Chemistry 1131 Test

Chain molecules usually bend, _______, and double back on themselves

twist

A hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrogen atoms is replaced by a ________ group is an alcohol.

-OH

______ is the result of a heated organic substance decomposing and leaving a residue.

Charring

_____ drives off moisture, volatile materials, and most impurities from coal.

Destructive distillation

_____ are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures.

Isomers

The International _____ of Pure and ______ Chemistry developed a system to name organic compounds.

Union.... applied

A _____ reaction occurs when a double bond is broken and the electrons used in the double bond re used to form single bonds with other atoms or ions.

addition

derivative of ammonia in which one or more of the hydrocarbon atoms are replaced with an alkyl

amine

carbon-containing residue with no definite crystalline shape

amorphous carbon

An alcohol formed from a phenyl group is called an _____ alcohol.

aromatic

Carboxylic acids react with _____ in the neutralization process to produce salts.

bases

The aromatic hydrocarbons are derived from ______, whose carbon atoms are arranged in a hexagonal, ringlike structure called a ______.

benzene....benzene ring

As the number of _____ atoms in a molecular formula increases, the number of possible isomers increases.

carbon

Compounds containing the _____ anion and oxide of _______ are considered to be inorganic.

carbonate...carbon

dark brown or black solid containing amorphous carbon mixed with some organic or inorganic compounds

coal

A diamond will not conduct electricity because all its valence electrons are involved in _______ bonds

covalent

A carbon atom can form as many as four ______ with other atoms.

covalent bonds

process by which complex organic molecules are broken down by heat and sometimes by a catalyst to produce simpler organic molecules

cracking

The name of a _______________ is the same as that of its related open - chain molecule except the prefix cyclo- is added.

cycloalkane

Oxalic acid contains two carboxyl groups, making it a _____ acid.

dicarboxylic

molecule formed from the combination of two identical, simple molecules

dimer

Since alkenes have a _____ bond, an alkene with only one carbon atom is impossible.

double

Since acetic acid has two carbon atoms in its molecular structure, its parent alkane is _____, and its systematic name is _____.

ethane....ethanoic acid

An area of contamination in an otherwise clear diamond is called a ...

flaw

Hydrocarbons are divided into _____ families as determined by the type of bond between ______ in their molecules.

four...carbon atoms

When subjected to moderate pressure, a ______ becomes stronger than diamond.

fullerene

Ethanol can be made by hydrating ethene; or it can be made by fermentation of corn or barley, which is why it is also called ____.

grain alcohol

A substitution reaction occurs when a _____ atom replaces a _____ atom.

halogen....hydrogen

reaction process in which the double bond of an alkene converts to a single bond so that carbon atoms can accommodate halogen atoms

halogenation

Alkenes are prepared commercially by thermal cracking using ______, or by catalytic cracking using _____ and a _______.

heat... heat...catalyst

series of compounds in which adjacent members differ by the same group of atoms

homologous series

Benzene tends to undergo substitution reactions rather than addition reactions because of its ______ bond structure.

hybrid

Soluble organic acids produce ____ ions in water, just like inorganic acids.

hydronium

Ketones are prepared from alcohols if the alcohol does not have a _____ group attached to one of its end carbon atoms.

hydroxyl

Weak _____ forces allow graphite layers to slide past each other to give graphite a soft ______ feel.

intermolecular....slippery

Petroleum can be extracted from oil shale, which consists of an oillike substance called ... contained in porous rock

kerogen

The two main sources of hydrocarbons are _____ and _____.

natural gas....petroleum

Since an oily liquid usually forms when a halogen bonds to an alkene, alkenes are known as the ______ series.

olefin

Organic compounds will usually dissolve in _____ liquids.

organic

study of carbon and compounds containing carbon

organic chemistry

All ____ compounds contain carbon, but not all compounds that contain _____ are _____.

organic....carbon....organic

Coal was formed from decaying plant matter called ...

peat

Intense heat and pressure changed _____ into lignite. Additional heat and pressure changed lignite into ______. More heat and pressure changed ______ into _____.

peat...bituminous coal....bituminous coal....anthracite coal

Removing a hydrogen from a benzene molecule creates a ______ group.

phenyl

large molecule constructed of repeating structural units linked together.\

polymer

A resonance hybrid bond is intermediate between a ______ bond and a _____ bond.

single...double

The bonding force of the resonance bonds in graphite lies between that of a ____ bond and a _____ bond.

single...double

formula that indicates the exact number of atoms in a molecule and also shows how the atoms are bonded to each other

structural formula

Alkanes undergo combustion, ______, and ______ reactions.

substitution....dehydrogenation

A bond in a _____ bond is easier to break than one in a double bond.

triple