Chemistry Final Review
According to Avogadro's law,
the volume of a gas is directly related to the number of moles at constant temperature and pressure.
A solution containing less than the equilibrium amount is called
unsaturated solution
In a gas, the distance between the particles is
very large relative to the size of the molecules.
In water, a substance that partially dissociates in solution is called a
weak electrolyte
How many milliliters of a 25% (m/v) NaOH solution would contain 75 g of NaOH?
3.0 x 102 mL
How many milliliters of a 25% (m/v) NaOH solution would contain 75 g of NaOH?
3.0 × 102 mL
The pressure of 5.0 L of gas increases from 1.50 atm to 1240 mmHg. What is the final volume of the gas, assuming no change in amount of gas or temperature?
4.6 L
The mass percent (m/m) concentration refers to
grams of solute in 100 g of solution
The mass percent (m/m) concentration refers to
grams of solute in 100 g of solution.
The mass/volume percent concentration refers to
grams of solute in 100 mL of solution.
Which of the following correctly describes the partial pressures of gases in the body?
high O2, low CO2, oxygenated blood
An aqueous solution of HI is named
hydriodic acid.
A scuba diver experiences ________ as she descends into the ocean water.
increase of 1 atm for each 10 m of depth
An increase in the temperature of a solution usually
increases the solubility of a solid solute in the solution.
Which of the following is NOT a potential use for a hyperbaric chamber?
increasing the rate at which a broken bone heals
Give the major force in seawater.
ion-dipole
Atmospheric pressure on a rainy day is usually ________ air pressure on a sunny day.
lower than
An instrument used to measure the pressure of a gas in a laboratory is called a
manometer
The mixing of which pair of reactants will result in a precipitation reaction?
K2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq)
Which of the following compounds is an Arrhenius base?
KOH
The molarity (M) of a solution refers to
moles of solute/L of solution.
In the kinetic molecular theory of gas behavior, the assumption is made that gas molecules
move rapidly in random directions
In the kinetic molecular theory of gas behavior, the assumption is made that gas molecules
move rapidly in random directions.
Oil does not dissolve in water because
oil is nonpolar
Oil does not dissolve in water because
oil is nonpolar.
According to Gay-Lussac's Law, the pressure of a gas increases due to an increase in temperature because
the molecules strike the walls of the container more often and with more force.
According to the kinetic theory of gases, a gas can be compressed much more than a liquid or solid because
the particles of a gas are very far apart
Vapor pressure can be described as
the pressure exerted by a gas above the surface of its liquid.
At STP, temperature and pressure have the values of
0 K and 1 atm
How many grams of CaCl2 are formed when 35.00 mL of 0.00237 M Ca(OH)2 reacts with excess Cl2 gas? 2 Ca(OH)2(aq) + 2 Cl2(g) → Ca(OCl)2(aq) + CaCl2(aq) + 2 H2O(l)
0.00460
At STP, how many moles of helium gas would occupy 1.00 L?
0.0446
What is the molar concentration of sulfate ions in a 0.150 M Na2SO4 solution?
0.150 M
What is the molarity of a KCl solution made by diluting 75.0 mL of a 0.200 M solution to a final volume of 100. mL?
0.150 M
If the reaction of phosphate ion with water is ignored, what is the total concentration of ions in a solution prepared by dissolving 3.00 g of K3PO4 in enough water to make 350. mL of solution?
0.162
The titration of 25.0 mL of an unknown concentration H2SO4 solution requires 83.6 mL of 0.12 M LiOH solution. What is the concentration of the H2SO4 solution (in M)?
0.20 M
What is the concentration of FeCl3 in a solution prepared by dissolving 10.0 g of FeCl3 in enough water to make 275 mL of solution?
0.224 M
The volume of a gas with a pressure of 1.2 atm increases from 1.0 L to 4.0 L. What is the final pressure of the gas, assuming no change in amount of gas or temperature?
0.30 atm
What is the mass of a sample of O2 gas, which has a pressure of 740. mmHg, at a temperature of , in a volume of 250. mL?
0.318 g
A student prepared a stock solution by dissolving 20.0 g of KOH in enough water to make 150. mL of solution. She then took 15.0 mL of the stock solution and diluted it with enough water to make 65.0 mL of a final solution. What is the concentration of KOH for the final solution?
