Chemistry Chapters 13 and 14
absolute zero temperature (in Celcius)
-273.15 C
Explain, using kinetic theory, why molecules of low molar diffuse more rapidly than molecules with a higher molar mass.
...
distance between particles in an enclosed gas at room temperature
10 times the diameter of a particle
Calculate the mass of nitrogen dioxide present in a 275-mL container if the pressure is 240.0 kPa and the temperature is 28 C.
2,417.3 g
A rigid container holds a gas at a pressure of 55 kPa and a temperature of 100.0 C. What will the pressure be when the temperature is increased to 200.0 C?
27.5 kPa
Standard conditions are defined as a temperature of ______ and a pressure of ______.
273 K; 101.3 kPa
Calculate the number of moles of oxygen in a 12.5-L tank if the pressure is 25,325 kPa and the temperature is 22 C.
281
What is the volume of a sample of CO2 at STP that has a volume of 75.0 mL at 30.0 C and 91 kPa?
60.7 mL
R is equal to ____.
8.31 (for kPa or 0.0821 for atm)
AT, ST, or NT: According to Boyle's law, when the volume of a gas at constant temperature increases, the pressure decreases.
AT
AT, ST, or NT: According to kinetic theory, the volume of the particles in a gas is small compared to the total volume of the gas.
AT
AT, ST, or NT: Diffusion is the tendency of molecules to move towards areas of lower concentration until the concentration is uniform throughout.
AT
AT, ST, or NT: Four variables are used to describe a gas, P, V, T, and n, where n=number of moles.
AT
AT, ST, or NT: The ideal gas law allows you to solve for the number of moles of a contained gas when pressure, volume, and temperature are known.
AT
The relationship of pressure and volume is known as ______ law.
Boyle's
For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume of gas varies inversely with pressure.
Boyle's law
The relationship of volume and temperature is know as _______ law.
Charles'
The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature if the pressure is kept constant.
Charles' Law
The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature if the volume remains constant.
Gay-Lussac's law
________ law states that the pressure of a gas is _____ proportional to the Kelvin temperature if the volume remains constant.
Gay-Lussac's; directly
The rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its formula mass
Graham's law of effusion
AT, ST, or NT: According to Charles's law, T2 = (V1 X V2) / T2.
NT
AT, ST, or NT: Gas flows from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure.
NT
AT, ST, or NT: In an inverse relationship, the ratio of two variable quantities is constant.
NT
AT, ST, or NT: The behavior of a gas is most likely to approach ideal behavior at a high pressure and a low temperature.
NT
AT, ST, or NT: The rate of diffusion of a gas is not influenced by its molar mass.
NT
AT, ST, or NT: The ratio (P X V)/(R X T) is equal to 1 for real gases.
NT
AT, ST, or NT: When 20.0 L of O2 is warmed from -30.0 C to 85.0 C at constant pressure, the new volume is 29.5 L.
NT
AT, ST, or NT: When using the combined gas law, pressure must always be in kilopascals but temperature can be in kelvins or degrees Celsius.
NT
The ideal gas law is described by the formula _______ where the variable _______ represents the number of moles of gas and the letter R is the _______ .
PV=nRT; n; constant
AT, ST, or NT: A balloon with a volume of 60 L at 100 kPa pressure will expand to a volume of 120 L at a pressure of 50 kPa.
ST
AT, ST, or NT: Adding air to an object will cause the object to inflate.
ST
AT, ST, or NT: Air will rush into a sealed container when the container is opened.
ST
AT, ST, or NT: For an ideal gas, pressure and volume are directly proportional to each other when all other factors remain constant.
ST
AT, ST, or NT: The fraction of the pressure exerted by a gas in a mixture does not change as the temperature, pressure, or volume changes.
ST
AT, ST, or NT: The number of moles of gas is directly proportional to the number of particles.
ST
AT, ST, or NT: Two objects with the same mass move at the same velocity.
