Chem A103

Boyle's Law Deals with which two variables? What is the relaHonship between these two variables? A scuba diver exhales 3.5L of air while swimming at a depth of 20 meters where the pressure is 3 atm. By the Hme the gas rises to the surface (1 atm) what is its volume?

Volume and Pressure The volume of a gas decreases proportionately as its pressure increases. 10.5L

• What happens to to molecules when sunshine hits the compound you named above?

4. CO2 is a greenhouse gas. It absorbs some of the heat and radiation that is reflected off the surface of the Earth from the sun and which in turn increases the heat within the atmosphere.

If you have 300 grams of CO2 how many MOLECULES do you have?

4.105x10^24 molecules CO2

If you have 5 x 1015 MOLECULES of methane how many grams do you have?

4.105x10^24 molecules CO2

What is represented by this version of the periodic table?

Electronegativity

Gay-Lussac's law (also known as ___________'s Law): Deals with which two variables? What is the relaHonship between these two variables? What does the inside pressure become if an aerosol can with iniHal pressure of 4.5 atm is heated in a fire from room temperature (20 degrees C) to 600 degrees C?

amonton Pressure and temperature The pressure of a fixed amount of gas at constant volume is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature. 13atm

Tell how each of the following factors influences solubility nature of the solute and solvent amount of solvent temperature pressure

amount of solvent affects solubility by its quantity. for example if there is limited supply of solvent we would reach saturation much faster than with alot more solvent. Higher temperature increases solubility More pressure increases solubility

Name the following acids 1. H3PO4 2. HBr

phospohric acid and Hydrobromic acid

Why is ocean acidificaHon associated with climate change? Where was the video filmed? What happens when carbonic acid dissociates? Why is this a problem?

Increased carbon dioxide and decrease in pH has a negative effect on embryos to survive. Kodiak Carbonate decreases and the ability for shells and skeletons and increases H+. Inability for sea life to thrive

Compare and contrast a neutral soluHon from a buffered soluHon. What components make up a buffer soluHon? Give an example of a soluHon in nature that is buffered.

It means that water can be a base or acid (amphoteric) while auto ionization is where some molecule within water become acidic and donate protons to other h2o molecules who react as bases forming hydroxide and hydronium ions This means that with water can be used to determine an unknown substance to be acidic or a base

We discussed 4 types of intermolecular forces, please name them in order or strength? Are any of these stronger than within molecular forces? How do you know this?

London dispersion Hydrogen DipoleIon

Write the formulas for • dinitrogen pentoxide • calcium oxide • silicon hexaflouride • calcium hypochlorite

N2O5 CaO ‎SF6 Ca(ClO)2

Give a definiHon for pressure, then tell 2 ways we use it in everyday life, and finally tell 3 different units that measure pressure.

Pressure is a force that is measured per unit area and has several units it can be measured with. 1. atm 2. mmHg 3. lbs/sq inch 4.Kpa We use pressure everyday, for example when flying on a plane, when we use our vehicles ( chamber pressure), also for weather detection.

We listened to a story about a chemical spill. Where was it and what chemical was involved? What did the water smell like?

We listened to one in charleston, west virginia it was a chemical that is made to breakdown coal but there were not any exact details on smell or what exact chemical was involved.

Describe the difference between a covalent and ionic bond. Next, predict if the following pairs are ionic, covalent, or polar covalent - describe how you determine this information: • ClF • MgO • KI • O2

0-0.4 = covalent 0.5-1.7 = polar covalent more than 1.7 = ionic To determine this I have to take the difference of the electronegativity from the two atoms. ClF = 1.0 = polar covalent MgO = 2.3 = ionic KL = 1..7 = plar covalent O2 = 0 = covalent

• Carbon has a special ability to grasp other elements, what different types of structures can carbon form

1.Carbon has 4 points of attachment meaning it likes to grab onto other atoms. It is capable of making different types of bonds and according to the video, "has an almost limitless amount of structures it can form."

• How are fossil fuels formed?

2. All life contains carbon. Fossil fuels are formed over millions of years as described in the video, creatures that are full of carbon atoms die and that carbon is collected at the bottom of seabeds. Carbon forms tight & energetic connections and under the right amount of "pressure" and time, fossil fuels are formed.

Use the word equation to write the equation as a formula don't forget to indicate the state of each product and reactant. Then balance the reaction. Finally, what is the molar mass of hydrogen sulfide? Hydrogen sulfide gas is responsible for the odor of rotten eggs. Hydrogen sulfide burns in air, producing sulfur dioxide gas and water vapor

2H2S (g) + 3O2 (g) --> 2SO2 (g) + 2H2O (g)

Define each term, then compare and contrast them the two terms, how are they alike and how are they different: Solute and Solvent Concentrated and dilute Miscible and immiscible

A solute (solid/gases {CO2& h2O}) is a substance that dissolved in a solvent (liquid/gas) like water. A solute can be sugar, salt or other like substances that dissolved in a solvent which can be water, acids or bases. The product is a mixture/basic solution. Concentrated and Dilute Both revolve around the quantities of solute and solvent and rule the end mixture/solution properties. Dilute consist of excess Solvent (i.e. water) and concentration revolves around reduced solvent. This results in an inverse proportion of the solute which decreases concentration in excess solvent and increase with reduced amount of solvent. Miscible and Immiscible Miscible is the ability of a solute to completely dissolve in a solvent for example sugar and water. Immiscible is where they don't mix at all, kind of like water and oil. All of these terms revolve around mixture and solution properties. Solute and solvent the main 2 ingredients of a solution. Concentration and dilution revolve around the solute and are inversely proportionate. Miscible and immiscible pertain to the solvent and having the properties to complete mix together.

