Chemistry Periodicity and Atomic Structure

Which of the following is NOT true for the halogens? (a) They are nonmetals. (b) They show the -1 oxidation number in most of their compounds. (c) The electronic configuration of their outermost electrons is ns2 np6. (d) Their compounds with metals are generally ionic in nature. (e) Elemental halogens exist as diatomic molecules.

(c) The electronic configuration of their outermost electrons is ns2 np6.

Fluorine, chlorine and bromine are members of 1. the alkali metal group. 2. the alkaline earth metal group. 3. the halogen group. 4. the noble gas group. 5. the inert gas group.

3. the halogen group.

Isotopes of the same element vary in the number of _______________ they contain. A) protons B) neutrons C) electrons D) radioactive particles

B) neutrons

10) The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Nitrogen-15 has a greater mass number than nitrogen-14 because the atomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 contains _____. A) 7 neutrons B) 8 neutrons C) 8 protons D) 15 protons

B. 8 neutrons

Ionization energy is: A. how strongly an atom pulls electrons to itself when it is bonded to other atoms B. how much energy is needed to take an electron away from an atom C. how large an atom is D. the energy needed to add an electron to an atom

B. how much energy is needed to take an electron away from an atom

5) Knowing the atomic mass of an element allows inferences about which of the following? A) the number of electrons in the element B) the number of protons in the element C) the number of protons plus neutrons in the element D) the number of protons plus electrons in the element

C) the number of protons plus neutrons in the element

Which represents a neutral atom of calcium? a) 20 protons, 20 neutrons, 20 electrons b) 20 protons, 10 neutrons, 10 electrons c) 40 protons, 40 neutrons, 40 electrons d) 20 protons, 20 neutrons, 40 electrons

a) 20 protons, 20 neutrons, 20 electrons

Which best describes the relationship between subatomic particles in any neutral atom? a) The number of protons equals the number of electrons b) The number of protons equals the number of neutrons c) The number of neutrons equals the number of electrons d) The number of neutrons is greater than the number of protons

a) The number of protons equals the number of electrons

The atomic number corresponds to an atom's number of a) protons b) quarks c) leptons d) neutrons

a) protons

Cations are: a. Typically metals that have lost electrons b. Typically metals that have gained electrons : c. Typically metals that are neutralized

a. Typically metals that have lost electrons

The mass of a neutron is a. about the same as that of a proton. c. double that of a proton. b. about the same as that of an electron. d. double that of an electron.

a. about the same as that of a proton.

The most reactive metals are __________. a. alkali metals b. alkaline-earth metals c. halogens d. noble gases

a. alkali metals

A spherical electron cloud surrounding an atomic nucleus would best represent a. an s orbital. . b. a px orbital. c. a combination of px and py orbitals d. a combination of an s and a px orbital.

a. an s orbital. .

Elements in the same vertical column on the periodic table belong to the same _________. a. group b. alkali metals c. alkaline-earth metals d. period

a. group

The atomic number of chlorine, 17, indicates that there are seventeen a. protons in the nucleus. b. chlorine nuclides. c. neutrons outside the nucleus d. energy levels in the nucleus.

a. protons in the nucleus.

The s orbitals are shaped like a. spheres b. cones c. dumbbells d. clouds

a. spheres

For an electron in an atom to change from the excited state to a ground state state, a.) energy must be released b.) energy must be absorbed c.) radiation must be emitted d.) the electron must make a transition from a higher to a lower energy level

a.) energy must be released

Which of the configurations below would be a positive ion with a charge of one? a) 11 protons, 12 neutrons, 10 electrons b) 1 protons, 0 neutrons, 2 electrons c) 15 protons, 16 neutrons, 15 electrons d) 20 protons, 20 neutrons, 18 electrons

a.11 protons, 12 neutrons, 10 electrons

An atom of carbon whose mass number is 14 differs from an atom of carbon whose mass number is 12 in that it has _____________. a. 2 more protons b. 2 more neutrons c. 2 more electrons d. 1 more proton and 1 more neutron

b. 2 more neutrons

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different a. principal chemical properties. b. masses. c. numbers of protons. d. numbers of electrons.

b. masses.

