Chemistry Chapter 8
in an equation, the symbol for a substance dissolved in water solution is
(aq)
What are the 4 indicators of a chemical reaction?
1. heat and light. 2. production of a gas. 3. formation of a precipitate. 4. color change.
In writing a formula equation for a reaction that produces hydrogen gas, the correct representation of hydrogen gas is
H2 (g)
activity series
a list of elements organized according to the ease with which the elements undergo certain chemical reactions
decomposition reaction
a single compound undergoes a reaction that produces two or more simpler substances.
precipitate
a solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in solution and that separates from the solution
combustion reaction
a substance combines with oxygen, releasing a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat
synthesis reaction
also known as a composition reaction, two or more substances combine to form a new compound
single-displacement reaction
also known as a replacement reaction, one element replaces a similar element in a compound
word equation
an equation in which the reactants and products in a chemical reaction are represented by words
an element in the activity series can replace any element
below it on the list
a chemical formula written over the arrow in a chemical equation signifies
catalysts
to balance a chemical equation, it may be necessary to adjust the
coefficients
in what kind of reaction does a single compound produce two or more simpler substances?
decomposition
the equation AX --> A + X is the general equation for a
decomposition D
the equation AX + BY --> AY + BX is the general equation for a
double displacement DD
in a chemical equation, the symbol ^ over the reaction arrow signifies that the reactants are
heated
what can be predicted by using an activity series?
if a reaction will occur
reversible reaction
is a chemical reaction in which the products re-form the original reactants
according to the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of the reacting substances
is always equal to the total mass of the products
formula equation
represents the reactants and products of a chemical reaction by their symbols or formulas.
chemical equation
represents, with symbols an formulas, the identities and relative molecular or molar amounts of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction
a chemical equation is balanced when the
same amount of each kind of atom appears in reactants and products.
which type of reaction can be predicted from the activity series?
single displacement
the equation A + BX --> AX + B is the general equation for a
single displacement SD
coefficient
small whole # that appears in front of a formula in a chemical equation
in what kind of reaction do two or more substances combine to form a new compound
synthesis
the equation A + X --> AX is the general equation for a
synthesis S
types of reactions:
synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion.
electrolysis
the decomposition of a substance by an electric current
double-displacement
the ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds