CHES exam
Which of the following is an example of a correctly written learning objective?
"Individuals participating in the health education program will be able to identify 3 ways to protect their skin from the sun by the end of the program."
In general, at what grade level should materials be written to account for the health literacy of most adults?
8th grade
A physical fitness assessment was given after a physical activity and exercise intervention was conducted with upper elementary, middle, and high school student groups. To determine if there was a statistically significant difference between the groups, which type of bivariate data analysis should be conducted?
ANOVA
A health education specialist needs to find an instrument to measure program impact. Which database is best for this?
HaPI
Which of the following questions does NOT help to assess the accuracy of a resource?
Is the information compatible with the community context?
A health education specialist is searching for a valid information source specifically addressing a population's health status, health questionnaires, and health care delivery trends. The best source to use would be:
NCHS
A health education specialist is trying to find data on emergency room visits and hospitalization in the community. Which of the following secondary sources is the best source of this data?
NHCS
Which organization is a reliable source for data related to disabilities resulting from automobile crashes that would be used in health education program planning?
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
To deal with the greatest drawback to a multilevel strategy intervention, which of the following models should be followed?
RE-AIM
A process to ensure the readability of intervention materials and items used to collect data is:
SMOG
In the strategic planning process, a health education specialist is charged with analyzing assets and areas of weakness in an organization's activities. Which of the following stages of strategic planning would allow for this analysis?
SWOT analysis
A health specialist is developing a new web site as part of an intervention for people with visual disabilities. Which law should the health education specialist review and consider when developing the web site?
Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act
A local health agency matches senior staff to new hires during their first year. A health education specialist is considering ways to mentor new staff. Which of the following mentoring strategies is most likely to help new hires adjust to the job?
The health education specialist has a new hire join an ongoing project to see how it is currently being handled.
Which of the following is a SMART training objective?
Training participants will be able to list 3 resources for patients who report sexual misconduct by the end of the training session.
A health education specialist is developing a tobacco prevention program. The health education specialist is looking for evidence-based interventions as part of his/her planning process. The least helpful resource would be:
U.S. Census databases
A health education specialist has a request to develop a worksite training to be implemented with a company that focuses on technology security. Management within the company is trying to find a time to schedule a series of training sessions that may change dietary behaviors, but one common meeting time for all employees is not feasible. What is the health education specialist's best opinion, based upon the content and needs of the company?
create an interactive distance learning module that employees can complete as they have time
To help improve intervention fidelity, a health education specialist should create:
an implementation plan
A hospital would like to post information throughout the facility to increase awareness of the potential dangers, spread, and prevention of influenza. Which format would best accomplish this?
an infographic with data and short messages
When establishing the reliability and validity of an existing measurement tool, the evaluator should conduct:
an item analysis
When forming coalitions, which of the following should occur first?
analyze the issue or problem that will be the focus of the coalition
Among program participants, smoking rates will decrease by 35 percent in 12 months is an example of a/an:
behavioral objective
To understand the three human subjects protection guidelines of "respect for persons," "beneficence," and "justice," one would look to the:
belmont report
A benefit of asynchronous training is:
busy adults can fit the training into their schedules
Conflict may occur in a community health coalition. Which of the following is the most appropriate order for implementing the steps in the conflict resolution process?
clarify perceptions, build shared positive power, create options, create goals and objectives, and assure benefit of both parties involved
A health education specialist has completed a quick assessment of the Stages of Change in the priority population. According to the assessment, most individuals are not quite ready to take action, but are beginning to think about taking action. They do not have any immediate plans, but are willing to listen to what the health education specialist has to say. What is the likely stage of participants?
contemplation
The intervention program is doing so well it needs to be expanded; however, the sponsoring agency has limited funding for expansion. The health education specialist found another agency willing to provide a larger venue in exchange for access to the sponsor's educational library. This method of financing the program is called:
copporative agreements
Which analysis measure assesses the economic efficiency of health education programs when the health outcomes are disparate?
cost benefit analysis
A weight management intervention was delivered as a face-to-face class and as an online module. To compare costs for all program materials, trainings and staff time between the two delivery methods, which type of analysis should be conducted?
cost-effectiveness
Due to financial constraints, a research team is only recruiting participants from 3 hospitals in the local metropolitan area. In doing so, the researchers have established:
delimitations
If a health education specialist wished to use the application level of Bloom's taxonomy in an intervention aimed at decreasing saturated fat consumption, what might the health education specialist have the priority population do?
demonstrate how to prepare a healthy meal
A health education specialist is planning to train staff from partners and community members to help implement a healthy food access initiative with corner stores and convenience stores. A needs assessment is being planned to identify trainee knowledge on the subject. What should the assessment focus on?
desired learning outcomes
Which of the following is the first step in designing a survey?
determining the objectives of the survey
A health education specialist is planning a training to improve cancer education skills for lay health workers to educate minority communities. What is the second task he/she should complete to accomplish this goal?
develop a plan for conducting the training
Following the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model, which type of factor in the educational and ecological assessment would assess whether community members have adequate access to oral health care:
enabling
A health education specialist is serving as a consultant to a local community-based organization. The client's needs have been identified. What should his next step be?
engagement
The trainer's primary responsibility is to:
ensure program objectives are met
When identifying root causes of health issues, it is important to consider multiple factors. If a community would rather ignore a drug problem than address it, this is an example of which type of factor?
environmental
The school wellness committee placed speed bumps on all school parking lots bordering school playgrounds. This is an example of which type of intervention strategy?
