chemistry
electron mass number
0
neutron mass number
1
proton mass number
1
sf: 200
1
sf: 1.3x10^6
2
sf: 64
2
1.30x10^-7
3
sf: 0.00237
3
The numerical value of the speed of electromagnetic radiation in a vacuum is...
3.0x10^8 m/s
numerical value of "c" in c=yv
3.0x10^8 m/s
sf: 0.002037
4
sf: 0.00203070
6
Avogadro's number
6.022x10^23
numerical value of Planck's constant
6.626x10^-34
"l" is this quantum number...
Angular Momentum Quantum Number
The principle that states that an electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it is...
Aufbau principle
The principle that states that single electrons of hydrogen orbits the nucleus only in allowed orbits, each with a fixed energy is...
Bohr model of the atom
The basic principles of atomic theory that are still recognized today were first convinced by this scientist...
Dalton
elements that H bonds to for hydrogen bonding IMF
F,O,N
The principle that states that it is not possible to know the velocity and the position of a small particle at the same time is...
Heinsberg uncertainty principle
The principle that requires each of the p orbitals at a particular level have one electron before any of them can have two electrons...
Hund's rule
The principle that state that orbitals of equal energy are occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron is...
Hund's rule
Law that states that mass is neither destroyed nor created during ordinary chemical reactions or physical changes.
Law of Conservation of Mass
This law states that all physical and chemical changes involve energy, and that energy is either absorbed or released, but never created or destroyed. It simply assumes a different form.
Law of Energy
"m" is this quantum number...
Magnetic Quantum Number
This scientist grouped elements with similar properties together...
Mendeleev
This scientists experiment determined that approximate value of the electron's mass...
Milliken
This scientist discovered that elements with similar properties occurred at regular intervals when the elements were arranged in order of increasing atomic number...
Moseley
The principle that states that no two electrons in the same atom can have the same 4 quantum numbers is...
Pauli exclusion principle
"n" is this quantum number...
Principal Quantum Number
This scientist executed an experiment in which a small percentage of the positively charged particles bombarding the metal's surface were deflected back toward the source from the metal...
Rutherford
"m (sub) s" is this quantum number...
Spin Quantum Number
The branch of chemistry that identifies the composition of material is
analytical chemistry
A(n)...atomic radius is bigger than a neutral atom.
anion's
3.66 m2
area
The smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element is a(n)...
atom
The smallest unit of an element that has the properties of that element is a(n)...
atom
Elements are arrnged in the periodic table according to their...
atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an element is called its...
atomic number
One-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together is the...
atomic radius
good measure of IMF is...
boiling/melting point
The energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral isolated atoms is called...
bond energy
This is the distance between two bonded atoms at their minimum potential energy...
bond length
A(n)...atomic radius is smaller than a neutral atom.
cation's
An ionic bond results from electrical attraction between large numbers of...
cations and anions
measurement of volume
centimeters cube
any substance that has a definite composition
chemical
burning in air is an example of...change
chemical
change that includes a reaction during which substances are converted into other substances; involves identity change
chemical
property that describes a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances; easiest to see when substance reacts to another newer substance
chemical
This bond is a mutual electron attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds that atoms together...
chemical bond
What kind of change is burning a piece of paper?
chemical change
What kind of change is decomposing mercury oxide?
chemical change
A shorthand representation of the composition of a substance using atomic symbols and numerical subscripts is called a(n)...
chemical formula
Every pure chemical compound consists of two or more elements...
combined chemically
Chemistry is a natural science that deals with the study of
composition, structure, properties, and changes of matter
When atoms of 2 or more elements are chemically bonded, the substance formed is a(n)...
compound
a substance that it made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded
compound
This must be determined to change from one unit to another...
conversion factor
Dalton's atomic theory helped to explain the law of conservation of mass because it stated that atoms...
could not be created or destroyed
Bonding between two nonmetals...
covalent
bonding of sharing of electrons
covalent
Ionization energies generally...down a group.
decrease
If a particular compound is composed of elements A and B, the ratio of the mass of B to the mass of A will be the same. This is a statement of the law...
definite proportions
The simplest collection of atoms from which the formula of an ionic compound can be established is called a(n)...
formula unit
The energy of a photon depends on the...of the radiation
frequency
The number of waves that pass a point per second is called the...
frequency
measurement of mass
grams
The lowest energy state of an atom is called its...
ground state
Eliements in the vertical columns together form a(n)...
group
In SI, the frequency of electromagnetic radiation is measured in...
hertz (Hz)
mud is a(n)....mixture
heterogeneous
2 types of mixtures
heterogeneous and homogeneous
bigger the bond,...the energy
higher
A mixture that has the same proportion of components throughout is called...
homogeneous
When electrons change energy states, the amount of energy given off or absorbed is equal to...
hv
strongest IMF in which a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to an unshared pair of electrons of an electronegative atom in a nearby molecule
hydrogen bonding
Ionization energies generally...across a period.
increase
For each successive electron removed from an tome, the ionization energy...
increases
Within s group of elements, as the atomic number increases, the atomic radius...
increases
Electrons that are NOT in the highest occupied energy level are called...
inner-shell electrons
Melting point, boiling point, density, ability to conduct electricity and heat, malleability, and ductility are examples of this property...
intensive
property that does not depend on the amount of matter present
intensive
forces of attraction b/t molecules
intermolecular forces
relationship b/t bond energy and bond length
inverse relationship
An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge is called a(n)...
ion
Bonding between a metal and nonmetal...
ionic
Hard but brittle, high melting points, conduct electricity and dissolve in water are qualities of this compound...
