 31 E) 48 Ti 22
A) 118 Sn²⁺ 50
Classify each of the following as either intensive or extensive properties: A) mass B) temperature C) heat content D) volume E) amount
A) Extensive B) Intensive C) Extensive D) Extensive E) Extensive
In which set of elements would all members be expected to have very similar chemical properties? A) O, S, Se B) N, O, F C) Na, Mg, K D) S, Se, Si E) Ne, Na, Mg
A) O, S, Se
Which one of the following is often easily separated into its components by simple techniques such as filtering or decanting? A) heterogeneous mixture B) compounds C) homogeneous mixture D) elements E) solutions
A) heterogeneous mixture
Potassium is a __________ and chlorine is a __________. A) metal, nonmetal B) metal, metal C) metal, metalloid D) metalloid, nonmetal E) nonmetal, metal
A) metal, nonmetal
Nonmetals can be __________ at room temperature. A) solid, liquid, or gas B) solid or liquid C) solid only D) liquid only E) liquid or gas
A) solid, liquid, or gas
What is the difference between an intensive and an extensive property?
An extensive property is dependent on the amount of matter present (mass, volume, and heat content). Intensive properties are independent of the amount of matter present (color, temperature, solubility)
35) Round the number 0.007225 to three significant figures. A) 0.00723 B)0.00722 C)0.007225 D) 0.007 E)0.0072
B
All atoms of a given element have the same __________. A) mass B) number of protons C) number of neutrons D) number of electrons and neutrons E) density
B
Which compounds do not have the same empirical formula? A) C2H2,C6H6 B) CO2,CO C)C2H4, C3H6 D)C2H4O2,C6H12O6 E)C2H5COOCH3,CH3CHO
B
which of the following is the highest temperature? A) the boiling point of water B) 220 degrees F C) 373 K D) 100 degrees C E) all of the above are identical
B
Which species has 54 electrons? A) 132 Xe⁺ 54 B) 128 Te²⁻ 52 C) 118 Sn²⁺ 50 D) 112 Cd 48 E) 132 Xe²⁺ 54
B) 128 Te²⁻ 52
If matter is uniform throughout and cannot be separated into other substances by physical means, it is __________. A) a compound B) either an element or a compound C) a homogeneous mixture D) a heterogeneous mixture E) an element
B) either an element or a compound
The gold foil experiment performed in Rutherford's lab __________. A) confirmed the plum-pudding model of the atom B) led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus C) was the basis for Thompson's model of the atom D) utilized the deflection of beta particles by gold foil E) proved the law of multiple proportions
B) led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus
Calcium is a __________ and silver is a __________. A) nonmetal, metal B) metal, metal C) metalloid, metal D) metal, metalloid E) nonmetal, metalloid
B) metal, metal
In the following list, only __________ is not an example of a chemical reaction. A) dissolution of a penny in nitric acid B) the condensation of water vapor C) a burning candle D) the formation of polyethylene from ethylene E) the tarnishing of silver
B) the condensation of water vapor
26) A cube of an unknown metal measures 1.61 mm on one side. The mass of the cube is 36 mg. Which of the following is most likely the unknown metal? Metal Density (g/cm 3) rhodium 12.4 copper 8.96 niobium 8.57 vanadium 6.11 zirconium 6.51 A) copper B)zirconium C)niobium D) vanadium E)rhodium
C
33) There are 6 significant figures in the number __________. A) 4.2010 B)1.003702 C)1000.00 D) 0.003702 E)none of the above
C
Of the following, the smallest and lightest subatomic particle is the __________. A) neutron B) proton C) electron D) nucleus E) alpha particle
C)
For which of the following can the composition vary? A) pure substance B) element C) both homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures D) homogeneous mixture E) heterogeneous mixture
C) both homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures
Cathode rays are __________. A) neutrons B) x-rays C) electrons D) protons E) atoms
C) electrons
Lithium is a __________ and magnesium is a __________. A) nonmetal, metal B) nonmetal, nonmetal C) metal, metal D) metal, metalloid E) metalloid, metalloid
C) metal, metal
Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of __________ but differing number of __________. A) protons, electrons B) neutrons, protons C) protons, neutrons D) electrons, protons E) neutrons, electrons
C) protons, neutrons
The atomic number indicates __________. A) the number of neutrons in a nucleus B) the total number of neutrons and protons in a nucleus C) the number of protons or electrons in a neutral atom D) the number of atoms in 1 g of an element E) the number of different isotopes of an element
C) the number of protons or electrons in a neutral atom
The largest principal quantum number in the ground state electron configuration of cobalt is __________.
