Chemistry Ch.

Which of the following elements are typically represented by their empirical formula(s) in a chemical equation? (select all that apply) 1) B 2) K 3) C 4) Rn 5) I

B, K, C, Rn (metalloids, metals, noble gases)

Which two properties give insight into the general attraction of an atom for electrons?

Electron affinity, Ionization energy

IE increases

From left to right across a period

Which of the following options correctly describe the executions to the general trend in ionization energy?

Group 3A elements have a single electronic their outermost p subshell that is easier to remove than an s electron in the same shell. Group 3A elements have lower ionization energies than 2A elements.

As we move down a group in the periodic table, both atomic and ionic radii tend to____. Comparisons of ionic radii between groups can only be adee if the species are isoelectronic. For an isoelectronic series of ions, cations are ___ than anions.

Increases, smaller

Order the following elements in terms of increasing effective nuclear charge (Zeff) starting with the element that has the lowest effective nuclear charge at the top of the list: Ca, As, Br, K

K Ca As Br

Arrange the following elements in the order of decreasing electron affinity. From greatest to least P Si O Ca

O, Si, P, Ca

Arrange the following in order of increasing ionization energies based on periodic trends. K Ca Br Rb

Rb, K, Ca, Br

List the following elements in order of increasing atomic radii (smallest to largest) I S Se Br

S, Br, Se, I

Why do atomic radii generally increase down a group on the periodic table?

The outer electrons are increasingly farther away from the nucleus and shielded more effectively by additional shells of inner electrons

Which of the following options correctly describes the reactivity of alkaline earth metals with oxygen and acid?

1) Alkaline earth metals react with oxygen to produce metal oxides 2) Ca, Sr, and Ba will undergo two different reactions in aqueous acid, not just one.

Which of the following correctly describe atomic radii of representative elements? 1) Atomic radii decrease as the effective nuclear charge decreases 2) Atomic radii generally increases as n increases 3) Atomic radii generally decrease down a group 4) atomic radii of main group elements decrease across a period

2 , 4

Which type of electrons are best at shielding a 3p electron? 1) 2p 2) 3p 3) 4p 4) 3s 5) 3d

2p

Which of the following accounts for the observation that Li, Na, K,Cs have similar chemical properties?

They have the same outer

P4O10

acidic

IE decreases

down a group

Which of the following options correctly describe the Group 8A elements?

All Group 8A elements with n>=2 have filled outer ns and np subshells Group 8A elements have very low electron affinities

ZnO

Amphoteric

List the following species in order of increasing radius, with the smallest radius at the top of the list. Li+ P3- Cl S2- Cl-

Li+ Cl Cl- S2- P3-

List the following elements in order of decreasing atomic radii (largest to smallest) B N Li He

Li, B, N, He

Which of the following statements correctly describe the periodic trends in the behavior of metals and nonmetals?

Metallic character increases down a group, Nonmetals have high electron affinities

Which of the following options correctly describe the general trends observed in the formation of ions by main group elements?

Metals tend to lose electrons to form cations, ions formed from main group elements have a noble-gas electron configuration

A species that exhibits both acidic and basic behavior is described as being

amphoteric

Nuclear charge stays the same, electron-electron repulsion increases for

anion

CaO

basic

Nuclear charge stays the same, electron-electron repulsion decreases for

cation

In the alkaline earth metal group, the first and the second ionization energies ___ from Be to Ba. These metals therefore tend to form ___ ions; hence metallic characters ___ down the alkaline earth metal group.

decreases, +2, increases

Ionization energy and electron affinity both express the general attraction of the atom for

electrons

Ionization energy generally decreases down a group because as the outermost electron moves _____ the nucleus it takes ____ energy to remove it.

farther away from; less

The ____ element of any group in the periodic table tends to differ from the other members of the group.

first

Atomic radius generally decreases from left to right across a period because the effective nuclear charge ______ while electrons are being added to the same outer level. These additional electrons are shielded ___ be inner electrons and are therefore attracted _____ strongly by the nucleus.

increases; less well; more

Noble gases are also called the _____ gases because of their great stability. The stability of noble gases has been attributed to their ____ valence ns and np shell.

inert, filled

Alkali metals have ____ ionization energies, and therefore tend to form ____ ions

low, unipositive

The outermost electrons of an element are called the ____ electrons

valence