A nuclear particle that has about the same mass as a proton, but with no electrical charge, is called a(n) a. nuclide. c. electron. b. neutron. d. isotope.

b. neutron

The set of orbitals that are dumbbell-shaped and directed along the x, y, and z axes are called a. d orbitals. . b. p orbitals. c. f orbitals d. s orbitals.

b. p orbitals.

For an electron in an atom to change from the ground state to an excited state, a.) energy must be released b.) energy must be absorbed c.) radiation must be emitted d.) the electron must make a transition from a higher to a lower energy level

b.) energy must be absorbed

If an isotope of sulfur has 16 protons, 17 neutrons, and 16 electrons, its mass number is ___________. a. 16amu b.. 33 amu c. 17 amu d. 49 amu

b.. 33 amu

6) Atoms of the same element must a) contain the same number of neutrons b) have the same mass number c) contain the same number of protons d) have equal numbers of protons and neutrons

c) contain the same number of protons

Aluminum-27 (atomic number 13) has: a. 13 neutrons, 14 protons b. 14 protons, 13 neutrons c. 13 protons, 14 neutrons d. 14 electrons, 13 neutrons

c. 13 protons, 14 neutrons

A sodium isotope consists of 11 protons, 10 electrons, and 14 neutrons. Its mass number is: a. 14 b. 24 c. 25 d. 11

c. 25

Uranium-238 (atomic number 92) and actinide has a. 92 neutrons, 146 protons b. 92 electrons, 146 protons c. 92 protons, 146 neutrons d. 119 protons and 119 neutrons

c. 92 protons, 146 neutrons atomic number = number of protons atomic weight = number of protons + neutrons

The nucleus of an atom has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT that it a. is positively charged.b. is very dense. c. contains nearly all of the atom's mass d. contains nearly all of the atom's volume.

c. contains nearly all of the atom's mass

The p orbitals are shaped like: a. spheres b. cones c. dumbbells d. clouds

c. dumbbells

As the atomic number increases, the number neutrons in a neutral atom: a. decreases b. stays the same c. increases

c. increases

The amount of energy required to gain an electron from an atom is the atom's: a. ionization affinity b. electron stabilization factor c. ionization energy

c. ionization energy

A cation is known as a: a. negative ion b. isotope c. positive ion

c. positive ion

Ions are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of: a. protons and neutrons b. neutrons and electrons c. protons and electrons d. none of the above

c. protons and electrons

An atom is electrically neutral because a. neutrons balance the protons and electrons. b. nuclear forces stabilize the charges. c. the numbers of protons and electrons are equal. d. the numbers of protons and neutrons are equal.

c. the numbers of protons and electrons are equal.

An atom is electrically positive because a. neutrons balance the protons and electrons. b. nuclear forces stabilize the charges. c. there are more protons than electrons d. there are more electrons than protons.

c. there are more protons than electrons

The electron configuration of a neon atom (Ne) is 1s^2 2^2 2p^6. The atomic number of neon is: a. 2 b. 4 c. 8 d. 10

d. 10 add up the exponenents

A sodium isotope consists of 11 protons, 11 electrons, and 12 neutrons.Its mass is: a. 11 b. 12 c. 22 d. 23

d. 23 (protons + neutrons = mass)

A certain atom has 26 protons, 26 electrons, and 30 neutrons. Its mass number is __________. a. 26 b. 52 c. 30 d. 56

d. 56

All atoms of the same element have the same a. atomic mass. b. # of neutrons . c. mass number. d. atomic number.

d. atomic number.

Which of the following is true about halogens? a. They all have 7 valence electrons b. They all form bonds with alkaline metals c. They are metals d. both a and B

d. both a and B

Which element will have the greatest ionization energy? a. chlorine b. sodium c. iron d. fluorine

d. fluorine