chemistry review

Which statement describes the particles of an ideal gas based on the kinetic molecular theory? 1) The volume of the particles is considered negligible 2) The force of attraction between the particles is strong 3) The particles are closely packed in a regular repeating pattern 4) The particles are separated by small distances relative to their size

1) The volume of the particles is considered negligible

Which emission causes the atomic number of a halide to decrease by 2 and it's mass number to decrease by 4? 1) an alpha particle 2) a beta particle 3) gamma radiation 4) a positron

1) an alpha particle

Compared to the mass and the penetrating power of an alpha particle, a beta particle has 1) less mass and greater penetrating power 2) less mass and less penetrating power 3) more mass and greater penetrating power 4) more mass and less penetrating power

1) less mass and greater penetrating power

What is the amount of heat absorbed when the temperature of 75 grams of water increases from 20.°C to 35°C? 1) 1100 J 2) 4700 J 3) 6300 J 4) 11 000 J

2) 4700 J

Which formula represents an unsaturated hydrocarbon? 1) CH4 2) C2H4 3) C3H8 4) C4H10

2) C2H4

The atoms of which element bond to one another in chains, rings, and networks? 1) Barium 2) Carbon 3) Iodine 4) Mercury

2) Carbon

Based on Table I, which compound dissolves in water by an exothermic process? 1) NaCl 2) NaOH 3) NH4Cl 4) NH4NO3

2) NaOH

Which value is defined as the difference between the potential energy of the products and the potential energy of the reactants during a chemical change? 1) heat of fusion 2) heat of reaction 3) heat of deposition 4) heat of vaporization

2) heat of reaction (think about the drawing)

Which sample of matter sublimes at room temperature and standard pressure? 1) Br2(l) 2) Cl2(g) 3) CO2(s) 4) SO2(aq)

3) CO2(s)

Which ion is the most easily reduced? 1) Zn2+ 2) Mg2+ 3) Co2+ 4) Ca2+

3) Co2+

Equilibrium can be reached by 1) physicial changes only 2) nuclear changes only 3) both physical and chemical changes 4) both nuclear and chemical changes

3) both physical and chemical changes

The ratio of the mass of U-238 to the mass of Pb-206 can be used to 1) diagnose thyroid disorders 2) diagnose kidney function 3) date geological formations 4) date once-living things

3) date geological formations

The degree of polarity of a covalent bond between two atoms is determined by calculating the difference in their 1) atomic radii 2) melting points 3) electronegativities 4) ionization energies

3) electronegativities

Which radioactive emission has the greatest penetrating power but the least ionizing power? 1) alpha particle 2) beta particle 3) gamma ray 4) positron

3) gamma ray

Which information is sufficient to differentiate a sample of sodium from a sample of sliver? 1) the mass of each sample 2) the volume of each sample 3) the reactivity of each sample with water 4) the phase of each sample at room temperature

3) the reactivity of each sample with water

Using equal masses of reactants, which statement describes the relative amounts of energy released during a chemical reaction and a nuclear reaction? 1) The chemical and nuclear reactions release equal amounts of energy. 2) The nuclear reaction releases half the amount of energy of the chemical reaction. 3) The chemical reaction releases more energy than the nuclear reaction. 4) The nuclear reaction releases more energy than the chemical reaction.

4) The nuclear reaction releases more energy than the chemical reaction

Table sugar can be separated from a mixture of table sugar and sand at STP by adding 1) sand, stirring, and distilling at 100c 2) sand, stirring, and filtering 3) water, stirring, and distilling at 100c 4) water, stirring, and filtering

4) water, stirring, and filtering

What is oxidation reduction?

Oxidation is loss of electrons Reduction is gain of electrons

What is a molecular formula?

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

What is an empirical formula?

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

What is thermal energy?

kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules

What is sublimation?

solid to gas

What is transmutation?

the conversion of an atom of one element to an atom of another element