Chemistry Final 2021
Balance the following equation (NH4)2CO3 + NaOH --> Na2CO3 + NH3 +H2O
(NH4)2 CO3 + 2NaOH -> Na2CO3 + 2NH3 + 2H2O
Which of the following combinations of symbol and explanation of symbol is correct when used in a chemical equation?
(aq), dissolved in water
What is the freezing point of a solution of 0.5 mol of LiBr in 500 mL of water? (Kf = 1.86C/m)
-3.72ºC
The temperature at which the motion of particles theoretically ceases is ____.
0 K
How many moles of N2 are in a flask with a volume of 250 mL at a pressure of 300.0 kPa and a temperature of 300.0 K?
0.03 mol
What is the number of moles of solute in 250 mL of a 0.4M solution?
0.1 mol
To 225 mL of a 0.80M solution of KI, a student adds enough water to make 1.0 L of a more dilute KI solution. What is the molarity of the new solution?
0.18 M
The pressure of a gas in a container is 152 mm Hg. This is equivalent to
0.2 atm.
100 mL of an NaOH solution is neutralized by 50 mL of a 0.5M H2SO4 solution. What is the molarity of the NaOH solution?
0.25
What is a pressure of 622 mm Hg equal to in atm?
0.818 mmHg
If the solubility of a gas in water is 4.0 g/L when the pressure of the gas above the water is 3.0 atm, what is the pressure of the gas above the water when the solubility of the gas is 1.0 g/L?
075 atm
Standard Temperature
0C and 1 atm
Which combination of temperature and pressure correctly describes standard temperature and pressure, STP?
0C and 101.3 kPa or 1 atm.
Standard conditions when working with gases are defined as
0ºC and 101.3 kPa.
What is the pressure (in atm) at the normal boiling point of water?
1 atm
Which of the following statements about the reaction below is true ? 3NaHCO3 + (aq) + C6H8O7 (aq) --> 3CO2 (g) + 3H2O (s) + Na3C6H5O7 (aq)
1 mole of water is produced for every mole of carbon dioxide produced.
What is the dissociation constant, Kw, of pure water?
1 x 10^-14
If the [H] in a solution is 1 x 10^-1 mol/L, what is the [OH]?
1 x 10^-4
What is the hydrogen-ion concentration if the acid dissociation constant is 0.000 001 and the acid concentration is 0.01M?
1 x 10^-4
If the pH is 9, what is the concentration of hydroxide ion?
1 x 10^-5
Which hydrogen ion concentration indicates the most acidic solution?
1 x 10^-5 M
What is the hydroxide ion concentration, OH-, of a solution having a pH of 6?
1 x 10^-8
Calculate the molecular formulas of the compounds having the following empirical formulas and molar masses: C2H5, 58 g/mol; CH, 78 g/mol; and HgCl, 236.1 g/mol.
1) C2H5, 58 g/mol Answer: C4H10 2) CH, 78 g/mol Answer: C6H6 3) HgCl, 236.1 g/mol Answer: HgCl
What are the coefficients that will balance the skeleton equation below?AlCl3 + NaOH --> Al(OH)3 + NaCl
1, 3, 1, 3
What are the coefficients that will balance the skeleton equation below?N2 + H2 --> NH3
1, 3, 2
A gas collected when the temperature is 11ºC and the pressure is 710 mm measures 1,480 ml. Calculate its volume at 20ºC and 740 mm.
1,465 ml
How many moles of H3PO4 are produced when 71.0 g P4O10 reacts completely to form H3PO4? P4O10 (s) + 6H2O (l) --> 4H3PO4 9aq)
1.00 mol
What is the number of moles in 432 g Ba(NO3)2?
1.65 mol
The molality of a solution containing 8.1 moles of solute in 4847 g of solvent is ____.
1.7m
A basic or alkaline solution would have a pH of
10
If [OH] = 1 x 10^-4 M, what is the pH of the solution?
10
What is the boiling point of a solution of 0.1 mole of glucose in 200 mL of water? (Kf = 0.512C/m)
100.26ºC
If the density of an unknown gas Z is 4.50 g/L at STP, what is the molar mass of gas Z?
