Chem 1510 Chapter 2

what is the charge of the monatomic cation usually formed by Ag?

1+

what is the charge of the monatomic cation usually formed by Cd?

2+

what is the charge of the monatomic cation usually formed by Zn?

2+

How many electrons are present in the ion Se2−7934Se2-3479?

36

How does Dalton's atomic theory account for the fact that different samples of the same compound always contain a fixed mass percentage of its component elements?

A given compound always contains a fixed ratio of its component elements.

Which of the following correctly defines a covalent bond?

A pair of electrons shared between 2 nuclei

Which of the following options correctly describe covalent compounds? Select all that apply. A. A covalent compound is formed when electrons are shared. B. The smallest unit of a covalent compound is called a molecule. C. A covalent compound is composed of oppositely charged ions. D. Covalent compounds form when a metal bonds to a nonmetal.

A, B

Which of the following formulas for ionic compounds are correct? Select all that apply. A. Ca3N2 B. Na2S C. CaO D. Mg2O E. AgCl2

A, B, C

Which of the following formulas for ionic compounds are written correctly? Select all that apply. A. Mg3(PO4)2 B. CaCO3 C. NaNO3 D. KSO4 E. Na(OH)

A, B, C

Which of the following options correctly describe Dalton's atomic theory? Select all that apply. A. Atoms of the same element are identical. B. All matter consists of atoms. C. Compounds result from the combination of a specific ratio of atoms of different elements. D. Atoms combine randomly to form a given compound. E. Atoms of one element can be converted into atoms of another element.

A, B, C

Which of the following statements correctly describe isotopes? Select all that apply. A. Isotopes have similar chemical properties. B. Isotopes of the same element have the same element symbols. C. Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons. D. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same mass. E. Isotopes have different numbers of protons.

A, B, C

Which transition metals usually form only one monoatomic cation? Select all that apply. A. Ag B. Zn C. Cd D. Fe E. Cu

A, B, C

Which of the following options correctly describe how acids are named? Select all that apply. A. Binary acids have the prefix hydro- to specify that they contain hydrogen. B. Oxoacids are named similarly to oxoanions except the suffix is changed from -ate to -ic and -ite to -ous. C. Acids are named by giving the nonmetal name and then the root of the second ion. D. Binary acids contain the nonmetal root and then the suffix -ic.

A, B, D

Which of the following options correctly describe how straight-chain alkanes are named? Select all that apply. A. Meth-, eth-, prop-, and but- are the root names for alkanes with one, two, three, and four carbons, respectively. B. Larger alkanes are named according to the Greek prefixes. C. Alkanes are named with the root based on the number of hydrogen atoms followed by the suffix -ane. D. Alkanes are named with the root based on the number of carbon atoms followed by the suffix -ane. E. Alkanes are named with the root based on the number of atoms followed by -ide. F. Alkanes are named with the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms followed by the suffix -ane.

A, B, D

Which of the following correctly describe atomic structure? Select all that apply. A. The nucleus comprises a very small fraction of the total volume of the atom B. The number of neutrons in the nucleus equals the number of protons. C. The protons and neutrons together comprise most of the mass of the atom D. The electrons comprise the nucleus of the atom E. The number of protons equals the number of electrons in the neutral atoms

A, C, E

Which of the following options correctly describe how to determine the charge on a monatomic ion using the periodic table? Select all that apply. A. The charge of most transition metal cations cannot readily be predicted from the periodic table. B. For anions, the ion charge equals the A-group number plus 8. C. Ca is in Group 2A and therefore forms the Ca2+ ion. D. For anions, the ion charge equals the B-group number. E. For main-group cations, the ion charge equals the A-group number.

A, C, E

Which of the following options describe the correct format used to represent an ionic compound? Select all that apply. A. The number of atoms/ions in the formula is indicated by a subscript. B. Charges must be specifically written in the formula for an ionic compound. C. Subscripts in the formula for an ionic compound are usually reduced to the simplest ratio. D. A subscript refers to the element following it. E. In the formula of an ionic compound, the cation is always placed first.

A, C, E

Which of the following statements correctly describe the bonding in NaCl, which is an ionic compound? Select all that apply. A. Ionic bonds generally form when a metal bonds to a nonmetal. B. Cl loses an electron to form the anion Cl-. C. Na loses an electron to form the cation Na+. D. Na+ and Cl- ions share electrons to form a stable compound. E. The attraction between the oppositely charged ions is called the ionic bond.