Co²⁺ [Ar] 3d⁷
31) The number with the most significant zeros is __________. A) 0.00002510 B)2.5100000 C)2.501 10 -7 D) 250000001 E)0.02500001
D
In the symbol shown below, x=_____. 13/x C A) 7 B)13 C)12 D)6 E) not enough information
D
The average atomic weight of copper, which has two isotopes is 63.5. One of the isotopes has an atomic weight of 62.9 amu and constitutes 69.1 percent of copper isotopes. The other has an abundance of 30.9 percent. the atomic weight (amu) of the second isotope is ____. A) 63.2 B) 63.8 C) 64.1 D) 64.8 E)28.1
D
accuracy refers to_____. A) how close a measured number is to zero B)how close a measured number is to the calculated value C)how close a measured number is to other measured numbers D) how close a measured number is to true value E) how close a measured number is to infinity
D
Which atom has the largest number of neutrons? A) phosphorous-30 B) chlorine-37 C) potassium-39 D) argon-40 E) calcium-40
D)
Which one of the following is a pure substance? A) concrete B) wood C) salt water D) elemental copper E) milk
D) elemental copper
Gases and liquids share the property of A) compressibility B) definite volume C) incompressibility D) indefinite shape E) definite shape
D) indefinite shape
Which one of the following is not an intensive property? A) density B) temperature C) melting point D) mass E) boiling point
D) mass
Oxygen is a __________ and nitrogen is a __________. A) metal, metalloid B) nonmetal, metal C) metalloid, metalloid D) nonmetal, nonmetal E) nonmetal, metalloid
D) nonmetal, nonmetal
25) Osmium has a density of 22.6 g/cm 3. What volume (in cm 3) would be occupied by a 21.8 g sample of osmium? A) 1.04 B)493 C)2.03 x 10 3 D) 2.03 x 10 -3 E)0.965
E
34) (0.002843) (12.80184) 0.00032 = __________ A) 113.7 B)113.74 C)113.73635 D) 113.736 E)1.1 x 10 2
E
The nucleus of an atom does not contain __________. A) protons B) protons or neutrons C) neutrons D) subatomic particles E) electrons
E) electrons
What two classifications of matter can be considered pure substances. The real question asks what pure substance can be separated or something like that
Elements and compounds
The ground state electron configuration for Zn is __________.
Zn [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s²
What is the family name of the elements in group 1(1A)
alkali metals
What is the family name of the elements in group 2 (2A)
alkaline earth metals
Each p-subshell can accommodate a maximum of __________ electrons.
at most six electrons can occupy three p orbitals
Describe each scientist's contribution to our understanding of the atom: John Dalton
atomic theory
Describe each scientist's contribution to our understanding of the atom: Millikan
determined the charge of an electron
Describe each scientist's contribution to our understanding of the atom: J.J. Thompson
discovered the electron (plum pudding model)
Describe each scientist's contribution to our understanding of the atom: Ernst Rutherford
discovered the nucleus
Different isotopes of a particular element contain different numbers of __________.
electrons
Describe each scientist's contribution to our understanding of the atom: Neils Bohr
electrons can exist only in certain quantized energy levels
Ham radio operators often broadcast on the 6-meter band. The frequency of this electromagnetic radiation is__ MHz. c=f E=hf c=(3.0×10⁸ms⁻¹) h=6.626×10⁻³⁴ J×s
f= 5.0 × 10⁷ s⁻¹ or Hz
What is the frequency(s⁻¹) of electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength of 0.53 m __________? c=f E=hf c=(3.0×10⁸ms⁻¹) h=6.626×10⁻³⁴ J×s
f=5.7 x 10⁸ s⁻¹ or 5.7 x 10⁸ Hz
Of solids, liquids and gases which one(s) of these states of matter are significantly compressible?
gases
What is the family name of the elements in group 17 (7A)
halogens
What is the family name of the elements in group 18 (8A)
noble gases
Different isotopes of a particular element contain the same number of __________.
protons
The nucleus of an atom contains __________.
protons and neutrons
There are __________ unpaired electrons in a ground state phosphorus atom.
there are 3 p orbitals each with one unpaired electron