101 g/mol
What is the pressure when a liquid is boiling at its normal boiling point?
101.3 kPa
Which of the following is an expression of molality?
10mol of solute / 1kg of solvent
What is the volume, in liters, of 0.500 mol of CH gas at STP?
11.2 L
A gas occupies a volume of 140 mL at 35.0ºC and 97 kPa. What is the volume of the gas at STP?
118.7 mL
If the solubility of a particular solute is 10 g/ 100 g H2O at 20ºC, which of the following concentrations would represent a supersaturated solution of that solute.
11g / 100 g H2O at 20ºC
What is the pH of a 0.01 M solution of sodium hydroxide, NaOH?
12
If 8.00 mol of NHreacted with 14.0 mol of O2, how many moles of H2O will be produced? 4NH3 (g) + 7O2 (g) --> 4NO2 + 6H2O (g)
12.0 mols H2O
A rigid container of O2 has a pressure of 340 kPa at a temperature of 713 K. What is the pressure at 273 K?
130 kPa
A gas has a volume of 480 ml. at 90 cm pressure. What pressure is needed to change the volume of the gas to 320 ml?
135 cm
In determining the volume of a mole of gas at STP in the laboratory, a student's experimental value was 3.36 liters greater than the accepted value of 22.4 liters. The percent error contained in the student's value is closest to:
15.0%
The volume of a gas is 250 mL at 340.0 kPa pressure. What will the volume be when the pressure is reduced to 50.0 kPa, assuming the temperature remains constant?
1700 mL
A breathing mixture used by deep-sea divers contains helium, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. What is the partial pressure of oxygen at 101.4 kPa if P He = 82.5 kPa and P CO2 = 0.4 kPa?
18.5 kPa
Find the mass in grams of 3.10 x 10^23 molecules of F.
19.6 g
In the reaction 2CO(g) + O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g), what is the ratio of moles of oxygen used to moles of CO2 produced?
1:2
What is the pH of a solution with a concentration of 0.01M hydrochloric acid?
2
When the equation KClO3(s) KCl(s) + O2(g) is balanced, the coefficient of KClO3 is
2
What are the missing coefficients for the skeleton equation below?Cr(s) Fe(NO3)(aq) --> Fe(s) Cr(NO3)3 (aq)
2,3,3,2
How many liters of NH3, at STP, will react with 5.3 g O2 to form NO2 and water? 4NH3 (g) + 7O2 (g) --> 4NO2 + 6H2O (g)
2.12 L
Calculate the molality of a solution prepared by dissolving 175 g of KNO3 in 750 g of water.
2.31 m
What is the percent composition of chromium in BaCrO?
20.5%
What is the number of moles in 500 L of He gas at STP?
22 mol
A mixture of gases at a total pressure of 94 kPa contains N2, CO2, and O2. The partial pressure of the CO2 is 24 kPa and the partial pressure of the N2 is 48 kPa. What is the partial pressure of the O2.
23 kPa
Concentrated hydrogen peroxide solutions are explosively decomposed by traces of transition metal ions. 2H2O (aq) --> 2H2O (l) + O2 (g) What volume of pure O2 (g), collected at 27.0ºC and 99.4 kPa would be generated by decomposition of 62,5 g of hydrogen peroxide solution?
23.1 L
Complete and balance the following equation. Al + Cl2 -->
2Al + 3Cl2 --> 2AlCl3
Balance the following equation Au2O3 --> Au + O2
2Au2O3 --> 4Au + 3O2
When potassium hydroxide and barium chloride react, potassium chloride and barium hydroxide are formed. The balanced equation for this reaction is ____.
2KOH + BaCl2 --> 2KCl + Ba(OH)2
Balance the following equation. Indicate the states of the products Na3PO4 (aq) + ZnSO4 (aq) --> Na2SO4 + Zn3(PO4)2
2Na3PO4 (aq) + 3ZnSO4 (aq) -> 3Na2SO4 (aq) + Zn3(PO4)2 (s)
If 1 egg and 1/3 cup of oil are needed for each bag of brownie mix, how many bags of brownie mix do you need if you want to use up all 3 eggs and 1 cup of oil?
3
If [H3O+] = 1.5 x 10^-4 M, what is the pH of the solution?