environmental change
The health education specialist is charged with establishing collaborative relationships with organizations to gain access to data for country wide community needs assessments. Which of the following is the best approach to secure the data needed?
establish a data sharing agreement including the outcome, purpose, data ownership, and conditions of release
What is the best first step in developing a health education program budget?
establish program goals
The most critical step in the implementation process is to:
get the priority population to accept the program
In a priority population, the infant mortality rate and overall death rate for mothers with less than a high school education is almost twice as high as mothers with 13 or more years of education. These are examples of:
health disparities
Providing access to fruit and milk in a school vending machine is an example of which of the following strategies?
health engineering
Smoking bans in restaurants are which type of strategy in a community-based smoking prevention pogram?
health policy
A university health education specialist is implementing a program for females on campus about the HPV vaccine. Which statement would be reflective of Preparation in the Stages of Change?
i have decided to get the vaccine this week
A health education specialist is creating a program and is concerned about the sustainability of the program. Which of the following actions creates the greatest likelihood for sustainability?
identify partners and stakeholders who can help with sustainability during the planning process
A foodborne outbreak has closed three local restaurants, and epidemiologists and food safety staff are hoping to identify the outbreak source. Health education specialists and communication specialists plan to use earned media and social media to educate local community members about the outbreak. What should the health education specialists and communication specialists do first?
identify the audience
To determine the immediate effects of a health education program, the health education specialist should use which type of evaluation?
impact
The community heart health coalition was formed about one year ago, and it is now in the process of collecting needs assessment data and creating a strategic plan. This coalition is cycling through which stage of coalition development?
implementation
In the study of acute diseases, which morbidity rate is important to calculate?
incidence rate
Communication aimed at patients with non-life threatening medical conditions is primarily developed to:
increase awareness of the potential effects of the condition
The health education specialist, employed at a university, is preparing a grant proposal. Generally, in which category would one find costs associated with facilities and administration?
indirect
Using a socio-ecological model in a school setting, the school would be considered as which level?
institutional
Of the following educational techniques, which is more likely to enhance the retention of people participating in a program?
involve them in an activity during a session
An objective that is concerned with increasing social support is what type of objective?
learning
The health education specialist called their state legislator and asked them to specifically support a bill to require 60 minutes of physical activity in school. Which of the following terms would describe this activity?
lobbying
A health education specialist is interested in attempting to change norms which encourage teenage pregnancy. What strategy should the health education specialty employ?
media advocacy
A nonprofit agency can perform lobbying as long as that lobbying:
meets federal guidelines and does not exceed a certain percentage of the nonprofit's activities
One of the first considerations when determining the potential appropriateness of an external organization for collaboration is an alignment of:
mission, vision, and values
The Multi-level Approach to Community Health, or MATCH, refers to a:
model to help guide the delivery of a health education/health promotion program
When a researcher is conducting a study, it is important to remain ____________ to reduce ____________.
neutral;error
A health education specialist collects data with a "yes" or "no" response option. This is what type of data?
nominal
After his partner was diagnosed with breast cancer, an older citizen of a community is overwhelmed by the amount of information on the topic on the Internet. He asks how to sort through the information to find reputable sources?
only visit sites that end in .gov, .org, or .edu
A community agency is targeting a variety of social ecological levels to help reduce drug use in the community. Some of the levels will take substantially more time to target. Rather than wait for all aspects of the intervention to be ready, the agency looks to begin with one level and then will add in other levels over time. This is an example of:
phasing in
A health education specialist would like to attend a school board meeting to discuss safety issues in the school. Though multiple forms of data will be used, which of the following will cause a more emotional reaction to evidence the necessity of an intervention?
photovoice or story telling from the students' point of view
A health education specialist creates a draft fact sheet about asthma. She recruits a group of 6 parents to read the fact sheet and answer a series of questions. This is an example of:
pilot testing
Administrative support was secured and a program planning committee was formed for a school-based health promotion program. Which of the following should the committee members identify next before advancing the needs assessment process?
planning parameters
Because a budget is aligned to resources and elements of the strategic plan, the health education specialist must develop the budget during the:
planning process
In a community, twice as many people died over the course of one year in house fires than in car crashes. Community members demand the health education specialist immediately create a fire prevention intervention. Before planning the fire prevention intervention, the health education specialist should first determine the:
population at risk
Effect sizes describe the magnitude of difference between two groups and allow researchers to determine the __________of the research findings.
practical significance
Which of the following are elements of conducting an effective employee/staff appraisal?
present the appraisal verbally and in writing and allow opportunities for discussion
A hospital is expanding outreach services and facilities with a new unit focused on prevention and the treatment of chronic disease. The health education specialist is tasked with gathering local data on these conditions. Which is the most useful rate to use?
prevalence rate
Before implementing a program, a health education specialist should develop "how-to" materials for implementing the program. This is called a:
procedural manual
By 2018, volunteers will distribute informational fliers to at least 50% of program participants. This is an example of which type of objective?
process
During a health education program, questions about whether the participants like the instructional materials and if instructors find them easy to use are examples of:
process
Measuring program reach and response is an element of which type of evaluation?
process
A health education specialist successfully implemented a smoking cessation intervention for tenants in public housing. To maintain the work, what ecological level should the health education specialist focus on to help tenants sustain their smoking cessation?
public policy
With so many changes in health education and health-related policy on a daily basis, it is essential that health education specialists advocate for professional development for the field. Which of the following is a way to advocate for professional development in the field of health education?
publish articles in peer-reviewed journals on the importance of professional development
Which method represents a secondary source for a needs assessment?