0.548 M
What is the concentration of NO3- ions in a solution prepared by dissolving 15.0 g of Ca(NO3)2 in enough water to produce 300. mL of solution?
0.609 M
What volume of a 0.540 M NaOH solution contains 15.5 g of NaOH?
0.718 L
What volume of 0.10 M NaOH can be prepared from 250. mL of 0.30 M NaOH?
0.75 L
How many moles of CaCl2 are in 250 mL of a 3.0 M of CaCl2 solution?
0.75 moles
What is the volume of 5.60 g of O2 at 7.78 atm and 415K?
0.766 L
The atmospheric pressure in Denver, CO is 633 mmHg. What is this pressure in atm?
0.833 atm
How many H+ ions can the acid CH3CO2H donate per molecule?
1
What is the molar concentration of sodium ions in a 0.350 M Na3PO4 solution?
1.05 M
What is the concentration of an AlCl3 solution if 150. mL of the solution contains 250. mg of Cl- ion?
1.41 x 10^1 M
At STP, what is the volume of 4.50 moles of nitrogen gas?
101 L
A 5.00-L tank contains helium gas at 1.50 atm. What is the pressure of the gas in mmHg?
1140 mmHg
A 5.00-L tank contains helium gas at 1.50 atm. What is the pressure of the gas in torr?
1140 torr
What is the molarity of a solution that contains 3.25 moles of NaNO3 in 250. mL of solution?
13.0 M
Rubbing alcohol is 70.% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol by volume. How many mL of isopropyl alcohol are in a 1 pint (473 mL) container?
130 mL
Which of the following is an acid-base reaction?
2 HClO4(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) → 2 H2O(l) + Ca(ClO4)2(aq)
At 570. mm Hg and 25 °C, a gas sample has a volume of 2270 mL. What is the final pressure (in mmHg) at a volume of 1250 mL and a temperature of 175 °C, if the amount of gas does not change?
1560 mmHg
At STP, what is the mass of 11.2 liters of O2 gas?
16.0 g
KCl (aq) + AgNO3(aq) → KNO3(aq) + AgCl(s) How many mL of 0.234 M KCl solution will react completely with 25.0 mL of 0.168 M AgNO3 solution?
17.9 mL
A tank contains a mixture of helium, neon, and argon gases. If the total pressure in the tank is 490. mmHg and the partial pressures of helium and argon are 215 mmHg and 102 mmHg, respectively, what is the partial pressure of neon?
173 mmHg
How many H+ ions can the acid, H2CO3, donate per molecule?
2
Give the net ionic equation for the reaction (if any) that occurs when aqueous solutions of Na2CO3 and HCl are mixed.
2 H+(aq) + CO32-(aq) → H2O(l) + CO2(g)
a balanced net ionic equation for the reaction of H2SO4(aq) with Ba(OH)2(aq).
2 H+(aq) + SO42-(aq) + Ba2+(aq) + 2 OH-(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2 H2O(l)
a net ionic equation for the neutralization reaction of H3PO4(aq) with Ba(OH)2(aq).
2 H3PO4(aq) + 3 Ba2+(aq) + 6 OH-(aq) → Ba3(PO4)2(s) + 6 H2O(l)
What is the final mass/volume (m/v)% of a KOH solution that is prepared by diluting 110 mL of a 6.0% (m/v) KOH solution to 330 mL?
2%
What volume of a 1.5 M KOH solution is needed to provide 3.0 moles of KOH?
2.0 L
What is the molarity of a solution which contains 58.5 g of sodium chloride dissolved in 0.500 L of solution?
2.00 M
A sample of helium gas at 27.0 °C and 3.60 atm pressure is cooled in the same container to a temperature of -73.0 °C. What is the new pressure, if volume and amount of gas do not change?
2.40 atm
What is the molarity of a solution containing 5.0 moles of KCl in 2.0 L of solution?
2.5 M
How many milliliters of 0.200 M FeCl3 are needed to react with an excess of Na2S to produce 2.75 g of Fe2S3 if the percent yield for the reaction is 65.0%? 3 Na2S(aq) + 2 FeCl3(aq) → Fe2S3(s) + 6 NaCl(aq)
203
How many milliliters of 0.200 M FeCl3 are needed to react with an excess of Na2S to produce 2.75 g of Fe2S3 if the percent yield for the reaction is 65.0%?