3.82
What mass of sucrose, C12H22O11, is needed to make 500.0 mL of a 0.200M solution? The molar mass of sucrose is 342 g.
34.2 g
How many hydrogen atoms are in 5 molecules of isopropyl alcohol, C3H7O?
35
The volume of 6.00M HCl needed to make 319 mL of 6.80M HCl is ____.
352 mL
A sample of gas occupies 17 mL at -112ºC. Assuming the pressure is held constant, what volume does the sample occupy at 70ºC?
36mL
What is a pressure of 0.520 atm equal to in mm of Hg?
395.2 mmHg
Rewrite the following word equation as a balanced chemical equation. What is the coefficient and symbol for fluorine?nitrogen trifluoride --> nitrogen + fluorine
3F2
Write a balanced net ionic equation for the following reaction. H3PO4 (aq) + NaOH (aq) --> Na3PO4 (aq_ + H2O (l)
3H1+ (aq) + 3OH (1+) → 3H2O (l)
What is the concentration of a solution that contains 6 moles of solute in 2 liters of solution?
3M
If the hydroxide ion concentration is 2.3 x 10M, what is the pH of the solution?
4.36
How many kilograms of solvent are in a sample of 0.30 molal solution if the sample contains 13 moles of solute?
43.33 kg
What is the percent by mass of hydrogen in aspirin, C9H8O4?
44.4%
At what temperature does liquid water have its maximum density?
4ºC
Which of the following gases at STP would have the greatest volume?
5.00 mole of H2
What is the maximum mass of water that can be produced from 34.0 grams of ammonia? 4 NH3 (g) + 5 O2 (g) --> 6 H2O (g) + 4 NO(g)
54.0 g
Fifteen ml. of 2.0 M KOH solution are required to neutralize 5.0 ml. of HC1 solution. What is the molarity of the HC1 solution?
6.0 M
How many grams of H3PO4 are produced when 10.0 moles of water react with an excess of P4O10? P4O10 (s) + 6H2O (l) --> 4H3PO4 (aq)
653 g
How many liters of O2 are needed to react completely with 45.0 L of H2S at STP? 2H2S (g) + 3O2 (g) --> 2SO2 (g) + 2H2O (g)
67.5 L O2
For the reaction 2Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2NaCl(s), how many grams of NaCl could be produced from 103.0 g of Na and 13.0 L of Cl2 (at STP)?
67.8 g NaCl
What is the mass in grams of 5.90 mol C8H18?
673 g
The solubility of potassium chloride is 34 g KCL/ 100g H2O at 20ºC. What is the maximum amount of KCL that can dissolve in 200 g of water at 20ºC
68 g
How many water molecules are in 39 formula units calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2 x 2H2O)
78
How many moles of tungsten atoms are in 4.8 x 10^25 atoms of tungsten?
8.0 x 10^1 moles
A gas has a volume of 590 mL at a temperature of -55.0ºC. What volume will the gas occupy at 30.0ºC?
820 mL
In a particular reaction between copper metal and silver nitrate, 12.7 g Cu produced 38.1 g Ag. What is the percent yield of silver in this reaction? Cu + 2AgNO3 --> Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
88.2%
Which of the following is true about the reaction shown below? C5H12 (l) + 8O2 (g) --> 5Co2 (g) + 6H2O (g)
9 moles of reactants chemically change into 11 moles of product.
What is the percentage of water (by mass) in Hg2SO4 x 3H2O?
9.8%
What is the molar mass of (NH)CO?
96 g
What is the driving force in the following reaction? Ni(NO3)2 (aq) + K2S (aq) -->
A precipitate is formed
To determine the strength of a vinegar solution by titration, you would need, in addition to vinegar, each of the following except:
Acid Solution
In order for the reaction 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 3H2 to occur, which of the following must be true?
Al must be above H on the activity series.
Kinetic theory
All matter consists of tiny particles that are in constant motion.
Henry's Law
At a given temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid.
Dalton's Law
At constant volume and temperature, the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases.
The atomic masses of any two elements contain the same number of ____.
Atoms
Which of the following statements is true about what happens in all chemical reactions?