published data from a CDC article
In a behavior change intervention for weight management following social cognitive theory, participants are asked to list both positive and negative environment influences on their snacking behavior. The concept applied in this type of exercise is called:
reciprocal determinism
If selecting items from an existing instrument, which of the following is the correct procedure?
retain scales to cover an entire domain, rather than select one question for a complex domain
While hiring new employees, the health education specialist should contact the candidates' professional references and validate the employee's degrees. In doing so, discrepancies may be:
revealed prior to hiring
During a teen pregnancy program, the health education specialist discusses confidence so participants can talk to their partners about using a condom. The construct he/she is focusing on is:
self-efficacy
The health education specialist's advocacy efforts are starting to be successful. The city council has voted 4-1 to hold a town hall meeting to discuss a clean indoor air ordinance. Which type of advocacy benchmark is this?
shift in critical mass
Health illiteracy, economics, and poverty are considered which type of factors that cause racial and ethnic health disparities?
societal
In a meeting, community members offer suggestions for curbing the community's obesity problem. They focus on the behaviors of individuals in the community, thinking if community members change their dietary behaviors, then the obesity problem will be solved. A health education specialist explains the solution is not this simple because:
sometimes behaviors are influenced by other factors, such as lack of access to health food, that are out of a persons control.
Which of the following is an example of grassroots advocacy?
starting a community petition drive
When implementing well designed health education class lessons for adult learners, the health education specialist should incorporate which of the following adult learning principles?
stating the purpose of the lesson
The questions, "What steps are necessary to move the organization towards the desired future? What progress is being made?" are used during what process?
strategic planning
The Healthy Families Network holds an annual conference. In order to evaluate the conference and gather information from the participants, what is the best way for the health education specialist and collect this information?
surveys or feedback forms
The researcher needs to select a probability sample of smokers and nonsmokers and wishes to randomize participant selection. He/she divides the population by those two characteristics and then randomly selects subjects from the two groups. This type of sampling procedure is called:
systematic
Which type of literature review typically identifies current gaps in the literature after comprehensively reviewing the literature on a topic?
systematic review
In a health education program, participants are asked about their readiness for change so that content in a message can be personalized. This is an example of:
tailoring a message
A health education specialist working in the medical clinic has just demonstrated how to correctly use a peak flow meter to staff. Which technique should be used to ensure the client understands the demonstration?
teach back
A health education specialist serves as a patient educator at a hospital. Part of his/her job is to work with patients who have recently suffered a heart attack. This is an example of:
tertiary prevention
A local group was interested in identifying evidence-based interventions to guide the development of a community wide effort to increase physical activities. Participants would be included in decision-making. Which of the following tools might be most useful?
the community guide to community preventive services
When reporting a program's evaluation results to community members, the most important aspect to highlight is:
the participants' perceived benefits of the program
One use of logic models is to:
track if activities produce outputs that lead to outcomes
A health education specialist is working with populations with low health literacy levels. In creating materials for this population, which of the following is essential in resource development?
use simple terms
An instrument measuring what it purports to measure is said to be ______________, while an instrument repeatedly producing the same results is said to be _____________.
valid; reliable
Healthy Children in Healthy Communities is an example of:
vision statement
A health education specialist does not have additional staff to assist with data collection, data entry, or analysis, and has a tight timeline for data collection and analysis. Which of the following is a feasible method for a health education specialist to collect data on attitudes toward antismoking legislation in a region?
web based quantitative study
A health education specialist would like to present visual data regarding community assets. Which of the following can be used to achieve this?
GIS mapping
If a health education specialist is designing an intervention to be delivered using an emerging technology, which preliminary planning question is most important?
Does the priority population of interest use this type of technology?
A health education specialist is asked to find school health resources for physical activity. The most appropriate bibliographic database to search is:
ERIC
The health education specialist overhears two employees in a verbal debate about which department should receive the budget surplus generated this fiscal year. What is the best first step in conflict resolution in this situation?
analyze the conflict
A health education specialist wishes to use the ecological model in a needs assessment. Which of the following is an example of a way to assess levels of this model?
assessing attitudes, behaviors, policies, and social norms in a community
A local health department has decided to adopt an evidence-based program for obesity prevention with educational materials that are not completely compatible with the community it serves. In the process of adopting the materials to make them more suitable for the population, the health education specialist should be cautious not too:
change the core elements that make the program effective.
Which of the following are considered "safe" changes to materials or program activities when using a packaged health education program
changing texts or statistics
When presenting data to stakeholders or superiors in an organization, which of the following would best represent how percentages relate to each other as a whole?
charts
Newsletters, community meetings, public service announcements, and social networking sites are examples of:
communication channels
When pilot testing materials for an intervention, which of the following should be assessed before implementation of the program?
comprehension and acceptability of the intervention and materials
The sequence for pretesting health education messages focused on knowledge is:
concept development, partially completed materials testing, alternative materials testing, and final product.