ST
It can be used in situations in which only the _______ of gas is constant.
amount
Barometers are used to measure _______ pressure.
atmospheric
No __________ or ________ forces exist between the particles.
attraction; repulsion
Deviations from ideal behavior at high pressures can be explained by the intermolecular ________ between particles in a gas and the actual _______ of the particles.
attractions; volume
Gas pressure results from the simultaneous ______ of billions of particles with an object.
collisions
result in pressure exerted by a gas
collisions of particles
The _______ between particles are perfectly elastic so that the total ______ remains constant.
collisions; kinetic energy
These three separate gas laws can be written as a single expression called the ________ gas law.
combined
Gases are easily _________, or squeezed into a smaller volume because of the ___________ between particles in a gas.
compressed; space
a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure
compressibility
As the temperature of an enclosed gas decreases, the pressure _______.
decreases
You can raise the pressure exerted by a contained gas by __________ its volume.
decreasing
Doubling the amount of gas in a rigid container ________ the pressure.
doubles
the escape of a gas through a tiny hole in its container
effusion
During ________, a gas escapes through a tiny ______ in its container.
effusion; hole
Between gas particles, there is _________.
empty space
The theory assumes that the volume occupied by a gas is mostly _______, that the particles of gas are relatively _______, move ______ of each other, and are in constant _______ motion.
empty space; small; independent; rapid
A gas that conforms to the gas laws at all conditions of temperature and pressure in an _______.
ideal gas
a gas that follows the gas laws at all conditions of pressure and temperature
ideal gas
8.31 (L*kPa)/(K*mol)
ideal gas constant (R)
PV=nRT
ideal gas law
If pressure or volume decreases, the other ________.
increases
The motion of one particle in a gas is ________ of the motion of all other particles.
independent
The pressure and volume of a fixed mass of gas are _________ related.
inversely
The rate of effusion of a gas is ______ proportional to the square root of the gas's ______. This relationship is described by ______ of effusion.
inversely; molar mass; Graham's law
the SI unit of pressure
kilopascals
The word _____ refers to motion.
kinetic
You can use _______ theory to predict and explain how gases will respond to a change in conditions.
kinetic
th energy an object has because of its motion
kinetic energy
According to ______, all matter consists of tiny particles that are in constant motion. The particles in a gas are usually molecules or atoms.
kinetic theory
Molecules tend to move to areas of _______ concentration until the concentration is _____. This process is called _________.
low; uniform; diffusion
The kinetic theory describes the ______ of particles in matter and the forces of attraction between them.
motion
The ideal gas law permits you to solve for the ________ of a contained gas when the pressure, volume, and temperature are known.
number of moles
the pressure exerted by each gas in a gaseous mixture
partial pressure
used to compress a gas in a cylinder
piston
The volume of a fixed ______ of a gas is directly proportional to its _________ temperature.
pressure; Kelvin
The four variables 2. used to describe a gas are _______, (P), _______ (V), _______ (T), and _______ (n).
pressure; volume; temperature; number of moles
No _______ gas behaves ideally at all temperatures and pressures.
real
a gas that can be liquefied by applying pressure
real gas
The particles change direction only when they _______ from _______ with one another or with other objects.
rebound; collisions
According to the kinetic theory, 1. the particles in a gas are considered to be _______, _____ ______ with _________ volume, 2. The motion of the particles in a gas is _____, _______, and _______, 3. All collisions between particles in a gas are perfectly ________.
small; hard spheres; insignificant; rapid; constant; random; elastic
Gas particles travel in _______ paths until they _______ with another particle.
straight-line; collide
According to Dalton's law of partial pressures, at constant volume and temperature, the _______ pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the _______ of the partial pressures of the component gases.
total; sum
During an elastic collision, kinetic energy is _______ without loss from one particle to another, and the total kinetic energy ________.
transferred; remains constant
The path of _______ travel in a straight line is very short.
uninterrupted