203 mL
At STP, what is the volume of 1.00 mole of carbon dioxide?
22.4 l
How many mL of 0.246 M Pb(NO3)2 are needed to react completely with 36.0 mL of 0.322 M KCl ? 2KCl + Pb(NO3) 2 → 2KNO3 + PbCl2(s)
23.6 mL
What volume of a 2.00 M KCl solution is required to prepare 500. mL of a 0.100 M KCl solution?
25.0 mL
What is the mass/volume percent (m/v) of a solution prepared from 50.0 g NaCl and 150.0 g of water?
25.0%
What volume of 2.5% (m/v) KOH can be prepared from 125 mL of a 5.0% KOH solution?
250 mL
A patient needs to receive 85 grams of glucose every 12 hours. What volume of a 5.0% (m/v) glucose solution needs to be administered to the patient each 12 hours?
2700 mL
When solutions of KCl and Pb(NO3)2 are mixed, a precipitate forms. Which of the following is the balanced equation for the reaction that occurs?
2KCl (aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → 2KNO3(aq) + PbCl2 (s)
How many H+ ions can the acid H3PO4 donate per molecule?
3
What volume would a 0.250 mole sample of H2 gas occupy, if it had a pressure of 1.70 atm, and a temperature of 35 °C?
3.72 L
Use the reaction: 2AgNO3 + H2SO4 → Ag2SO4(s) + 2H2O(l). What volume of 0.123 M AgNO3 is needed to form 0.657 g of Ag2SO4(s)?
34.3 mL
When 200. mL of water are added to 100. mL of 12% KCl solution the final concentration of KCl is (Assume the volumes additive.)
4.0%
What pressure will 14.0 g of CO exert in a 3.5 L container at 75°C?
4.1 atm
When 125 mL of 0.500 M AgNO3 is added to 100. mL of 0.300 M NH4Cl, how many grams of AgCl are formed? AgNO3(aq) + NH4Cl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NH4NO3(aq)
4.30 g
A cyclopropane-oxygen mixture is used as an anesthetic. If the partial pressure of cyclopropane in the mixture is 330 mmHg and the partial pressure of the oxygen is 1.0 atm, what is the total pressure of the mixture in torr?
430 torrr
What is the concentration of HCl in the final solution when 65 mL of a 12 M HCl solution is diluted with pure water to a total volume of 0.15 L?
5.2 M
What volume (in mL) will a sample of F2 gas occupy in a syringe at 5.5 atm, if the F2 has a volume of 25.0 mL at 1.2 atm?
5.5 mL
A gas at 5.00 atm pressure was stored in a tank during the winter at 5.0 °C. During the summer, the temperature in the storage area reached 40.0 °C. What was the pressure in the gas tank then, if volume and amount of gas do not change?
5.63 atm
A sample of nitrogen gas had a volume of 500. mL, a pressure in its closed container of 740 torr, and a temperature of 25 °C. What was the new volume of the gas when the temperature was changed to and the new pressure was 760 torr, if the amount of gas does not change?
530 mL
The volume of a sample of gas, initially at 25 °C and 158 mL, increases to 450. mL. What is the final temperature of the sample of gas, if the pressure and amount of gas in the container is kept constant?
576 C
If atmospheric pressure on a certain day is 749 mmHg, what is the partial pressure of nitrogen, given that nitrogen is about 78% of the atmosphere?
580 mmHg
A diver exhales a bubble with a volume of 250 mL at a pressure of 2.4 atm and a temperature of 15 °C. What is the volume of the bubble when it reaches the surface where the pressure is 1.0 atm and the temperature is 27 °C, if the amount of gas does not change?
630 mL
A syringe initially holds a sample of gas with a volume of 285 mL at 355 K and 1.88 atm. To what temperature must the gas in the syringe be heated/cooled in order to have a volume of 435 mL at 2.50 atm?
721 K
The unit of 1 atmosphere used to describe the pressure of a gas is equal to
760 mmHg???
What is the pressure, in mmHg, of a 4.00 g sample of O2 gas, which has a temperature of 30.0 °C, and a volume of 3.00 L?
788 mmHg
How many grams of glucose are needed to prepare 400. mL of a 2.0% (m/v) glucose solution?
8.0 g
What volume (mL) of a 15% (m/v) NaOH solution contains 120 g NaOH?
