Chem

In the reaction: N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃ . What is the coefficient of H₂ in the balanced equation? 1 2 3 4

3

The ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) is formed when ammonia (NH₃) reacts with: Water Hydroxide ion A proton (H⁺) A chloride ion

A proton (H⁺)

What is the electronegativity of fluorine? A) 3.98 B) 2.54 C) 4.24 D) 3.44

A) 3.98

What is the symbol for gold on the periodic table? A) Au B) Ag C) Ga D) Gd

A) Au

Which group of elements has the lowest electronegativity? Halogens Alkali metals Noble gases Transition metals

Alkali metals

What is the main source of light for growing plants in space? Natural sunlight through windows Artificial grow lights Reflective surfaces Fluorescent ceiling lights

Artificial grow lights

What is the atomic number of carbon? A) 4 B) 6 C) 8 D) 12

B) 6

Electronegativity decreases as you move: A) Up a group B) Down a group C) Left to right across a period D) None of the above

B) Down a group

Which element has the highest electronegativity? A) Oxygen B) Fluorine C) Chlorine D) Nitrogen

B) Fluorine

Which of the following elements is classified as a transition metal? A) Sodium B) Iron C) Chlorine D) Calcium

B) Iron

Electronegativity generally increases as you move: A) Down a group B) Left to right across a period C) Left to right within a group D) Up a group

B) Left to right across a period

Which of the following elements is least likely to form an ionic bond due to its low electronegativity? A) Fluorine B) Sodium C) Oxygen D) Chlorine

B) Sodium

A polar covalent bond occurs when the electronegativity difference between two atoms is: 0 Greater than 2 Between 0.5 and 1.7 Less than 0.5

Between 0.5 and 1.7

How could developing recyclable materials impact our long-term plans for living on Earth? By increasing landfill waste By decreasing the need for new raw materials By making products more expensive By reducing recycling rates

By decreasing the need for new raw materials

Which of the following elements is a halogen? A) Neon B) Phosphorus C) Chlorine D) Potassium

C) Chlorine

Which of the following elements is a noble gas? A) Nitrogen B) Oxygen C) Helium D) Carbon

C) Helium

Which of the following elements is the least electronegative? Fluorine (F) Calcium (Ca) Oxygen (O) Nitrogen (N)

Calcium (Ca)

What is the main pigment involved in photosynthesis? Chlorophyll Carotene Hemoglobin Melanin

Chlorophyll

Which pigment is primarily responsible for absorbing light during photosynthesis? Carotenoids Chlorophyll Anthocyanins Xanthophylls

Chlorophyll

Where does the process of photosynthesis primarily occur in plant cells? Nucleus Mitochondria Chloroplasts Ribosomes

Chloroplasts

What type of bonding occurs between the nitrogen and hydrogen atoms in ammonia (NH₃)? Covalent bonding Ionic bonding Metallic bonding Hydrogen bonding

Covalent bonding

Which of the following trends is true regarding electronegativity? Electronegativity increases as you go down a group. Electronegativity increases as you go across a period from left to right. Electronegativity remains constant across periods. Electronegativity decreases as you go from right to left across a period.

Electronegativity increases as you go across a period from left to right.

Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) is commonly used in: Medicine Rocket fuel Fertilizers Disinfectants

Fertilizers

Which of the following is used to help plants grow in space? Hydroponics Soil from Earth Traditional farming techniques Sand

Hydroponics

Which of the following is an important use of ammonia in agriculture? As a disinfectant As a pesticide In the synthesis of fertilizers In the production of synthetic dyes

In the synthesis of fertilizers

The greater the difference in electronegativity between two atoms, the more likely the bond will be: Covalent Ionic Polar covalent Metallic

Ionic

What role does chlorophyll play in the photosynthesis process? It stores energy It absorbs light energy It transports water It releases oxygen

It absorbs light energy

What is one major environmental impact of plastic waste if not properly recycled? It decomposes quickly and enriches the soil. It releases oxygen into the atmosphere. It contributes to ocean pollution and harms marine life. It increases the fertility of agricultural lands.

It contributes to ocean pollution and harms marine life.

Which of the following is a key characteristic of the ammonium ion (NH₄⁺)? It has a trigonal pyramidal shape. It has a positive charge. It has one lone pair of electrons on nitrogen. It contains an unpaired electron on nitrogen

It has a positive charge.