A, C, E

Consider the formula for the ionic compound Na2O. Which of the following statements correctly interpret this formula? Select all that apply. A. The cation in this compound is Na+. B. The compound consists of Na2O molecules. C. Charges are not included because they have been neutralized. D. The compound contains 2 Na+ ions for every O2- ion. E. The subscript 2 refers to the number of O atoms/ions in the formula.

A, D

Molecule

An independent structure consisting of two or more atoms covalently bonded together.

Which of the following ion combinations will result in an ionic compound that has a balanced number of positive and negative charges? Select all that apply. A. K+ and O2- B. Ca2+ and 2 F- C. 2 Li+ and S2- D. Na+ and Br- E. Mg2+ and Cl-

B, C, D

Which of the following options correctly describe how to calculate a molecular or formula mass for a compound? Select all that apply. A. In a formula such as N2O, the atomic masses of both elements should be multiplied by 2. B. The atomic mass of a cation or anion is practically the same as the mass of the neutral element. C. In a formula such as Ca(NO3)2, all the numbers of atoms inside the parentheses must be multiplied by 2 because of the subscript 2. D. The formula/molecular mass is given by the sum of the masses of the component elements in the correct proportions.

B, C, D

Which of the following statements correctly describe the formation of binary ionic compounds? Select all that apply. A. A binary ionic compound forms by the sharing of electrons between nonmetals. B. The metal atoms transfer electrons to the nonmetal atoms. C. A binary ionic compound results from the combination of anions and cations. D. A binary ionic compound typically forms when a metal reacts with a nonmetal.

B, C, D

The atomic mass unit _______. A. is based on the mass of an electron B. is often abbreviated as amu C. is based on the mass of a hydrogen atom, which contains only 1 proton D. is based on the mass of an atom of C612C612 E. has units of grams

B, D

Which of the following options are correct names for ionic compounds? Select all that apply. A. Calcium difluoride B. Potassium chloride C. Sodium(I) bromide D. Copper(II) oxide E. Chromium sulfide

B, D

Which of the following options correctly describe how to name an ionic compound? Select all that apply. A. The ion with the higher charge is always named first. B. For a monatomic anion, the element name is changed to end in -ide. C. For a monatomic cation, the element name is changed to end in -ide. D. The cation is named first and the anion second. E. Greek prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms of a particular element present.

B, D

Which of the following combinations of elements would form an ionic bond? Select all that apply, A. Nitrogen and hydrogen B. Sodium and chlorine C. Sulfur and oxygen D. Calcium and oxygen E. Carbon and bromine F. Iron and sulfur

B, D, F

Which of the following statements correctly describe the atomic number of an element? Select all that apply. A. The atomic number is represented by the symbol A. B. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus. C. The atomic number of an element varies depending on the number of electrons present. D. The atomic number equals the number of neutrons present in the atom. E. Each element has its own unique atomic number.

B, E

Which of the following formulas correctly identify the usual form of each element at room temperature? Select all that apply. A. B2 B. S2 C. P4 D. O2 E. Cl2

C, D, E

Which of the following nonmetals exist as diatomic molecules at room temperature? Select all that apply. A. Carbon B. Phosphorus C. Nitrogen D. Oxygen E. Fluorine

C, D, E

Which of the following options correctly describe the arrangement of the periodic table? Select all that apply. A. The groups are numbered 1 to 7. B. Elements in the modern periodic table are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass. C. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties. D. The elements in the upper right portion of the periodic table are nonmetals. E. The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called periods.

C, D, E

Which of the following statements correctly describe an element? Select all that apply. A. The properties of an atom of a specific element depend on the source of that element. B. An element can be broken down into simpler substances. C. An element may consist of two or more of the same atoms bonded together. D. An element cannot contain bonded atoms. E. An element consists of only one kind of atom.

C, E

molecular formula

Element symbols w/ numerical subscripts to give the actual # of atoms of each element in a molecule.

Which of the following is the correct symbol for the oxide anion, which has a charge of -2?