Bonds between atoms are broken and new bonds are formed.
What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction that takes place between bromine and sodium iodide?
Br2 + 2NaI --> 2NaBr + I2
What is the empirical formula of a substance that is 53.5% C, 15.5% H, and 31.1% N by weight?
C2H7N
Which of the following is an empirical formula?
C3H8O
Which of the following compounds have the same empirical formula?
C7H14 and C10H20
The complete combustion of which of the following substances produces carbon dioxide and water?
C8H18
Which of the following sets of empirical formula, molar mass, and molecular formula is correct?
CH4N, 90 g, C3H12N3
Which of the following substances is less soluble in hot water than in cold water?
CO2
Write the net ionic equation for the following reaction and indicate the state of the products. Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + (NH4)2SO4 (aq) -->
Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + (NH4)2SO4(aq) --> CaSO4 + 2NH4NO3 2NO3^2- (aq) + 2NH4^1- (aq) --> 2NH4NO3
Solvent
Dissolving medium
Complete and balance the following equation Fe2(SO4)3 + Ba(OH)2 -->
Fe2(SO4)3 + 3Ba(OH)2 --> 2Fe(OH)3 + 3Ba2SO4
Boyle's Law
For a given mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume of the gas varies inversely with pressure.
Matter that is characterized by neither a definite shape nor a definite volume is said to be
Gaseous
The ion responsible for the sour taste of a solution is
H+
What are the Brønsted-Lowry acids in the following equilibrium reaction? CN- + H2O <----> HCN + OH-
H2O, HCN
A ternary acid has the formula
HBrO
What does the symbol ∆ above the arrow in a chemical equation mean?
Heat is supplied to the reaction.
An acid that contains no oxygen is
Hydrochloric
End Point
Indicator changes color.
Which of the following is not true of a salt?
It always has the formula NaC1.
If energy is added to a boiling liquid, what happens to the temperature of the liquid?
It does not change
In a dynamic equilibrium between the liquid state and the gas state, what is true about the rate of evaporation?
It is equal to the rate of condensation
How does the surface tension of water compare with the surface tensions of most other liquids?
It is higher
The volume of a gas is doubled while the temperature is held constant. How does the gas pressure change?
It is reduced by one half.
Which of these is a correct observation about surface tension?
It is the inward force which tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid.
Explain why it takes longer to hard boil an egg at high altitudes than at sea level.
It takes longer to boil and egg because at a high altitude it takes less energy to get the water to the boiling point. This means that we have to use less heat, and boiling water at a lower temperature takes a really long time.
With which temperature scale is temperature directly proportional to average kinetic energy?
Kelvin
Which of these compounds or ions is an Arrhenius base?
LiOH
Which of the following are conserved in every chemical reaction?
Mass and atoms
Avogadro's number of representative particles is equal to one ____.
Mole
What SI unit is used to measure the number of representative particles in a substance?
Mole
Why does a liquid's rate of evaporation increase when the liquid is heated?
More molecules have enough energy to overcome the attractive forces holding them in the liquid.
One of the products when aqueous Na2CO3 reacts with aqueous Sn(NO3)2 is
NaNO3
Enough acid is added to a solution having pH 13 to change the pH to 7. This is an example of
Neutralization
What name is given to the reaction between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions?
Neutralization
Use the activity series of metals to complete a balanced chemical equation for the following single replacement reaction. Ag(s) + KNO3 (aq) -->
No reaction takes place because silver is less reactive than potassium
Identify the limiting reagent and the volume of CO2 formed when 11 L CS2 reacts with 18 L O2 to produce CO2 gas and SO2 gas at STP. CS2 (g) + 3O2 (g) --> CO2 (g) + 2SO2 (g)
O2; 6.0 L CO2
The ion associated with a solution which has a bitter taste is
OH-
The products of self-ionization of water are ____.
OH-, and H3O+
Ideal Gas Law
P × V = n × R × T
Which of the following is a balanced equation representing the decomposition of lead(IV) oxide?
PbO2 --> Pb + O2
Explain how pumping air into a bicycle tire increases the pressure within the tire.