8.0 x 102 mL
Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq) When 25.0 g of Zn reacts, how many L of H2 gas are formed at 25 °C and a pressure of 854 mmHg?
8.32 L
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq) When 25.0 g of Zn reacts, how many L of H2 gas are formed at STP?
8.56 L
To what temperature must a balloon, initially at 25°C and 2.00 L, be heated in order to have a volume of 6.00 L?
894 K
How many milliliters of a 9.0 M H2SO4 solution are needed to make 0.25 L of a 3.5 M H2SO4 solution?
97 mL
Which of the following compounds is not an Arrhenius acid?
?? the answer is not CH3CO2H
The temperature is changed from 50 °C to -150 °C at constant pressure.
A
Choose the statement below that is TRUE.
A weak acid solution consists of mostly nonionized acid molecules.
Which one of the following compounds will be insoluble in water? LiOH NaNO3 K2S BaSO4 MgCl2
BaSO4
The balloon is put into a chamber whose pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure and at atmospheric temperature.
C
________ is the active component in vinegar.
CH3COOH
When dissolved in water, of HClO4, Ca(OH)2, KOH, HI, which are bases?
Ca(OH)2 and KOH
Which one of the following compounds will be insoluble in water? CaCO3 Pb(C2H3O2)2 NH4Cl CaCl2 AgNO3
CaCO3
The volume of a gas is proportional to the temperature of a gas is known as
Charles's Law.
Give the net ionic equation for the reaction (if any) that occurs when aqueous solutions of H2SO4 and KOH are mixed.
H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l)
________ is found in carbonated beverages due to the reaction of carbon dioxide with water.
H2CO3
________ is found in carbonated beverages due to the reaction of carbon dioxide with water.
H2CO3 ??
The chemical formula for sulfurous acid is
H2SO3(aq).
Which one of the following compounds behaves as an acid when dissolved in water?
HBR
a net ionic equation for the neutralization reaction of HCN(aq) with NaOH(aq).
HCN(aq) + OH-(aq) → CN-(aq) + H2O(l)
When dissolved in water, of HClO4, Ca(OH)2, KOH, HI, which are acids?
HClO4 and HI
Which of the following is not a strong acid?
HF
Which pair of compounds is insoluble in water?
PbSO4 and Pb3(PO4)2
Which one of the following compounds will be soluble in water?
LiCl
Which one of the following compounds will be soluble in water? LiCl Cu(OH)2 PbCO3 CaSO4 AgCl
LiCl
Identify the polar solvent.
NH3
Which of the following molecules can form hydrogen bonds?
NH3
An aqueous solution of ammonia is found to be basic. This observation can be explained by the net ionic equation
NH3(aq) + H2O(l) → NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq).
Which contains the greatest number of chloride ions?
NOT all
Hydrogen bonds are a major factor in the structure of
NOT table salt DNA?
Water is a polar solvent and hexane (C6H14) is a nonpolar solvent. Which of the following correctly describes the solubility of the solute?
NaHCO3, soluble in water
Phthalic acid is a diprotic acid having the formula HO2CC6H4CO2H that can be converted to a salt by reaction with base. Which of the following is expected to be most soluble in water?
NaO2CC6H4CO2K
Give the net ionic equation for the reaction (if any) that occurs when aqueous solutions of Al(C2H3O2)3 and LiNO3 are mixed.
No reaction occurs.
A sample of argon gas at 300. °C and 50.0 atm pressure is cooled in the same container to a temperature of 0.00 °C. What is the new pressure, if volume and amount of gas do not change?
Not 105 atm mayb 23.8 atm
What ion is provided when Arrhenius bases dissolve in water?
OH-
When the combined gas law is rearranged to solve for V2, the following is the correct expression: V2 =
P1V1T2/P2T1.
Which one of the following compounds is soluble in water? CuS Pb(NO3)2 ZnCO3 Ag3PO4
PB(NO3)2
The mathematical expression of the ideal gas law is
PV = nRT
Which one of the following compounds will be insoluble in water? K2SO4 MgCl2 PbS NaOH LiNO3
PbS
Which one of the following compounds is insoluble in water? NaNO3 PbSO4 Rb2CO3 K2SO4
PbSO4
A solution is prepared by dissolving 2 g of KCl in 100 g of H2O. In this solution, H2O is the
Solvent
A solution containing more than the equilibrium amount is called
Supersaturated Solution
Which of the following correctly describes the process of inspiration (air entering the lungs)?