An evaluation of a program has been conducted, and a health education specialist is preparing a report in a very tight timeline. Though all sections of the report are important for clarity and content, on which section should the health education specialist spend the most time since it likely will be read more closely by stakeholders?
conclusions
Prior to meeting with a legislator or policy maker, what would be the likely first step?
conduct research on the legislator
A health education specialist is managing a mobile health intervention collecting demographic and behavioral information about its participants. After discovering a breach in the program's data storage system, what is the manager's most pressing ethical issue?
confidentiality
In the process of selecting the most appropriate educational method to use in a health education program, which of the following guidelines should be used?
consider the nature of the audience and the purpose of the program
When inferring needs of a priority population, the health education specialist:
considers feedback from the priority population along with data collected on health issues in the population
When the results of a second survey instrument reinforce the findings of the first survey instrument, the second is said to have:
construct validity
A practicing health education specialist has entered into a helping process initiated by a client in order to establish an assistive relationship. This relationship is considered:
consultation
The intervention program is doing so well it needs to be expanded; however, the sponsoring agency has limited funding for expansion. The health education specialist found another agency willing to provide a larger venue in exchange for access to the sponsor's educational library. This method of financing the program is called:
cooperative agreements
The health department notices a spike in drug use of high school students in the county and wishes to predict which students could be at high risk in order to target an intervention program. They would like to determine the relationship between drug-use and demographic, as well as health behavior variables, and then determine which of these variables or combination of these variables best predicts drug use risk. They would conduct which two types of studies?
correlation and then multiple regression
A client comes to the health education specialist for health counseling and coaching. The client feels stress associated with unresolved conflict and poor coping patterns. The health coach decides to use which of the following approaches/theoretical orientations to counseling in order to meet his specific client need?
counseling for decision-making
The intervention program has been adopted, and the priority population is ready to participate. The implementation team needs to know their tasks and associated due dates, and the health education specialist needs a relatively simple way to track the team's projected and actual task completion progress. To meet both needs, as well as to identify and prioritize all of tasks needed for full implementation, the health education specialist creates a:
Gantt Chart
A health education specialist is asked to measure actual use of a walking trail in a local community. Which of the following methods is best to measure actual use of the trail over a period of a week?
Observation
Stakeholders are typically involved in the program planning process in many ways, except:
deciding on salary of key personnel
Print material was selected as the appropriate way to provide a take-home message to reinforce concepts presented during a behavior change intervention. The first step in planning the specific materials to be developed is to:
define the audience of the material
An agency needs volunteers at a local health awareness event. Before the recruitment campaign can begin, the best first step is to:
develop a volunteer job description
A health education specialist is having difficulty in segmenting the priority population when designing a marketing strategy for a health promotion intervention. Building the strategy on which of the following theories would help him/her segment the audience and assist with a marketing mix decision?
diffusion theory
In order for partnerships to be effective, their composition needs to reflect members that are knowledgeable about the populations they serve, reflect multiple domains in consideration of relative risks and protective factors, and possess a diverse representation. A model that facilitates this selection process is:
ecological model of health
A health education specialist schedules a panel to discuss issues with program staff related to an emerging disease. This is an example of what kind of strategy?
educational
When planning a smoking prevention program following the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model, data regarding self-efficacy to avoid smoking in an adolescent population would fall into which assessment phase?
educational and ecological assessment
Which of the following is true about successful partnerships:
effective communications should include feedback loops through which intentions, ideas, and information can be exchanged
Following the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model, assessing if community members have adequate access to oral health care services is which type of factor in the educational and ecological assessment?
enabling
In the correct order, what are the "six steps" of the CDC's framework for Program Evaluation?
engage stakeholders; describe program; focus on the evaluation design; gather credible evidence; justify conclusions; ensure use and share lessons learned
The health education specialist would use a prioritization matrix in which phase of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model?
epidemiological assessment
When planning a cardiovascular disease prevention program following the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model, data on high fatty acid intake would fall into which assessment phase?
epidemiological assessment
In health education presentations, which of the following is an appropriate guideline to promote learning?
establish the relevance of the information of learners
While working with a tight timeline, a health education specialist chooses to modify an existing instrument to measure self-efficacy in high school students. However, the original instrument was used in a college population. In order to use the instrument, the health education specialist must:
establish validity and reliability for the modified instrument in the high school population
The health education specialist is organizing a summative evaluation. Which evaluation design offers the most control over confounding variables?
experimental
A health education specialist finds there are more people requesting a smoking cessation program that can be accommodated. This is an example of which type of need?
expressed need
The health education specialist entered into a consulting relationship that required a contract between the consultant and client. This contract is considered:
external
When starting the advocacy process, the health education should develop:
fact sheet about the issue
A community coalition is seeking more information to understand the complexities of promoting the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine among teenagers to prevent cervical cancer. The health education specialist should refer them to which type of source for the most accurate information that is also relevant and useful to the coalition?
fact sheets from a federal health agency
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Framework for Program Evaluation, being "realistic, prudent, diplomatic and frugal" is part of which standard for effective evaluation?
feasibility
As a health education specialist monitors program implementation, he/she finds several lessons were not implemented as originally planned. This illustrates lack of:
fidelity
During delivery of a health promotion, it becomes apparent the amount of time allotted to each lesson or activity is not sufficient. The person delivering the program decides to delete some content to make the lesson fit. This action could result in a lack of:
fidelity
A national health education organization has developed a broad, long-term economic strategy to ensure program sustainability and expansion. What term best describes this strategy?
financial plan
A health education specialist has been asked to collect qualitative data from participants. Given a short time period to collect data, which method takes the least amount of time?
focus groups
A health education specialist is considering how people might adopt a program in order to understand how best to tailor specific messages. If the health education specialist wants to get the first people to adopt the program using the Diffusion of Innovations, which strategy might be best?
focus on how new and different the program is from what exists
Which of the following is an important learning principle for andragogy?