Putting in more gas, is one of the three factors that can increase the pressure in the tire. The more gas you put inside the tire, there will be more collisions. Collisions increase the pressure due to the amount of gas in a very small area.
The addition of a soluble hydroxide to phenolphthalein changes it to
Red
The heaviest of the following gases is
SO2
Which substance produces an acid when it reacts with water?
SO2 (Not sure)
Which of the following is true about empirical and molecular formulas?
Several compounds can have the same empirical formula, but have different molecular formulas.
The calculation of quantities in chemical equations is called ____.
Stoichiometry
Which of the following is true about limiting and excess reagents?
The amount of product obtained is determined by the limiting reagent.
What happens to the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter as the temperature of the sample is increased?
The average kinetic energy increases
As the temperature of the gas in a balloon decreases, which of the following occurs?
The average kinetic energy of the gas decreases.
Name three different allotropes of carbon and describe their physical properties.
The diamonds are hard, and have high density. Then we have the carbon which is slippery, and soft with a low density. There is buckminsterfullerene which is a hollow sphere and also known as a buckyball. It looks like a soccer ball.
Which statement is true if 12 mol CO and 12 mol Fe2O3 are allowed to react? 3CO(g) + Fe2O3 (s) --> 2Fe (s) + 3CO2 (g)
The limiting reagent is CO and 8.0 mol Fe will be formed.
Explain why a liquid in an open container will evaporate completely over time.
The liquid particles have plenty of space to go around. There is no barrier around them that will stop them from expanding. In a molecule that evaporates can't escape from the system. There is no pressure that is strong enough to make the liquid evaporate very fast. They are not closed off which makes them easier to go around and evaporate over time.
What is true about the molar mass of chlorine gas?
The molar mass is 71.0 g.
Equivalence Point
The number of moles of hydrogen ions equals the number of moles of hydroxide ions.
Which of the following is equal to Avogadro's number?
The number of moles of nitrogen in 1 mol N2
How does the pH of the mixture change as hydrochloric acid is slowly added to a solution of sodium hydroxide?
The pH decreases and may go below 7.
Which of the following statements is true, according to the kinetic theory?
The particles of a gas collide with each other and with other objects
Gay-Lussac's Law
The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature if the volume is kept constant.
Why does air escape from a tire when the tire valve is opened?
The pressure outside the tire is lower than the pressure inside the tire.
If the volume of a container of gas is reduced, what will happen to the pressure inside the container?
The pressure will increase.
Graham's Law
The rate at which a gas will effuse is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas's molar mass.
Which of the following statements is true about the decomposition of a simple binary compound?
The reactant is a single substance
What causes gas pressure in a container such as a helium balloon?
The simultaneous collisions of fast-moving particles with the container
What happens to the solubility of a gas in a liquid if the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid decreases?
The solubility decreases
Charle's Law
The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature, if the pressure is kept constant.
Why is a gas easier to compress than a liquid or a solid?
The volume of a gas's particles is small compared to the overall volume of the gas.
Why does the pressure inside a container of gas increase if more gas is added to the container?
There is an increase in the number of collisions between particles and the walls of the container.
Consider an iron cube and an aluminum cube. If the two cubes were at the same temperature, how would the average kinetic energy of the particles in iron compare with the average kinetic energy of the particles in aluminum?
There would be no difference in the average kinetic energies.
Mass
This is conserved in every ordinary chemical reaction.
Volume
This is conserved only in reactions where the temperature is constant and the number of moles of gaseous reactants is the same as that of gaseous products.
Number of Moles
This quantity can always be used in the same way as moles when interpreting balanced chemical equations.
Which of these solutions is the most basic?