ionic
bonding of giving and taking electrons to yield cations and anions
ionic
The energy required to remove an electron from an atom is called its...
ionization energy
Atoms of one element that have different masses are called...
isotopes
measurement for distance or length
kilometer
The elements with atomic number from 57-71 in the periodic table are called the...
lanthanides
This is an indication of the strength of an ionic bond...
lattice energy
energy released when one molecule of an ionic crystalline compound is formed from gaseous ions
lattice energy
When an electron drop from a higher-energy state to a lower-energy state, a(n)...spectrum is produced
line emission
weakest IMF in which electrons are in constant motion that causes uneven distribution and instantaneous dipoles
london dispersion forces
If electro magnetic radiation A has a lower frequency than electromagnetic radiation B, then compared with B, the wavelength of A is...
longer
Four basic properties of metals...
malleability, ductility, shiny, conductivity
3.5 mg
mass
Dalton's atomic theory agreed with the modern theory concept EXCEPT for the statement that all atoms of the same element have the same...
mass
The two properties that all matter has in common are...
mass and volume
Atoms of the same element can differ in...
mass number
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an isotope is called its...
mass number
The element type that is a good conductor of electricity is a(n)...
metal
Within thep-block element group, the elements at the top of the table are less...than those at the bottom.
metallic
bonding of shared sea of electrons
metallic
A chemical bond that results from the attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding the sea of electrons is called a(n)...
metallic bond
An element that has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics is a(n)...
metalloid
measurement of area
meters cube
A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties, is a(n)...
mixture
name of the mass that is numerically equal to the atomic mass of an element in atomic mass unit (amu)...
molar mass
The amount of a substance that contains a number of particles equal to the number of atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon of carbon-12 is referred to as a(n)...
mole
A neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds is called a(n)
molecule
smallest unit of an element or compound that retains all of the properties of the element or compound
molecule
The behavior of cathode rays in a glass tube containing gas at low pressure led scientists to conclude that the rays were composed of...
negative particles
A particle that has an outer main energy level fully occupied by eight electrons has a...configuration
noble gas
London dispersion forces is an IMF only for...
noble-gas atoms and non-polar molecules
If testing show an element is a poor conductos of electricity, it is a(n)...
nonmetal
covalent bond in which the bounding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge
nonpolar covalent
The short-range attractive forces that hold that nuclear particles together are called...
nuclear forces
This principle states that atoms tend to form compounds in which each atom has eight electrons in its highest occupied energy level...
octet rule
Multiple covalent bonds may form in the molecules that contain carbon, nitrogen, or...
oxygen
The law that states the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers...
periodic law
change that does not involve a change in a substance's identity
physical
property that can be observed or measured without changing the identity
physical
water boiling at 100 C is an example of a(n)...property
physical
What kind of change is melting an ice cube?
physical change
What kind of change is sharpening a pencil?
physical change
What kind of change is slicing a loaf of bread?
physical change
What kind of change is dissolving sugar in water?
physicla change
A covalent bond in which the bonded atoms have an unequal attraction for the shared electrons is called a(n)...
polar bond
covalent bond in which the bonded atoms have an unequal attraction for the shared electrons
polar covalent
A charged group of covalently bonded atoms is called a(n)...
polyatomic ion
closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made in the same way
precision
The substances that are formed by a chemical change are called the...
products
If a material is tested and every sample has exactly the same properites and the same composition, it is a(n)...
pure substance
2 types of matter
pure substance and mixture
The scientist that proposed that a "hot" object radiated energy in small, specific amounts called...
quanta
Something that has magnitude, size, or amount is...
quantity
The color of the visible spectrum with the lowest frequency is...
red
bigger the bond,....the length
shorter
The state of matter in which a material has a definite volume and a definite shape is the...
solid
Formula that indicates kind, number, arrangement, and bonds but not the unshared pairs of atoms in a molecule is called...
structural formula
22s
time
Groups 3-12 are also known as...
transition metals
The electrons available to be gained, lost, or shared int eh formation of chemical compounds are called...
valence electrons
how to find percent error...
value accepted - value experimented divided by value accepted times 100
0.75 mL
volume
The distance between corresponding points on a wave is called...
wavelength
the closeness of measurement to the correct or occupied value of quantity measured
accuracy
Group 1 elements are also known as...
alkali metals
Group 2 elements are also known as...
alkaline earth metals
1.59 g/mL
density
A molecule containing two atoms is called a(n)...
diatomic molecule
IMF that is created by equal but opposite charges that are separated by a short distance...
dipole
MF of medium strength; attraction b/t polar molecules
dipole-dipole forces
relationship b/t bond length and number of bonds
direct relationship
34.5 km
distance
A covalent bond between two atoms produced by sharing two pairs of electrons is called a(n)...
double bond
The property of being able to be drawn, pulled, or extruded through a small opening to produce a wire is called...
ductility
Any form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travel through space is called...
electromagnetic radiation
The energy change when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom is called the...
electron affinity
Most of the volume of an atom is made up of the...
electron cloud
The degree to which bonding between atoms of two elements is ionic or covalent can be determined from the differences in the...of the elements.
electronegativities
A nonpolar covalent bond is unlikely when two different atoms join because the atoms are likely to differ in...
electronegativity
The measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons is called...
electronegativity
Since any metal cathode-ray tube produced the same charged particles, it was concluded that all atoms contain...
electrons
pure substance made of only one kind of atom
element
2 types of pure substances
element and compound
16 J
energy
location of electrons in an atom
energy levels around nucleus
Volume, mass, and amount of energy in a substance are examples of this property...
extensive
mass is an example of a(n)...property
extensive
property that depends on the amount of matter that is present
extensive