Name the following: what are the rules for naming these types of compounds? • SO3 • S2O7 • BF3

A. First you have to classify the compound. Is it a type I or II which are known as binary and contain a metal & nonmetal. Type 3 is a compound with 2 nonmetals, and acids are an H combined with a nonmetal. B. In naming the binary compound you place the cation (+ ion) first and then the anion(- ion) second. In the simple form, the anion adds an "ide" to the end the second element name. C. With subscripts present, add a prefix to the compound it's attached to. "Mono" in front of the first element is assumed.1. Sulfur trioxide 2. Dissulfur heptaoxide3. Boron trifluoride

Please idenHfy the acid, the base, the conjugate acid and the conjugate base in the following equaHon HCl + NH3 --> NH4 + + Cl-

According to Bronsted-Lowry the acid is HCl as it donates proton (H ion) to NH3 (base) as it accepts the proton. Which at the end makes Cl- a conjugate base of HCl and NH4+ being the conjugate acid of the NH3- base.

The pH of ammonia NH3 is 12 is this acidic or basic? Whose definiHon of acids and bases works with ammonia? What would we look for to know if NH3 is a strong or a weak base?

Basic Bronsted-lowery A strong base has a weak conjugate acid, while a weak base has a strong conjugate acid. The conjugate acid of NH3 is NH4+, which is a strong conjugate acid. Therefore NH3 is a weak base.

Charles' Law Deals with which two variables? What is the relaHonship between these two variables? What degree celsius temperature is required to increase the volume of a sealed balloon from 2 to 3 Liters if the initial temperature is 15 degrees C

Charles' Law revolved around the temperature and volume of gases. It states that they are balance (1:1) so if one changes so does the other. 159 degrees C

• Which element does carbon really like? What compound do they form together?

3. Carbon especially like oxygen & combines to form carbon dioxide.

2NH3 + 3CuO N2 + 3Cu + 3H2O If 25 grams of NH3 is combined with 45 grams of CuO, then what is the theoretical yield of water?

40g H2O (rounded up from 39.6 for significant figures) from NH3and 10g H20 (rounded down from 10.2 for sig figs)from CuOTheoretical yeild would be 10g H20

Now that you know the theoretical yield of water if the actual yield was 5.98 grams what is the percent yield?

5.98g/10g= .598g x 100%= 59.8% yield H20

Now that you know the theoretical yield if the actual yield was 6.43 grams of nitrogen gas what is the percent yield?

6.43g/10.6g=.607= 60.7% yield N

Why is the terminology "reduction and oxidation" a poor choice of wording for what is happening in a redox reaction? What was added to silver nitrate to form a precipitate? and what was formed?

Because reduction is what happens when a substance gains electrons, the opposite of what it means to reduce.salt water was added. it formed silver chloride

What are 3 external signs that you can use to determine that a chemical reaction has taken place?

Bleaching (decolorizing or lightening of a material)Combustionand Corrosion are 3 external signs that a redox reaction has taken place.

Describe the difference between electronic shape and molecular shape.

Both describe the shape of atoms. When you change from bonding to lone pair the shape becomes different from the electronic geometry which gives it a new shape and name as molecular geometry

2NH3 + 3CuO N2 + 3Cu + 3H2O If 18.1 grams of NH3 is combined with 90.4 grams of CuO, then what is the theoretical yield of nitrogen gas?

For NH3 the theoretical yeild of N2 would be 14.9g of N2and for CuO the theoretical yeild of N2 would be 10.6g N2So going with the limiting reagent of CuO the theoretical yeild would be 10.6g N2 18.1g NH3/17.02= 1.06mol/ 2= .5317x28= 14.88g90.4/79.5=1.13/3mol=.379x28=10.6g

Water is an amphoteric substance and it undergoes autoionizaHon, what do these two terms mean about water?

It means that water can be a base or acid (amphoteric) while auto ionization is where some molecule within water become acidic and donate protons to other h2o molecules who react as bases forming hydroxide and hydronium ions. This means that with water can be used to determine an unknown substance to be acidic or a base

Write this equation in words don't forget to indicate the state of each reactant and product. CH4(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(l)

Methane gas burns in air to create carbon dioxide gas and liquid water.

What is the name of NaOH, what are the rules for naming this type of compound?

Sodium Hydroxide. It is an inorganic compound (dealing with molecules lacking carbon)

Give the Lewis Structure of the following 4 elements, tell how you know these are correct and what is the significance of these dots: • potassium • boron • helium • carbon

The Lewis Structure tells us about the number of valence electrons in an element. A valence electron is an electron of an atom that is found within the outermost shell of the atom, and can be transferred to or shared with another atom. The significant of the dots in the Lewis Structure is that they dots sympbolize the number of valence electrons, which are essential in the formation of chemical bonding in elements. Valence electrons are detemined by the Group number that the element is located within from groups 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A. The Lewis Structure for: Potassium: .K 1A (1 Valence electron) Boron: :B. 3A (3 Valence electrons) Helium: :He (an exception to the Group/valence electron rule of 8A. You just have to memorize that it only has 2 valence electrons). Carbon: . .C. . 4A (4 Valence electrons)