[H+] = 1 x 10^-11
Boiling Point Elevation
a colligative property related to a decrease in the vapor pressure of a solution
freezing Point Depression
a colligative property related to the fact that ice will form at higher temperatures in the Great Lakes than in the ocean
Barometer
a device used to measure atmospheric pressure
Compressibility
a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure
What is the concentration of a solution?
a measure of the amount of solute in a specified quantity of solvent
Vapor Pressure
a measure of the force exerted by a gas above a liquid
When an acid reacts with a base, what compounds are formed?
a salt and water
What is an acid according to the Arrhenius definition?
a substance that ionizes to yield protons in aqueous solution
According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, a base is any substance that
accepts a proton
The acid present in vinegar is
acetic
The acid which is a weak electrolyte is
acetic
In order to predict whether or not a single-replacement reaction takes place, you need to consult a chart that shows the
activity series of metals
Which of the following best describes the motion of the particles in a piece of steel?
all are moving
When a gas is heated,
all of the absorbed energy is converted to potential energy. (not sure)
Cr2O3 reacts with a strong base, such as KOH, to form KCrO2. With a strong acid, such as H2SO4, it forms Cr2(SO4)3. This shows that Cr2O3 is
amphoteric
Representative Particle
an atom, an ion, or a molecule, depending upon the way a substance commonly exists
When making volume measurements with a buret, the level of the liquid should be read:
at the bottom of the meniscus
In every balanced chemical equation, each side of the equation has the same number of ____.
atoms of each element
A water solution is found to have a molar H3O+ concentration of 3.2 x 10^-9. The solution would be classified as
basic
When the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure, the liquid ____.
begins to boil
What is the shape of the water molecule?
bent
In the solution of a hydroxide, litmus paper will be
blue
Which of the following is a colligative property of a solution?
boiling point elevation
An acid found in lemons is
citric
The reaction 2Fe + 3Cl2 + 2FeCl3 is an example of which type of reaction?
combination reaction
The equation 2C3H7OH + 9O2 --> 6CO2 + 8H2O is an example of which type of reaction?
combustion reaction
Weak Electrolyte
compound that ionizes incompletely in aqueous solution
Electrolyte
compound that will conduct current in the liquid state or in aqueous solution
As 50 ml. of 0.1 M HC1 are added to 100 ml. of 0.1 M NaOH, the pH of the NaOH solution
decreases
In reference to solutions of strong acids and strong bases, the word strong refers to ____.
degree of ionization
Immiscible
describes two or more liquids that do not mix with each other
Titration is a technique used in the chemistry laboratory primarily to
determine concentrations of substances in solutions
Which phrase best describes a 0.012M solution of an acid that ionizes only slightly in water?
dilute and weak
Which phrase correctly describes the effect of pressure on the solubility of a gas in a liquid?
directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid
A solute depresses the freezing point because the solute ____
disrupts crystal formation of the solvent
The equation H3PO4 + 3KOH --> K3PO4 + 3H2O is an example of which type of reaction?
double-replacement reaction
In a neutral solution, [H] is ____.
equal to [OH-]
The escape of molecules from the surface of a liquid is known as ____.
evaporation
How does the gas propellant move when an aerosol can is used?
from a region of high pressure to a region of lower pressure
The volume of one mole of a substance is 22.4 L at STP for all ____.
gases
Which states of matter can flow?
gases and liquids only
Under what conditions of temperature and pressure is the behavior of real gases most like that of ideal gases?
high temperature and low pressure
Aqueous Solution
homogeneous mixture of water and dissolved substances
Which of the following molecules would have the greatest velocity if each atom had the same kinetic energy?
hydrogen
What causes water's low vapor pressure?
hydrogen bonding
The abnormally high melting point and boiling point of water is due to the existence of its
hydrogen bonds
Which of the following is primarily responsible for holding water molecules together in the liquid state?
hydrogen bonds
A crystal that absorbs water vapor from the air is ____.
hygroscopic
The fact that ice is less dense than water is related to the fact that ____.
ice has a molecular structure that is an open framework held together by hydrogen bonds
Water could be made to boil at 105ºC instead of 100ºC by
increasing external pressure (not sure)
Which one of the following properties would an acid solution possess?
is a good conductor
In a chemical reaction, the mass of the products
is equal to the mass of the reactants
What happens to the temperature of a liquid as it evaporates?
it decreases
For which of the following conversions does the value of the conversion factor depend upon the formula of the substance?
mass of any substance to moles
In a double-replacement reaction, one of the products
may precipitate from solution
Saturated Solution
measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a specified quantity of solvent
What does the expression "pH 7" tell you about a solution?
neutral
A catalyst is
not used up in a reaction
What does the ideal gas law allow a scientist to calculate that the other gas laws do not?