What is the trend for electronegativity as you move across a period from left to right? It decreases It increases It stays the same It fluctuates

It increases

What is the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis? It provides energy for the plant It is used to make glucose It is used to create oxygen It breaks down glucose

It is used to make glucose

What is one challenge of growing plants in space? Lack of sunlight Too much gravity Lack of soil Excessive water supply

Lack of soil

In which direction does electronegativity increase on the periodic table? Left to right and top to bottom Right to left and top to bottom Left to right and bottom to top Right to left and bottom to top

Left to right and bottom to top

What type of bond is formed between two metal atoms? Ionic bond Covalent bond Metallic bond Polar covalent bond

Metallic bond

Which of the following pairs of atoms is most likely to form an ionic bond? H and Cl O and F Na and Cl C and H

Na and Cl

If the electronegativity difference between two atoms is small, the bond formed between them is most likely: Ionic Nonpolar covalent Polar covalent Metallic

Nonpolar covalent

What is the result of a polar covalent bond? Electrons are shared equally between the atoms. One atom donates an electron to the other atom. One atom pulls electrons more strongly, creating partial charges. Atoms form a lattice structure of ions

One atom pulls electrons more strongly, creating partial charges.

Which of the following is a by product during photosynthesis? water Oxygen glucose hydrogen

Oxygen

Which of these molecules is produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis? Nitrogen Oxygen Water Methane

Oxygen

Which of the following elements is most likely to form a covalent bond? Sodium (Na) Oxygen (O) Magnesium (Mg) Calcium (Ca)

Oxygen (O)

Which of the following is the charge of the nucleus of an atom? A) Positive B) negative C)neutral D) positive and negative

Positive

. Which of the following is a sustainable energy source that could be used in space habitats? Fossil fuels Nuclear energy Solar power Natural gas

Solar power

What is the first step in the plastic recycling process? Melting the plastic Sorting the plastic by type Shredding the plastic Washing the plastic

Sorting the plastic by type

Which molecule is the primary source of energy for photosynthesis? Oxygen Glucose Sunlight Carbon dioxide

Sunlight

Electronegativity generally decreases as you move down a group because: The atomic size decreases The number of protons decreases The atomic size increases The nuclear charge decreases

The atomic size increases

The bond character in a molecule is determined by: The sum of the atomic masses of the atoms involved The difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms The number of atoms involved in bonding The molecular shape of the molecule

The difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms

What is one potential benefit of using recyclable materials in space exploration? They are cheaper to produce than non-recyclable materials. They reduce the need to transport materials from Earth. They are more durable than traditional materials. They require less energy to manufacture.

They reduce the need to transport materials from Earth.

What is the primary purpose of photosynthesis in plants? To produce oxygen for animals To convert light energy into chemical energy To absorb carbon dioxide To produce chlorophyll

To convert light energy into chemical energy

Why is it important to grow plants in space? To improve air quality To provide food for astronauts To decorate spacecraft To produce oxygen for machines

To provide food for astronauts

Which of the following is a reactant during photosynthesis? Glucose Oxygen Carbon Oxide Water

Water

Which of the following compounds would you expect to be most soluble in water? a) NaCl b) CO₂ c) CH₄ d) N₂

a) NaCl

What is the electronegativity difference (ΔEN) between hydrogen (EN = 2.20) and chlorine (EN = 3.16)? a) 0.96 b) 1.96 c) 0.16 d) 0.26

b) 1.96

Which of the following pairs of elements will form a covalent bond? a) Magnesium and chlorine b) Hydrogen and oxygen c) Sodium and bromine d) Calcium and fluorine

b) Hydrogen and oxygen

Which of the following molecules would exhibit the greatest polarity? a) CO₂ b) H₂O c) O₂ d) CH₄

b) H₂O

Electronegativity refers to an atom's ability to: a) Gain electrons b) Lose electrons c) Attract electrons in a chemical bond d) Form covalent bonds

c) Attract electrons in a chemical bond

Which statement about electronegativity trends is true? a) Electronegativity increases as you move down a group. b) Electronegativity decreases as you move across a period. c) Electronegativity increases as you move across a period. d) Electronegativity is unrelated to atomic size.

c) Electronegativity increases as you move across a period.

Which of the following molecules contains a polar covalent bond? a) O₂ b) CO₂ c) H₂O d) N₂

c) H₂O

When two atoms with significantly different electronegativities bond, what type of bond is most likely formed? a) Nonpolar covalent bond b) Polar covalent bond c) Ionic bond d) Metallic bond

c) Ionic bond

Which type of bond is most commonly found between metals? a) Ionic bond b) Covalent bond c) Metallic bond d) Polar covalent bond

c) Metallic bond