focus on problem solving skills rather than learning content
Performance appraisals and staff members and volunteers will normally:
focus on strengths and areas for improvement
The health education specialist signed a consulting contract to work with a 350-employee health care facility located in a large suburban location. Administrators requested an analysis of the high turnover among allied health professionals. Employee burnout may be related, and a program for employee stress management may be needed. The type of consultation the health education specialist has entered into would be defined as which of the following?
formal consultation
A health education specialist has collected some resources on drug use and prevention for various audiences. The CEO of a company would like to see information regarding prescription drug abuse. What is the best way to present this information to the CEO?
formal presentation
The social media campaign to change social norms related to teen pregnancy developed by a health education specialist is review by a group of adolescents from the priority population. Their feedback allows the health education specialist to make changes before implementing the campaign. What type of evaluation is this?
formative
The videos and accompanying workbook activities chosen for an intervention are pretested then revised and improved right before the start of the intervention. This type of evaluation is called:
formative
In planning a health education/promotion program, a health education specialist needs to develop a timeline for delivery of the intervention. Which of the following accomplishes this task?
gantt chart
The grantor has requested a grant process report from the grantee agency. The health education specialist was assigned the task of report preparation to maintain support for this project. Which of the following is the best first step in report preparation?
gathering the data
"The Moving Mommas Program will reduce risk of preeclampsia in Shelbyville" is an example of:
goal statement
The Cancer Control Coalition has decided that they have the capacity for and interest in planning for an advocacy campaign. Generally, the first step in advocacy planning is to address:
goals
Which section of a government grant proposal would most likely request the provision of a logic model?
goals/objectives
The health education specialist is meeting with a school health advisory council (SHAC) which is trying to encourage the district to adopt an evidence-based sexuality education curriculum. In preparing his/her presentation to the SHAC, the statistical health data related to STIs and teen birth rates is most likely to be effective if presented:
graphically
The healthy hearts coalition emails all PTA/PTO members and asks them to contact their district school board members to vote for the healthy snacks in school policy. This appeal is considered:
grassroots lobbying
The health education manager in charge of career development wishes to provide career development activities and resources to employees. Of the following, which are the most appropriate activities for career development?
having an assigned mentor
For people with less than 12 years of education, the infant mortality rate and overall death rate is almost twice as high as people with 13 or more years of education. These are examples of:
health disparities
Health risk appraisals are which type of intervention strategy?
health related community service strategy
Within the healthcare system, the primary function of the health education specialist is to:
help the client identify and understand their options
A health education specialist wants to collect ratio data on smoking rates. Which of the following questions would achieve this level measurement?
how many cigarettes do you smoke a day
When choosing a policy or issue to advocate on with a legislator, which criteria should be considered first?
how receptive the community or target population is to the proposed policy or advocacy effort
A researcher is studying the effects of a health education intervention on reducing obesity rates of employees at Company X. The researcher requires employees have a BMI of 30 or higher to participate in the study. The researcher is applying which type of criteria to restrict enrollment?
inclusion
In an urban area with high childhood obesity rates, first and second grade children were not able to identify more than five of ten fruits and vegetables. Many were from lower income families, where one or more adults in the household worked multiple jobs. There are no grocery stores in the area, and most families shopped for food at convenience stores. Though no one strategy is going to decrease obesity rates by itself, which would likely be most efficacious in decreasing rates of childhood obesity?
increasing fresh fruits and vegetable options at the convenience stores
Which represents primary sources that could be used for a community needs assessment?
informal interviews, observations, surveys
Informing participants in a training program of both the benefits and risks associated with training typically occurs within which procedure?
informed consent
Data storage is an example of which type of technology need?
infrastructure
The health education specialist is questioning whether pre-post health behavior changes recorded by trained observers over a long period of time can be directly attributed to his/her intervention. He/she is questioning which type of threat to the internal validity of evaluation?
instrumentation
When designing audience-centered, culturally appropriate health education materials, it is essential to:
involve the intended audience in development of materials
The local health promotion coalition elected to implement a single strategy intervention for a complex health problem because of its ease of implementation and lower cost. The health education specialist advises the use of a multi-strategy intervention in hopes that at least one or a combination of the strategies makes a difference; however, he/she understands that the greatest drawback to the multi-strategy intervention is:
it is difficult to separate the effects of each strategy in evaluation
For this objective, "women in the program will increase their physical activity rates by the 4th week of the program," what is missing?
it is neither specific nor measurable
When facilitating a training workshop on a new electronic medical records system at a clinic, the health education specialist is following the steps for successful training programs. He/she is confident in implementing the training steps as there is little difference between this process and general health education program implementation except for the need to specify:
job performance
A health educator has just begun his career after graduation. He is trying to make contacts with other professionals so that he can network and share ideas. Which of the following ways is the best way to achieve this?
join a professional health education organization
A health education specialist is working with several agencies to develop an intervention. When selecting strategies, which of the following should the health educator do first?
know their audience and what they have access to
Which of following is an example of a behavioral factor that must be considered to assess the root causes of racial and ethnic disparities?
lack of seat belt use
When attempting to get people to quit smoking, a health education specialist has to work through several adopter groups according to the Diffusion of Innovations. Many smokers have adopted the behavior change, but one group is particularly difficult to reach and is quick to dismiss efforts to change. This characterizes which group?
laggards
Which of the following is an example of a targeted law?
laws regarding child safety seats, specifically rear-facing infant seats
In the strategic planning process, after an organization defines or refines its mission statement, the next step is to:
list internal and external strengths and opportunities
A health education specialist would like to use a planning tool that outlines when specific tasks are to be accomplished before, during, and after a program. The health education specialist would also like to track actual accomplishment of these tasks using this same tool. Which of the following method would be most useful?