The lungs EXPAND, causing their INTERNAL PRESSURE TO DECREASE
A solution is formed at room temperature by vigorously dissolving enough of the solid solute so that some solid remains at the bottom of the solution. Which statement below is TRUE?
The solution is considered saturated.
Which of the following is NOT part of the kinetic theory of gases?
There is very little empty space in a gas.
When solutions of NaCl and AgNO3 are mixed,
a precipitate of AgCl forms
The solubility of KI is 50 g in 100 g of H2O at 20 °C. If 110 grams of KI are added to 200 grams of H2O,
a saturated solution will form.
Give the complete ionic equation for the reaction (if any) that occurs when aqueous solutions of MgSO3 and HI are mixed.
answer is not 2 H+(aq) + SO32-(aq) + Mg2+(aq) + 2 I-(aq)→ H2SO3(s) + MgI2(aq)
A hydrogen bond is
an attraction between a hydrogen atom attached to N, O, or F and an N, O, or F atom on another molecule.
Give the complete ionic equation for the reaction (if any) that occurs when aqueous solutions of lithium sulfide and copper (II) nitrate are mixed.
answer is not 2 Li+(aq) + S2-(aq) + Cu2+(aq) + 2 NO3-(aq) → Cu2+(aq) + S2-(aq) + 2 LiNO3(s)
a balanced net ionic equation for the reaction of Na2CO3(s) and HCl(aq).
answer is not CO32-(aq) + 2 H+(aq) → H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Which of the following is not a strong acid?
answer is not HCl
Which of the following compounds is an Arrhenius base in water?
answer is not HOClO2
Assume that an aqueous solution of hydroxide ion, OH-, represented by unshaded spheres, is allowed to mix with a solution of an acid, HnA, represented by gray spheres. Three possible outcomes are represented by boxes (a)-(c), where the black spheres represent An-, the anion of the acid. For clarity H2O molecules are not shown. Which outcome corresponds to the reaction: H2SO4 + 2 OH- → 2 H2O + SO42-?
answer is not box (b)
Assume that an aqueous solution of hydroxide ion, OH-, represented by unshaded spheres, is allowed to mix with a solution of an acid, HnA, represented by gray spheres. Three possible outcomes are represented by boxes (a)-(c), where the black spheres represent An-, the anion of the acid. For clarity H2O molecules are not shown. Which outcome corresponds to the reaction: HCN + OH- → H2O + CN-?
answer is not box (c)
According to the kinetic theory of gases, particles of a gas
are very far apart
An instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure is called a
barometer
Assume that an aqueous solution of hydroxide ion, OH-, represented by unshaded spheres, is allowed to mix with a solution of an acid, HnA, represented by gray spheres. Three possible outcomes are represented by boxes (a)-(c), where the black spheres represent An-, the anion of the acid. For clarity H2O molecules are not shown. Which outcome corresponds to the reaction: H3AsO4 + 3 OH- → 3 H2O + AsO43-?
box (a)
In a solution, the solvent
can be a solid, liquid, or gas
As the temperature of a gas increases, the density of the gas will
decreases
As you rise higher in Earth's atmosphere, the atmospheric pressure
decreases
When a 1.0 M solution of NaCl at 25°C is heated to 55°C, the
density decreases and the molarity decreases.
Give the major force between acetone and chloroform.
dipole-dipole
The O-H bond in water is polar because
oxygen is much more electronegative than hydrogen.
When solutions of NH4Cl and KNO3 are mixed,
precipitates of NH4NO3 and KCl form. OR no precipitate forms
The force of the collisions of gas particles against the walls of a container is called
pressure
According to the kinetic molecular theory of gas behavior, particles of a gas tend to move ________ in ________.
rapidly; straight paths
When some of the sugar added to iced tea remains undissolved at the bottom of the glass, the solution is
saturated
A solution is prepared by dissolving 2 g of KCl in 100 g of H2O. In this solution, H2O is the
solvent
In water, a substance that dissociates completely in solution is called a
strong electrolyte
When KCl dissolves in water,
the K+ ions are attracted to the partially negative oxygen atoms of the water molecule.
During the process of diluting a solution to a lower concentration,
the amount of solute does not change
Which statement about diluted solutions is false? When a solution is diluted
the concentration of the solution decreases.