Chemistry: Solutions, Acids, and Bases
Calculate the hydrogen-ion concentration [H+] for an aqueous solution in which [OH-] is 1x10-11 mol/L. Is this solution acidic, basic, or neutral?
[H+] = 1x10-14/1x10-11 = 0.001M, pH = -log(0.001) = 3, acidic
In a neutral solution, the [H+] = ___?
1x10-7
What can you look for to determine if a solution is basic?
a pH above 7
What is an electrolyte?
a solute that splits into ions when dissolved
What does soluble mean?
able to be dissolved
What is dilution?
adding more solvent to a solution
Which type of solution is one with a pH of 8?
base
You have 0.8 L of a 0.5 M HCl solution. How many moles of HCl does this solution contain?
0.4 moles HCl
You have 3.50 L of solution that contains 117.0 g of sodium chloride, NaCl. The molar mass of NaCl is 58.5 g/mol. What is the Molarity of the solution?
0.57 M
What is the molarity equation?
M = moles/liter
What is the molarity unit?
M or moles/liter
If you have 140mL of a 3.2 M solution of HCl what would the molarity be if you added 60mL of water?
M1V1 = M2V2 M2 = 2.24 M
If you have 230mL of a 6.3M solution and you dilute the solution to 4.0M, what is your final volume?
M1V1 = M2V2 V2 =362.25 mL
What is the hydrogen-ion, [H+], concentration if the pH is 3.7?
[H+] = 10-3.7 = 2x10-4
How do you get recrystallization to occur in a supersaturated solution?
add more solute
What type of mixture is a solution?
homogeneous
What is the name for this acid, HCl?
hydrochloric acid
What is the name for this acid, HNO3?
nitric acid
What is the pH of a solution with a concentration of 0.01M hydrochloric acid?
pH = -log(0.01) = 2
What is the pH if the hydrogen-ion concentration is 6.8 x10-6?
pH = -log(6.8 x10-6) = 5.2
What is the pH when the hydrogen ion concentration is 7.0x10-3 M?
pH = -log(7.0x10-3) = 2.15
If [OH-] = 1x10-4 M, what is the pH of the solution?
pOH = -log(1x10-4) = 4, pH = 14 - 4 = 10
If the pH is 9, what is the concentration of hydroxide ion (OH-)?
pOH = 14 - 9 = 5, [OH-] = 10-5 = 0.00001M
What is the difference between saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated?
saturated has as much solute dissolved that can be, unsaturated can dissolve more solute, and supersaturated has more solute dissolved than should be
What are some properties of a base?
taste bitter, corrosive, conduct electricity, slippery feeling
What are some properties of an acid?
taste sour, corrosive, conduct electricity
What 3 factors affect the rate of dissolution?
temperature, stirring, and surface area
What is molarity?
the concentration of a solution
What does aqueous mean?
the ion is in solution
What is the difference between a solute and a solvent?
the solvent does the dissolving and the solute gets dissolved