number of moles
Molarity
number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 L of solution
Molality
number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 kg of solvent
Colligative properties depend upon the ____
number of solute particles in a solution
In a combustion reaction, one of the reactants is
oxygen
Which are the first particles to evaporate from a liquid?
particles with the highest kinetic energy
Titration
process of adding a known amount of solution of known concentration to determine the concentration of another solution
Chemical Reactions
produce new substances
In the chemical equation H2O2(aq) → H2O(l) O2(g), the is a ____.
product
Doubling the pressure on a gas at the same time that its Kelvin temperature is doubled causes its volume to
remain the same
An electric current can be best conducted by ____.
salt solution
Solids differ from liquids in that only samples of solids normally have definite
shape
A net ionic equation
shows only those particles involved in the reaction.
The equation Mg(s) 2HCl (aq). --> MgCl2(aq) + H2 (g) is an example of which type of reaction?
single-replacement reaction
The type of reaction that takes place when one element reacts with a compound to form a new compound and a different element is a ____.
single-replacement reaction
supersaturated solution
solution containing maximum amount of solute
Concentration
solution containing more solute than can theoretically dissolve at a given temperature
Which of the following is a property of an acid?
sour taste
If the volume of a gas were decreased in a closed container by increasing the pressure, the mass would
stay the same
The average potential energy of water molecules is greatest in
steam at 100ºC
Name the process presented in this equation: NH3 (s) --> NH3 (g).
sublimation
If adding of a crystal of the solute to an aqueous solution causes many particles to come out of the solution, the original solution was ____.
supersaturated
Which of the following factors affect solubility?
temperature and the nature of the solvent
Diffusion
tendency of molecules to move to regions of lower concentration
A solution is a mixture
that has the same properties throughout
Mole
the SI unit used to measure amount of substance
Actual Yield
the amount of product formed when a reaction is carried out in the laboratory
Sublimation
the change of a solid directly to a vapor
The pressure exerted by a gas is due to
the collisions of the gas molecules with the walls of the container
Vaporization
the conversion of a liquid to a gas below the boiling point
Kinetic Energy
the energy an object has due to its motion
Effusion
the escape of gas through a small hole in a container
The physical properties of liquids is determined by
the interplay between the disruptive motions of particles in a liquid and the attractions among the particles.
Chemical equations must be balanced to satisfy
the law of conservation of mass.
Molar Mass
the mass of a mole of any element or compound
Theoretical Yield
the maximum amount of product that could be formed from given amounts of reactants
Atomic Mass
the number of grams of an element that is numerically equal to the atomic mass of the element in amu
Avogadro's Number
the number of representative particles of a substance present in 1 mole of that substance
Which atom in a water molecule has the greatest electronegativity?
the oxygen atom
Percent Composition
the percent by mass of each element in a compound
Partial Pressure
the pressure exerted by a gas in a mixture
Atmospheric Pressure
the pressure resulting from the collision of atoms and molecules with objects
Percent Yield
the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield
Limiting Reagent
the reactant that determines the amount of product that can be formed in a reaction
Excess Reagent
the reactant that is not completely used up in a reaction
In a double-replacement reaction,
the reactants are generally two ionic compounds in aqueous solution
This symbol (<-- -->) indicates that ____.
the reaction is reversible
Empirical Formula
the smallest whole number ratio of the atoms in a compound
What does the vapor pressure of a liquid depend on?
the temperature
Melting Point
the temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid
Normal Boiling Point
the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to 1 atmosphere
Boiling Point
the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the external pressure
The pressure of a given quantity of gas must increase if
the temperature increases and the volume decreases
Molar Volume
the volume occupied by a mole of any gas at STP
Solutions containing more H+ ions than OH- ions
turns litmus red
Evaporation
vaporization at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling
Which type of stoichiometric calculation does not require the use of the molar mass?
volume-volume
Which compound can act as both a Brønsted-Lowry acid and a Brønsted-Lowry base?
water
What are the products of a reaction of acetic acid and sodium hydroxide?
water and salt
The products of a combustion reaction include
water, carbon dioxide
A substance with a Ka of 1 x 10^-5 would be classified as a ____.
weak acid