logic model
The agency administrator wants the big picture or summary of an intervention's resources, activities, and results. The health education specialist creates which of the following to put in his/her report to the administrator?
logic model
Which of the following is a common way to illustrate alignment of programs with an organization's mission and goals?
logic model
When considering materials to use for a health education/promotion program, which of the following should a health education specialist do first?
look for evidence-based interventions and use existing protocols and materials, if possible
From a fiscal perspective, which funds represent the portion of a project the applicant's agency or organization is providing?
matching funds
Forgetting to inform participants about the risks associated with physical activity before having the participants begin a program is an example of:
negligence
A health education specialist needs to determine specific alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use prevention needs and immediately prioritize those needs with a few experts from the priority population. Which primary data collection technique would be the best to use in this scenario?
nominal group process
A researcher is coding data to categorize individuals based on sex, race, and political party affiliation. What type of scale is the researcher using?
nominal scale
The health education specialist is working with a local community to institute a smoke free environment in local businesses, agencies, and restaurant throughout the entire community. What type of health strategy would the health education specialist implement in the community?
ordinance
When writing objectives for the worksite exercise promotion intervention, the health education specialist wishes to measure any morbidity, mortality, and health status change occurred as a result of the intervention. He/she would write which type of objective?
outcome
A health education specialist conducted an evaluation of the impact of a non-smoking policy on the smoking rate in a county using a pretest, posttest, comparison group design. If the smoking rate were lower in the intervention group and there were a statistical significance between the groups, which level of probability would indicate the results were leastlikely due to chance?
p=.001
After conducting a needs assessment, a health education specialist finds the community lacks the infrastructure to support physically active lifestyles. However, community members are more concerned about drug use in the community. In this example, drug use is a:
perceived need
During a needs assessment, the priority population identifies the desire for safe places to exercise in the community. They have identified:
perceived need
A health education specialist needs to conduct training for individuals who will be delivering the intervention. Which of the following is a critical consideration when conducting trainings?
personal characteristics of the instructor
A health education specialist has been charged to develop a comprehensive childhood obesity intervention in a community identified as having a high prevalence of childhood obesity. What planning model would best assist the health education specialist in developing the program?
precede-procede model
A health education specialist is planning a comprehensive community-based strategy to promote physical activity. In the planning process, the health education specialist would like to use the Social Marketing Model. If he/she takes into account the physiological impact of exercise for a sedentary person (such as muscle soreness), which of the 4 Ps is the health education specialist addressing?
price
Advocacy evaluation is typically an ongoing activity, given social and political environments are constantly changing. What type of health program evaluation is this similar to?
process
Advocacy evaluation often involves careful tracking of implementation throughout the advocacy effort. What type of program evaluation is this considered?
process
Working as a health coach to increase a client's physical fitness level, the health education specialist uses an intervention based on the Transtheoretical Model. He/she emphasizes behavioral activities including counter-conditioning and reinforcement using which core construct?
processes of change
A health education specialist wants to raise awareness among a general audience of the dangers of second-hand smoke. Which delivery method would reach a broader audience?
producing a public service announcement for local radio
Using a written questionnaire, a cross-sectional survey about personal alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use behaviors was administered to a priority population. The priority population for the survey did not respond. The health education specialist would then need to find other evidence that the behaviors occurred or did not occur using:
proxy measures
Health education specialists in a local health department are trying to understand mental health conditions common in those with chronic illness such as diabetes and cancer. Which of the following resources would be the best database to find mental health research articles?
psychinfo
What is the main difference between quasi-experimental and experimental study design?
random assignment of participants occurs in an experimental design
A researcher is analyzing a data set. The researcher computes the absolute difference between the highest and lowest score on a particular variable in the sample. The researcher has computed which statistic for this data set?
range
In a needs assessment for a drug prevention program in a community with high rates of prescription drug abuse, the following data was gathered: state data regarding prescription drug abuse, rates of prescription drug use in the community, trends in prescription drug abuse nationally, and costs of drug abuse. Which of these is a form of primary data?
rates of prescription drug use in the community
A current problem faced by organizations relying on volunteers is retention rate. In order to increase retention of volunteers, an organization might focus on which of the following?
recognition
A health education specialist visits elected officials to advocate for an evidence-based nutrition program. The health education specialist prepares a packet that summarizes the position statement that will be given during the visit. This is an example of influencing public policy in what way?
reinforcing the message
The health education specialist is directing a local youth health advisory group and a statewide youth coalition. In this role, the health education specialist is acting as a:
resource person
Conducting a capacity assessment focuses on identifying community:
resources
Which section of an original research paper presents evidence tested against the stated hypotheses or research questions and presents the statistical findings?
results
An organization is undergoing restructuring because of budgetary cuts, which in turn impacts health promotion efforts. Which approach to organizational change is occurring?
revolutionary
A health education specialist has a limited budget and is looking for baseline data. Which of the following may be a secondary data option to consider?
searching federal, state, city, and county open data portals
In a community-based heart disease intervention, mass hypertension screenings at the shopping mall were used as the "kick-off" activity. Which level of prevention are the screenings?
secondary
An outbreak of dysentery occurred in a community over the course of a week. The number of cases and time of onset of symptoms was determined. All who displayed symptoms ate sprouts at the same restaurant. For this outbreak, which type of epidemic curve can be prepared for the descriptive study?
secular
A researcher did not select a random sample of high school students across 3 high schools in a district, but instead selected only intact classrooms in one high school. The researcher is concerned that the results of the anti-drug intervention the research will be used for cannot be generalized to other high schools in the district. The researcher is concerned about which threat to external validity?
