Chem 121 Chapter 1&2
Which statement about the modern periodic table is FALSE? a)Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. b)A period is a horizontal row of elements. c)A group is a vertical column of elements. d)A stepwise line separates the metals from the nonmetals; metals are to the left of the line, nonmetals are to the right of the line. e)Elements in the same period share similar chemical and physical properties.
Elements in the same period share similar chemical and physical properties.
Which of the following elements has the highest ionization energy? a)Li b)B c)O d)F e)He
He helium
What is always true for a neutral atom? a)There is an equal number of protons and neutrons. b)There is an equal number of protons and electrons. c)There is an equal number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. d)The number of protons and neutrons is an even number. e)The number of protons, neutrons, and electrons is an even number.
There is an equal number of protons and electrons
What can be said about the possibility of the existence of the hydrogen isotope represented by the symbol shown below? 2-H-2
This isotope of hydrogen is not possible because atoms of hydrogen have one proton.
When a neutral atom gains one or more electrons, what type of particle is formed? a) an anion b) an isotope c) a proton d) a positron e) a cation
an anion
What is a hypothesis?
an attempt to explain an observation in a common sense way
Atoms with the biggest radii occur in the _______ region of the periodic table. a)bottom left b)top right c)bottom right d)top left e)middle
bottom left
Which branch of science primarily involves the study of matter and the changes it undergoes? A) biology D) chemistry B) technology E) All of the choices are correct. C) physics
chemistry
Which of the following is NOT a type of mixture? A) homogeneous B) heterogeneous C) solution D) compound E) all of the above are types of mixtures
compound
What term is used to describe atoms of the same element that have different masses? a)radioactive b)constituents c)isotopes d)telomers e)isomers
isotopes
Which of the following accounts for the fact that chlorine has an atomic mass of 35.45 amu rather than a whole number? a)isotopes b)electrons c)protons d)radioactivity e)isomers
isotopes
Which statement explains why isotopes have different mass numbers? a)Isotopes differ in the number of protons each contains. b)Isotopes differ in the number of electrons each contains. c)Isotopes differ in the number of neutrons each contains. d)Isotopes differ in the number of protons and neutrons each contains. e)Isotopes differ in the number of protons and electrons each contains.
isotopes differ in the number of neutrons each contains.
What term is used for the elements straddling the "staircase" boundary between the metals and nonmetals? a)transition elements b)metalloids c)cations d)lanthanides e)noble gases
metalloids
Which is the summary of a large amount of scientific information?
scientific law
What method used by scientists is the systematic approach to the discovery of new information?
scientific method
The identity of an atom is determined by which of the following? a)the number of electrons it contains b)its mass number c)the number of isotopes it has d)the number of protons it contains e)the number of protons and neutrons it contains
the number of protons it contains
What are valence electrons? a)the electrons located in the nucleus of an atom b)the interior electrons, located closest to the nucleus c)the outermost electrons in an atom d)the electrons with the lowest energy in an atom e)the total number of electrons in an atom
the outermost electrons in an atom
Which period contains the element sodium? a)one b)two c)three d)five e)eleven
three
What property of light is defined by the distance between identical points on adjacent waves? a)energy b)speed c)wavelength d)spectrum e)amplitude
wavelength
Where are the halogens located on the periodic table?
Group VIIA (17)
Which describes the basic concept of Bohr's theory of the atom? a)Atoms contain a small, dense positively charged region called the nucleus. b)The energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; it has only certain allowable values. c)Light is made up of particles called photons.
The energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; it has only certain allowable values.
What is the general name given to the elements of Group IA (1)? a)halogens b)alkali metals c)alkaline earth metals d)noble gases e)metalloids
alkali metals
Which of the following terms is most appropriate when classifying an apple? A) pure substance B) compound C) heterogeneous mixture D) homogeneous mixture E) solution
heterogeneous mixture
What is the energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom?
ionization energy
A student records the measurement 4.8 m. What type of measurement was made? A) mass B) volume C) length D) concentration E) time
length
What are the columns of elements on the periodic table called? a)groups b)shells c)periods d)metals e)rows
groups
What volume, in milliliters, will 2.00 g of air occupy if the density is 1.29 g/L?
1.55 × 10^3 mL
Which statement concerning changes in matter is FALSE? A) a physical change alters the appearance of a substance, but not its identity B) a chemical change alters the identity of a substance C) a chemical change always results in the production of a new substance D) a chemical change is also called a chemical reaction E) melting and freezing are chemical changes that change both the appearance of the substance as well as the identity of the substance
melting and freezing are chemical changes that change both the appearance of the substance as well as the identity of the substance
A bolder at the top of a hill breaks free and rolls down the hill. Which statement best represents the change in energy that occurs in this process? A) the potential energy of the boulder increases B) the potential energy of the boulder is converted to kinetic energy C) the kinetic energy of the boulder is converted to potential energy D) the chemical energy of the boulder is converted to kinetic energy E) no change in energy occurs; energy cannot be converted from one form to another
the potential energy of the boulder is converted to kinetic energy
What is density? A) the ratio of the number of particles of a substance to the volume of the solution in which it is dissolved B) the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance C) the ratio of the volume of a substance to the mass of the substance D) the ratio of the moles of a substance to the volume of the solution in which it is dissolved E) the measure of the amount of heat an object contains
the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance
1 milligram is equivalent to how many grams? A) 1000 B) 100 C) 0.1 D) 0.01 E) 0.001
0.001
Which temperature would feel the hottest? A) 100°C B) 100°F C) 100 K D) All temperatures would feel equally hot.
