Chemistry

1.7

A bond's character is more than 50% ionic if the electronegativity difference between the two atoms is greater than

nuclei

A chemical bond between atoms results from the attraction between the valence electrons and of different atoms.

ionic bond

A chemical bond that results from the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions is called a(n)

a shared electron pair

A covalent bond consists of

polar

A covalent bond in which there is an unequal attraction for the shared electrons is

absorb and re-emit the light.

As light strikes the surface of a metal, the electrons in the electron sea

high electronegativity

Atoms with a strong attraction for electrons they share with another atom exhibit

polar covalent

Bonds that possess between 5% and 50% ionic character are considered to be

lower in potential energy

Compared with the neutral atoms involved in the formation of an ionic compound, the crystal lattice that results is

A pair of electrons is attracted to both nuclei of the two atoms bonded together.

Describe how a covalent bond holds two atoms together

The electron density is greater around the more electronegative atom, giving that part of the compound a partial negative charge. The other part of the compound has an equal partial positive charge.

Describe the electron distribution in a polar-covalent bond and its effect on the partial charges of the compound.

The force of attraction between unlike charges holds a negative ion and a positive ion together in an ionic bond.

Describe the force that holds two ions together in an ionic bond.

The difference between the electronegativity of the two atoms in a bond will determine whether the bond is ionic or covalent. If the difference in electronegativity is greater than 1.7, the bond is considered ionic.

How can electronegativity be used to distinguish between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?

The mobility of electrons in a network of metal atoms contributes to the metal's ability to conduct electricity and heat.

How does the behavior of electrons in metals contribute to the metal's ability to conduct electricity and heat?

Pairs of valence electrons repel one another.

Identify the major assumption of the VSEPR theory, which is used to predict the shape of atoms.

ionic bond

If a bond's character is more than 50% ionic, then the bond is called a(n)

polar covalent

If electrons involved in bonding spend most of the time closer to one atom rather than the other, the bond is

nonpolar covalent

If two covalently bonded atoms are identical, the bond is identified as

negative ions

In a crystal of an ionic compound, each cation is surrounded by a number of

increases

In general, the strength of the metallic bond moving from left to right on any row of the periodic table.

shared by all surrounding atoms.

In metals, the valence electrons are considered to be

The electron pairs that are not involved in bonding also take up space, creating a tetrahedron of electron pairs and making the water molecule angular or bent

In water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to one oxygen atom. Why isn't water a linear molecule?

thermal conductivity. luster. electrical conductivity.

Mobile electrons in the metallic bond are responsible for

Choose from hydrogen, boron, beryllium, phosphorus, sulfur, and xenon.

Name two elements that form compounds that can be exceptions to the octet rule

valence electrons

The electrons involved in the formation of a chemical bond are called

chemical bonds

The fact that metals are malleable and ionic crystals are brittle is best explained in terms of their

weaker than the attractive forces among formula units in ionic bonding

The forces of attraction between molecules in a molecular compound are generally

ionic character

The greater the electronegativity difference between two atoms bonded together, the greater the bond's percentage of

formula unit.

The notation for sodium chloride, NaCl, stands for one

Most metals have their outer electrons in s orbitals, while nonmetals have their outer electrons in p orbitals

Use the concept of electron configurations to explain why the number of valence electrons in metals tends to be less than the number in most nonmetals.

the s orbital and all three p orbitals from the second energy level

What orbitals combine together to form sp 3 hybrid orbitals around a carbon atom?

electronegativity

What property of the two atoms in a covalent bond determines whether or not the bond will be polar?

electronegativity difference and molecular geometry or unshared electron pairs

What two factors determine whether or not a molecule is polar?

lattice energy

What type of energy best represents the strength of an ionic bond?

do not break

When a metal is drawn into a wire, the metallic bonds