selection treatment interaction
In a worksite health promotion program for weight management, better results for behavior change were found when the program was more client-centered. To balance client autonomy and health education specialist direction, which specific behavior modification technique should be applied?
self-monitoring
A health education specialist is collaborating with the state health department on a training effort to implement effective physical activity programs. The training team has completed the first step, which was to determine training needs. What is the next step to advance the training?
set objectives
A health education specialist is assessing which resources to use in a smoking prevention campaign for a community. Because the health education specialist wishes to focus on primary prevention, which strategy is likely to reach the intended audience?
social media
One of the influences on health behaviors is the pressure to conform to what others in the priority population are doing. According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, which construct describes this phenomena?
subjective norm
An informal channel for communicating information about smoking policies at the work site could include:
support groups for smokers in a cessation program
The health education specialist has core substance abuse prevention coalition members in place and is currently broadening group representation. Some new members only contribute money to the coalition and are categorized as:
supporting participants
Which of the following is an effective strategy for a health education specialist to determine the training needs of parents of preschool children regarding infectious disease prevention?
survey parents of preschool aged children regarding their knowledge of infectious disease prevention
A health education specialist is trying to decide how to collect data for program evaluation in a program to improve nutrition in a low-income community sample. The health educator is looking to randomly select a small number of participants and assess their individual attitudes toward dietary behavior change and their dietary behavior. Which of the following data collection methods would be best to get the largest response rate in this sample?
surveys administered in person
A health educator is trying to decide how to collect data for program evaluation in a program to improve nutrition in a low-income community sample. The health educator is looking to randomly select a small number of participants and assess their individual attitudes toward dietary behavior change and their dietary behavior. Which of the following data collection methods would be best to get the largest response rate in this sample?
surveys administered in person
Which of the following provides direct support which builds capacity to complete prevention tasks?
technical assistance
Which type of reliability is important for ensuring any changes detected at the end of an intervention are due to the intervention itself, and not random fluctuation?
test-retest reliability
What would a health education specialist need to know to calculate age-specific death rates from cardiovascular disease?
the breakdown of deaths by age group and the midyear population by age
The health department administrator just returned from a meeting where someone used a focus group to gather data and now has a great idea. The administrator tasks the health education specialist with conducting a focus group of low income citizens from the south side of town to answer questions about which heart disease intervention the department should offer city wide. Knowing the limitations of this strategy, the health education specialist is rightfully concerned about:
the generilizability of the findings
Reach, recall, and media impressions are common metrics used to evaluate:
the impact of messages
A health education specialist is meeting with a college campus community to try to make the campus smoke free. In order to gain support from key stakeholders in the first meeting, which of the following should be the focus of the health education specialist's message?
the necessity for the change in policy
After the end of a year-long program, a partnership is being evaluated. The evaluation reveals that the results of the program are minimal, and the expense high for both partners. However, the community supports the partnership, and both agencies enjoy working together on the program. What is likely to be the finding of the evaluation report?
the partnership is not cost effective, and should be re-examined
The health education specialist chose the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model as the organizational framework for the needs assessment of a childhood obesity intervention. Which of the following best represents the Behavioral and Environmental Factors phase?
the school districts are institutions with agents that can make change
A health education specialist is concerned about HIV infection in the community. The health education specialist might use the data from a graph on estimated new HIV infections in the US, 2010:
to compare primary data in the community to better understand the community need
What is the main function of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
to protect human subjects involved in the research
Which one of the following is typically considered a good reason for a public health agency to seek outside help from someone other than a staff member?
to seek someone with specialized skills not available internally
Which of the following contains the correct steps in the generalized model of program planning and evaluation?
understand and engage the population, create a needs assessment, write goals and objectives, create intervention, implement the program, and evaluate intervention
Although the mortality rates of children have declined over the years, the leading cause of mortality in children is:
unintentional injury
If a health education specialist is trying to gain support for a program within an organization, which is one way to illustrate a rationale for the program to key stakeholders?
use a logic model to show how the program aligns with the organization's mission
When developing and preparing to implement an intervention, which of the following practices is most pedagogically sound?
use a mix of strategies to involve the learner
One of the ways to comprehensively engage the priority population in the program planning, implementation, and evaluation process is to:
use community-based participatory research
A health education specialist developed materials for the behavioral strategies in a multilevel intervention. He/she pilot-tested the strategies with adolescents in the priority population. After the pilot test, it was found that two of the lessons were difficult for adolescents to understand. What is the best way for the health education specialist to proceed?
use feedback to modify the lessons so adolescents will better understand them
Which of the following statements contains accurate principles to address low health literacy?
use graphs or charts, rather than tables or numbers, to show rates of illness or injury
During flu season, health education specialists often try to promote the flu vaccine to the general public. According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, a person who does not feel susceptible to the flu might not pay close attention to messages promoting the vaccine. How might a health education specialist craft a message in order to target this person?
use peripheral stimuli, such as pictures or video to increase attention
Understanding why participants drop out a program is important for establishing:
validity
The health education specialist is measuring the incidence of breast cancer in Texas in January 2015, which women would be counted for the numerator of the incidence measure?
women in Texas diagnosed with breast cancer in January 2015
The organization that accredits undergraduate teacher preparation programs is:
CAEP
Which of the following is a major health policy question faced at the national government (U.S. Federal) level?
What population groups should receive subsidized coverage from tax revenue?