O^2-

Common name for NH3

ammonia

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same _____ number but a different _____ number. This is because isotopes have the same number of protons but a different number of _____.

atomic, mass, neutrons

Dalton's atomic theory stated that matter consists of tiny indestructible particles called _________ which combine in definate ratios to form __________.

atoms, compounds

When naming a binary covalent compound, the number of _________ of each element is indicated by a Greek numerical ________. The first element in the name is numbered only when more than _________atom of that element is present.

atoms, prefix, one

Most elements occur in compounds combined with other elements by forming chemical _______, which are formed by the interaction of the __________ of the atoms involved.

bonds, electrons

When naming an ionic compound, the _________ is always named first. To name the anion, the root of the nonmetal name is added to the suffix -______. The anion O2- is therefore named ________.

cation, -ide, oxide

Two atoms may bond by sharing electrons. This type of bond is called a(n) ______ bond.

covalent

Mass is conserved in a chemical reaction. This observation is reflected in Dalton's postulate that atoms cannot be _________ or destroyed, or changed into other types of atoms. Since each type of atom has its own ________ atomic mass, the total mass cannot change in a chemical reaction.

created, fixed

The charged particle that forms when an atom, or small group of atoms, loses or gains one or more ________ , is called an ion. An ion with a positive charge is called a(n) __________, while an ion with a negative charge is a(n) ______________.

electrons, cation, anion

The anion formed by the element fluorine is called _______, and the anion formed by the element chlorine is called _________.

fluoride, chloride

Formula and molecular masses are calculated using the chemical _________of the relevant compound, and the atomic masses obtained from the _________ table. The __________of the atomic masses in the correct proportions gives the formula or molecular mass of the compound.

formula, periodic, sum

An ionic bond is stronger for ions with _____ charges and _____ size.

higher, smaller

Binary acids are named with the prefix _____ and the suffix _____.

hydro-, -ic

Main-group cations

ion charge equals the A group number

Elements combine in two general ways. In _____ compounds electrons are transfered from one element to the other, while in _____ compounds the electrons are shared between the atoms.

ionic, covalent

The formula of a(n)_______ compound represents the simplest ratio of the relative numbers of cations and anions present. The ratio is called the formula __________ of the compound.

ionic, unit

What is the correct name of the ionic compound Li3N?

lithium nitride

Al (atomic number 13) _____ 3 electrons to form the Al3+ ion, which therefore contains a total of _____ electrons.

loses, 10

Lithium bromide (LiBr) is an ionic compound. The metal lithium __________ an electron to form the cation Li+ and the nonmetal bromine _________an electron to form the anion Br-. The ions are held together by a strong ________ attraction in a 3D array called a crystal lattice.

loses, gains, ionic

Ions with higher charges attract or repel each other _____ strongly than ions with lower charges. Ions with higher charges therefore form ionic bonds with _____ strength. Larger ions attract or repel each other _____ strongly than smaller ions. Larger ions therefore form ionic bonds with _____ strength.

more, greater, less, lower

An atom is composed of a very dense central _________containing ___________, which are positively charged, and neutrons, which have __________electrical charge.

nucleus, protons, neutral

The elements in the modern periodic table are arranged in order of increasing atomic _______.The vertical columns of the table are called ________ or families, and the horizontal rows are called __________.

number, groups, periods

The atomic mass unit is defined as _______.

one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom

An ionic compound is formed when ions of __________charge attract. An ionic compound is __________ overall even though it contains charged particles; therefore it must contain equal numbers of positive and negative ___________.

opposite, neutral, charges

An element is the simplest form of matter that has unique _______ and chemical properties. An element consists of only one kind of ________.

physical, atom

Each element has a unique number of __________, which is called the atomic number. For an electrically neutral atom, this number is also equal to the number of ___________ present.

protons, electrons

Covalent compounds form when elements _____ electrons, which usually occurs between _____. A covalent compound is electrically neutral and is composed of individual units called _____.

shares, nonmetals, molecules

space-filling model

shows an accurately scaled image of the molecule w/ spheres giving the relative size of the atoms, angles, and distance b/t nuclei

ball and stick model

shows the atoms as balls and the bonds as sticks w/ the angles b/t the bonds accurate

structural formula

shows the relative placement and connections of atoms in the molecule with either pairs of dots for electroms or a line to represent the bonds.

What is the correct systematic name for the compound Na2CO3?

sodium carbonate

The compound MgS is correctly named magnesium ________.

sulfide

To represent an ion, the charge on the ion is written as a right _____ next to the element symbol. If the charge is a number other than one, the number is usually written _____ the positive or negative sign.

superscript, before

Anions

the ion charge is calculated by subtracting 8 from the group number

Formula Unit

the simplest ratio representing the relative number of cations and anions in an ionic compound

Common name for H2O

water