chemistry chapter 9
____________(1)______________-In the early 1800s, Dalton and others studied pairs of compounds that contain the same elements but have different ___________(2)________ properties.
(1) Law of Multiple Proportions (2)physical and chemical
____(1)____ names start with the stem of the element name and end in ___(2)____.
(1) anion (2) -ide example : two elements in Group 7A are fluorine and chlorine. The anions for these nonmetals are the fluoride ion (F-) and the chloride ion (Cl-).
To name any binary ionic compound, place the _____(1)____ name first, followed by the _____(2)______ name.
(1) cation (2) anion
the ____(1)____ ion is extremely poisonous to living systems because it BLOCKS a cell's means of *producing* ENERGY.
(1) cyanide (CN-)
nonmetals tend to ___(1)___ electrons to form anions.
(1) gain
____(1)____ compounds consist of a positive metal ion and a negative nonmetal ion combined in a proportion such that their charges add up to a net charge of ____(2)____.
(1) ionic (2) zero ----> For example, the ionic compound sodium chloride (NaCl) consists of one sodium ion (Na+) and one chloride ion (Cl-).
binary IONIC compounds are composed of the ions of two elements, a ____(1)____ and a ____(2)____.
(1) metal (2) nonmetal
Binary _____(1)_______ compounds are composed of two elements, which are nonmetals and are NOT ions. Binary ___(2)_____ compounds are composed of the ions of two elements, a metal and a nonmetal.
(1) molecular (2) ionic
Ionic compounds consist of a _____(1)_______ metal ion and a ____(2)______ nonmetal ion combined in a proportion such that their charges add up to a net charge of ____(3)_____.
(1) postive (2) negative (3) zero
In the ________(1)_________, you place a Roman numeral in parentheses after the name of the element to indicate the numerical value of the charge. *No space is left between the element name and the Roman numeral in parentheses.*
(1) stock system ------> For example, the cation Fe2+ is named iron(II) ion and is read "iron two ion."
Dalton postulated that atoms combine in simple _____(1)____-number ratios. If the ____(2)_____ of atoms of each element in a compound is fixed, then it follows that the ratio of their _______(3)____ is also fixed
(1) whole (2) ratio (3) masses
______(1)______ postulated that atoms combine in simple whole-number ratios. If the ratio of atoms of each element in a compound is ____(2)____, then it follows that the ratio of their masses is also fixed
(1)dalton (2) fixed
_________(1)__________ consist of a single atom with a positive or negative charge resulting from the loss or gain of one or more ____(2)_____ electrons, respectively.
(1)monatomic ions (2)valence
Binary MOLECULAR compounds are also composed of two elements, but both elements are ______(1)______ and are not ___(2)____.
(1)nonmetals (2) ions
Unlike a monatomic ion, a polyatomic ion is composed of more than one atom. But like a monatomic ion, a polyatomic ion behaves as a ___(1)____ and carries a ____(2)______.
(1)unit (2)charge
Transition Elements that do NOOOOTT require Roman Numerals
- zinc(Zn2+) - cadmium (Cd2+) - silver (Ag+)
Metals that form more than one cation are named by adding a _______(1)______ in parentheses to indicate the value of the charge after the name of the element, followed by the word ____(2)____.