Which question would be the most appropriate for the health education specialist to ask in the formative evaluation level of a consulting relationship?
What progress has been made to-date?
When developing advocacy plans, which questions would be considered last?
What tactics should be used to influence people?
Which question below would help a health education specialist with policy development?
What were the sources of the policy content?
When calculating mortality statistics in a population, the health education specialist needs to weigh deaths of the very young more than the deaths of the very old. Which of the following would he/she calculate?
YPLL
The executive director of an organization has returned the health education department's annual budget request. The director is asking for additional information about the proposal. All of the following information should be included in the responding budget justification except:
a literature review verifying the importance of the program and proposed budget
When working with consultants or contractors, it is necessary to secure:
a written agreement outlining the work needed
A nonprofit health association would like to hire the health education specialist in a formal consulting arrangement to implement and deliver direct services. The next step in the consulting project that the health education specialist needs to perform is:
action
A health education specialist notices one of the lessons is not working as planned. What is the appropriate way to proceed?
adapt the lesson to the learners' needs so they are able to understand the information or skill
A large group of tourists traveled on an ocean liner to a tropical island and developed an acute, flu-like illness. The suspected cause of illness is associated with cruising on this ocean liner. Health authorities need to know the number of all passengers who became ill, as well as those who traveled on the ocean liner. Which rate should the health education specialist calculate to provide information to health authorities?
attack rate
When creating a marketing plan for a program, which of the following should be identified first?
audience
A health education specialist was asked to provide a school district with accurate Web-based resources for their sexuality education program. What key items would a health education specialist assess?
author's credentials, web site's purpose, and references
Which level of training evaluation is the extent to which participants are employing the skills on the job?
behavior
Consumption, medication compliance, and self-care are considered which type of factors to health?
behavioral
When using the NREPP to inform program decision making, the health education specialist must recognize that although the quality of the research supporting intervention outcomes and the quality and availability of training and implementation materials has been rated, users should:
carefully read and understand the research results for each outcome
When creating the budget for a grant application, contributed income can be classified into which two categories?
cash and in-kind
A health education specialist receives four requests for training. Company One is a large company where employee health is relatively good. Company Two is a smaller company that has high health care costs and high absenteeism among employees. Company Three wants a training seminar on any health topic in order to fulfill policy requirements for employee training. Company Four wants to train three employees to do breast cancer screenings. Based on the urgency of the need for education and the potential impact on the organization, which company should be top priority for training from the health education specialist?
company two
The health education specialist must analyze the meaning of the data collected during the assessment and determine health education/promotion needs. If the health education specialist aggregates the data, which cognitive process of qualitative research is he/she focusing on?
comprehending
When creating a partnership, which of the following tasks should be completed first?
create partnership mission, goals, and outcomes
What is an important purpose of a pilot test for data collection instruments?
creating data collection protocol
A new HIV testing intervention is being planned to support efforts to increase screening rates. The intervention is planned to start in 6 months. Which of the following is a proven method to create a timeline and plan for the intervention?
critical path model
A process that is used in organizations, similar to a needs assessment, assesses assumptions and values related to health education/promotion. This is a:
cultural audit
In working with a community that has a large Spanish-speaking population, a health educator engages a lay-health worker early in the planning process to be sure that the program is planned, implemented, and evaluated appropriately. An advisory group is formed to assess the relevance of the program activities. These important steps are a way to help improve:
cultural competency
When planning an adult audience training, the health education specialist should include adult learning theory principles. Which of the following is an example of an adult learning principle to use when planning the training?
adults should be actively involved in planning and evaluation
A group of health education specialists run into a situation where they need to elicit specialized guidance and expert opinion on a specific health topic in order to aid in decision-making. Of the following, which type of group should be consulted?
advisory board
A health education specialist finds a Web site called The Teen Pregnancy Place, which provides a discussion board where pregnant and parenting teens can obtain advice and make friends on-line. It is unclear who developed the material or sponsors the site. A fact sheet regarding the weekly development of a fetus is provided, but no references are cited for the information it contains. A links page directs visitors to other Web sites for resources, services, and products related to pregnancy and parenting. Visitors to the Web site should assume that:
all of the information could be inaccurate
A health education specialist is developing health literature about symptoms of stroke and what steps are necessary to take action for adults in the community. What is the most valid source of information to use?
american heart association
Goals, organizational considerations, constituents, allies, opponents, targets, and tactics are all elements of:
an advocacy plan
Program planning begins with:
an assessment of existing health needs and problems
If a health education specialist wishes to use online surveys because of the ease of the data collection, but the priority population struggles with technology. This is a breach of which ethical principle in managing technology?
beneficience
A health education specialist gives data from an evaluation regarding drug use in a community to a community volunteer to enter. Some of the participants wrote their name on top of the survey. What ethical issue has occurred?
breach of confidentiality
A university is working with community health workers, and American-Indian tribe, and the Tribal Health Organization to implement a diabetes prevention program. Two-day training is being planned for the community health workers to ensure proper program delivery. What should the trainers do to create an inclusive learning environment?
build trust and respect between the learners and instructor(s)
When creating a marketing plan, the health education specialist must segment the audience. How does this occur?
by outlining specific portions of the priority population to focus on
The health education specialist hypothesizes a certain skin disease is more common in men who swim than men who do not swim. To study this specific disease-exposure relationship in order to determine if an associate exists for further study, the health education specialists conducts which type of study?
case/control study
When the health education specialist needs to measure the severity of a disease related to the degree of pathogenicity of the disease organism, he/she calculates the:
case fatality rate