100C
An atom cannot be created, divided, destroyed, or converted to any other type of atom.
F
Which element is a halogen in period 4? a)bromine b)silicon c)iodine d)krypton e)potassium
bromine
Which of the following measured volumes has the most uncertainty? A) 10 mL B) 10.0 mL C) 10.00 mL D) 10.000 mL E) All values have the same degree of uncertainty
10 mL
A typical aspirin tablet contains 5.00 grains of pure aspirin analgesic compound. The rest of the tablet is starch. How many aspirin tablets can be made from 50.0 g of pure aspirin? [Use: 1.00 g = 15.4 grains]
154 tablets
Select the answer that best expresses the result of the following calculation: 1.86 + 246.4 - 79.9208 = ?
168.3
What is the ground state electron configuration of the ion S2−? a)1s22s22p63s03p4 b)1s22s22p63s23p6 c)1s22s22p63s23p2 d)1s22s22p6 e)1s22s22p63s33p5
1s22s22p63s23p6
If a person smokes 10.0 packs of cigarettes a week and each cigarette contains 5.00 mg of tar, how many years will she have to smoke to inhale 0.250 pounds of tar? [20 cigarettes = 1 pack, 1 pound = 454 g and 1 year = 52 weeks]
2.18 y
How many valence electrons are in an atom of carbon?
4
What is the number 0.0062985632 written in scientific notation to three significant figures? A) 0.006 B) 6.00 × 10−3 C) 6.29 × 10−3 D) 6.299 × 10−3 E) 6.30 × 10−3
6.30 × 10−3
How many valence electrons are present in a chloride ion, Cl−? a)5 b)7 c)8 d)17 e)18
8
Americium-241 is an isotope used in smoke detectors. What is the composition of a neutral atom of Americium-241?
95 protons, 146 neutrons, 95 electrons
What is Rutherford's important contribution to our knowledge of atomic structure? a)Atoms contain a small, dense, positively charged nucleus, surrounded largely by empty space. b)The atom cannot be created, divided, destroyed, or converted to any other type of atom. c)Electrons in an atom have the magnetic property of spin. d)Electrons are confined to certain specific regions of space outside the nucleus. e)Electrons follow circular paths around the nucleus of an atom.
Atoms contain a small, dense, positively charged nucleus, surrounded largely by empty space.
Which of the following elements is most likely to form a 2+ ion? a)Li b)K c)Al d)N e)Ca
Ca calcium
If an atom gains one electron, it becomes an anion.
T
When hydrogen (H2) and chlorine (Cl2) gases are mixed, hydrogen chloride (HCl) is produced. Hydrogen chloride is classified as what type of matter? A) an element B) a compound C) a homogeneous mixture D) a heterogeneous mixture E) a solution
a compound
Which statement concerning the scientific method is FALSE? A) the scientific method is an organized approach to solving scientific problems B) the process of explaining observed behavior begins with a hypothesis C) experimentation is conducted to either support or disprove a hypothesis D) a hypothesis becomes a theory when a single experiment supports it E) a theory explains scientific facts and can help predict new facts
a hypothesis becomes a theory when a single experiment supports it
What statement best describes an intensive property? A) a property of a substance that does not depend on the quantity of the substance present B) a property of a substance that depends on the quantity of the substance present C) a property of a substance that depends on the mass of the substance, but not the volume of the substance D) a property of a substance that depends on the physical state (solid, liquid, or gas) of the substance E) a property of a substance that changes based on the mass of the material that is present
a property of a substance that does not depend on the quantity of the substance present
The modern periodic law states that the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of what property? a)electrons b)atomic weight c)neutrons d)atomic number e)mass number
atomic number
Microwaves, light, and X-rays are all forms of electricity. a)high energy electrons. b)electron repulsion. c)electromagnetic radiation. d)radioactivity.
electromagnetic radiation
What are the three primary particles found in an atom? a)neutron, positron, and electron b)electron, neutron, and proton c)electron, proton, and nucleon d)positron, electron, and nucleon e)proton, electron, and neutrino
electron, neutron, and proton
Where is the uncertainty in the number 101.2°C? A) in the ones place B) in the tens place C) in the tenths place D) in the hundredths place E) There is no uncertainty in this number.
in the tenths place
What is the basic unit of volume in the metric system? A) milliliter B) cubic centimeter C) liter D) gram E) millimeter
liter
The ion K+ is formed by which process? a)loss of an electron by K b)gain of a proton by K c)loss of a proton by K d)gain of an electron by K e)None of these are correct.
loss of an electron by K
What does the mass number minus the atomic number represent?
number of neutrons
Conversion of ice to liquid water or liquid water to steam is an example of what kind of change? A) physical D) analytical B) chemical E) Both A and B are correct. C) molecular
physical
What type of change alters the appearance, but not the composition or identity of the substance undergoing the change? A) theoretical B) physical C) analytical D) chemical E) nuclear
physical
What kind of energy is stored as the result of position or composition? A) kinetic energy B) activation energy C) potential energy D) theoretical energy E) static energy
potential energy
What does the percent error relate more to accuracy or precision.
precision
Which physical property of an astronaut will change depending on whether he or she is on Earth or in orbit? A) mass B) weight C) volume D) all would change E) none would change
weight
When is an atom in its ground state? a)when the electrons of the atom are in the lowest possible energy levels b)when an atom loses all of its electrons to form a noble gas c)when the electrons of the atom are in the highest possible energy levels d)when an electron is promoted to a higher energy level, farther from the nucleus e)when the electrons of an atom spontaneously emit energy in the form of a photon
when the electrons of the atom are in the lowest possible energy levels