1) roman numeral 2) ion
Determine the charge of the ion formed by the element. and then, Apply the appropriate rules for naming the ion. Use a Roman numeral if necessary a. K b. Pb c. S
a) 1+ Following the rules for naming METALLIC *CATIONS*, K+ is named *potassium ion*. b) 4+ Following the rules for naming METALS that can form MORE than ONE *CATION*, Pb^4+ is named *lead(IV)* OR *plumbic ion* c) 2- Following the rules for naming NONMETALLIC *ANIONS*, S^2- is named *sulfide ion*
Name the following ionic compounds. a) (NH4)2C2O4 b) Fe(ClO3)3
a. (NH4)2C2O4: NH4^(+) and C2O4^(2-) =ammonium oxalate b. Fe(ClO3)3: ClO3^(-) = iron(III) chlorate
TRY ME: Write the formulas for the following binary ionic compounds: a) copper(II) sulfide b) potassium nitride
a. Cu2+ and S2- a. balanced = CuS b. K+ and N3- b. balanced K3N
Name the following binary MOLECULAR *compounds*. 1)N2O 2)PCl3
a. N2O is composed of two nonmetals, nitrogen and oxygen. *dinitrogen monoxide* b. PCl3 is composed of two nonmetals, phosphorus and chlorine. *phosphorus trichloride* THEREFORE THEY ARE BOTH *binary molecular compounds* for this reason
What are the formulas for these ionic compounds? a) magnesium hydroxide b) potassium sulfate
a. cation: Mg^(2+) anion: OH^(-) *Mg(OH)2* b. cation: K^(+) anion: SO4^(2-) *K2SO4*
Name the following binary IONIC compounds. a)CoI2 b)Li2Se
a. cobalt(II) iodide b. lithium selenide
an _______ is a compound that contains one or more hydrogen atoms and produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
acid
A major disadvantage of using classical names for ions is that they do not tell you the________________ of the ion.
actual charge
_____________ is the only common Group 3A metal, and tends to lose three electrons to form a 3+ cation.
aluminimum
A ________________ is composed of two elements.
binary compound
The charges of the __________ of many transition metal ions must be determined from the number of electrons lost.
cations -----> For example, the transition metal iron forms two common cations, Fe2+ (two electrons lost) and Fe3+ (three electrons lost).
Another approach to writing a balanced formula for a compound is to use the ______________ method.
crisscross
The presence of these ions dissolved in your blood is critical for your health ???? which ones are they?
hydrogen carbonate anion HCO3^(1-), hydrogen phosphate anion HPO4^(2-), dihydrogen phosphate anion H2PO4^(2-)
ACIDS are a group of _______ compounds with unique properties.
ionic
in samples of any chemical compound, the masses of the elements are always in the same proportion
law of definite proportions
whenever two elements form more than one compound, the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small whole numbers
law of multiple proportions
Recall that metallic elements tend to ________ valence electrons.
lose
Binary compounds can be ____________ compounds or ____________ compounds.
molecular or ionic
try me: sulfate anion consists of ?and its charge..?
one sulfur atom and four oxygen atoms. SO4^(2-).
If the metallic element in a binary ionic compound has more than one common ionic charge, a _________________ must be included in the cation name.
roman numeral
What is the difference between binary ionic compounds and compounds with polyatomic ions?
Binary ionic compounds are made of two ions, each made of *just ONE element*. Compounds with polyatomic ions can contain ions made of just one element, but they also contain a polyatomic ion made of *multiple* elements.
What type of elements (metals or nonmetals) tends to form cations? What type of elements tends to form anions?
Metals tend to form cations. Nonmetals tend to form anions.
CaCO3 is considered a polyatomic ion or a binary compound?
NOT a binary compound because it contains more than two elements. SO it is a Polyatomic ion.
Many companies use sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) to keep dried fruit looking delicious. Is Na2SO3 a binary compound? Explain.
Na2SO3 is not a binary compound because binary compounds are composed of two ELEMENTS. *SO3* is a *COMPOUND*, not an element.
what can relieve an upset stomach and the ion that it contains?
Sodium hydrogen carbonate because it contains the ion HCO3^(1-)
The suffix ______ is used to name the cation with the lower of the two ionic charges.
-ous EXAMPLE: Using this system, Fe2+ is the ferr*ous* ion, and Fe3+ is the ferr*ic* ion.
Write formulas for the following binary molecular compounds. 1) nitrogen trifluoride 2) disulfur dichloride
1) NF3 2)S2Cl2
Naming binary ionic compounds: TRY ME: 1) Cs2O 2)NaBr 3)SrF2
1) cesium oxide 2) sodium bromide 3) strontium fluoride
The suffix ______ is used with the higher of the two ionic charges.
-ic EXAMPLE: Using this system, Fe2+ is the ferr*ous* ion, and Fe3+ is the ferr*ic* ion.
The charge of any ion of a *Group A NONMETAL* is determined by subtracting ____ from the group number.
8
Why is it necessary to balance the charges of the two ions in a binary ionic compound?
A binary ionic compound carries no charge when the charges of the ions that combine to form it are balanced.