Chem 1212 - Acids & Bases
What is amphoterism
A substance that: acts as an acid in the presence of a base, and as a base in the presence of an acid
For a base, B, how does it dissociate in water
B(aq) + H2O(l) = HB+(aq) + OH-
For an acid, HA, how does it dissociate in water
HA (aq) + H2O(l) = H3O+(aq) + A-(aq)
What are the strong acids
HBr (hydrobromic), HCl (hydrochloric), HI (hydroionic), HClO3 (chloric), HNO3 (nitric), HClO4 (perchloric), H2SO4 (sulfuric)
What are the strong bases
LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2
What is an Arrhenius acid
a compound that dissolves in water to yield hydrogen cations H+
What is an Arrhenius base
a compound that dissolves in water to yield hydroxide anions OH-
What is a Lewis acid
a species that is an electron pair acceptor
What is a Lewis base
a species that is an electron pair donor
What is the ionization constant for a strong acid
a strong acid has a larger ionization constant, so K is much greater than 1
What is the ionization constant of a weak acid
a weak acid has a small ionization constant, so K is much less than 1 (bc they only slightly ionize/dissociate)
What is the trend for K for bases
again, the stronger the base, the much greater than 1 K is; and the weaker the base, the much less than 1 K is
What do Lewis acids and bases form
coordinate covalent bonds
As Ka and Kb increase, what happens to pKa and pKb
it decreases; pK = -log(k)
A base is a ________
proton acceptor
An acid is a _______
proton donor
What is the relationship between weak acids and bases and percent ionization
the more diluted the solution, the higher the percent ionization
What is percent ionization
the ratio of the concentration of the ionized acid/base to the initial concentration, times 100
What does the strength of an acid depend upon
the strength of its conjugate base. HA's strength depends on its conjugate base A-
What is the relationship between acid strength and percent ionization
the stronger the acid/base, the higher percent ionization
How are Ka and Kb related
they are inversely related; the larger the Kb (stronger the base), the smaller the Ka (the weaker the acid) of its conjugate acid; the reverse is also true. The smaller the Kb (the weaker the base), the larger the Ka (the stronger the acid) of its conjugate acid
What are the conjugates of weak acids and weak bases
weak bases and weak acids, respectively