CHES Practice Exam Question (From 6th Edition)
a) Secondary-data that a researcher has not collected or created themselves. It can encompass an enormous range of highly original and extensive studies, including some of the largest and most careful collections of data
1. Data compiled by others, which may or may not have been directly obtained from the individual or population being assessed, is known as a) Secondary b) Primary c) Tertiary d) Internal
b) Healthfinder.gov-Offers information on common illnesses and conditions, and learn about personal safety and preventive health practices you and your family can use.
10. The website that provides health information for consumers is : a) MEDLINE b) Healthfinder.gov c) GEM d) National Center for Health Statistics
d) Internal-Internal consultant, a professional who is hired to solve an organizational problem and implement the solutions in order to improve the performance of an organization. On the contrary, external consultation are seen as independent players as opposed to internal advisors, who literally depend on their own organisation. This could possibly lead to trust issues between advisor and the client, who is also the employer in this case.
100. What are the types of consultative relationships where the health education specialist interprets and responds to health information requests without a formal agreement? a) External b) Cardinal c) Permissive d) Internal
b) It is exhaustive but not mutually exclusive-A collection of events is exhaustive if at least one of them must occur. A collection of events is non-exhaustive if it is possible for none of them to occur. Events are mutually exclusive if no two of them can occur simultaneously. Let X� be the result of rolling one six-sided die, and define events Eodd�odd (the result of the roll is odd) and Ei�� (the result of the roll is i�). The collection of events {Eodd,E1,E2,E4,E6}{�odd,�1,�2,�4,�6} is exhaustive. (The result must be odd, 11, 22, 44, or 66.) The collection {E1,E2,E3,E4}{�1,�2,�3,�4} is not exhaustive (the result could be 55 or 66), though its events are mutually exclusive. The events in {Eodd,E2,E4}{�odd,�2,�4} are mutually exclusive (no two can occur; also, the events are not exhaustive), and the events in E={Eodd,E1,E2,E3,E4,E5,E6}�={�odd,�1,�2,�3,�4,�5,�6} are not mutually exclusive (though E� is exhaustive), because both Eodd�odd and E1�1 can occur simultaneously.
101. The following is an example of a questionnaire item for undergraduate students: "What is your student status?" 1. Freshman; 2. Sophomore; 3. Junior; 4. Senior; 5. Transfer Which of the following most accurately describes this question? a) It is mutually exclusive but not exhaustive b) It is exhaustive but not mutually exclusive c) It is neither exhaustive nor mutually exclusive d) It is both exhaustive and mutually exclusive
c) asking & answering questions
102 When thinking theoretically about designing theory-based practice, the health education specialist is : a) altering program design b) evaluating constructs c) asking & answering questions d) analyzing pilot feedback
a) Determining intervention strategies
103. Pretesting participants' knowledge of effective weight management techniques may be most helpful in: a) Determining intervention strategies b) Guaranteeing that all participants lose weight c) Achieving appropriate body composition d) Learning what causes obesity
c) Limiting the number of program offerings-phased in; to start to use or do (something) gradually over a period of time: to introduce (something) slowly
104. Which of the following is an example of phasing in a health education program? a) Conducting the entire program on a small scale b) Serving participants who differ in demographic characteristics from the target audience c) Limiting the number of program offerings d) Offering the program at no cost
a) Organizational climate-represents staff perceptions of the impact of the work environment on the individual. This is the view of "how it feels" to work at the agency (e.g., supportive, stressful)
105. In terms of organizational culture, shared vision and sense of belonging are part of which of the following? a) Organizational climate b) Values c) Cultural norms d) Organizational support
c) Identifying useful existing data collection instruments-The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the nation's premier system of health-related telephone surveys that collect state data about U.S. residents regarding their health-related risk behaviors, chronic health conditions, and use of preventive services.
106. If a health education specialist considers using an instrument, like the BRFSS (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System), that has been validated and tested for reliability, they are : a) avoiding development of their own instrument b) practicing unethical behavior by using another instrument c) Identifying useful existing data collection instruments d) comparing their population's responses to research questions
d) Consultative-A consultant does the work; an advisor suggests tasks for the client to complete. For example, an advisor may recommend the client develop a one-pager to deliver to potential investors. The advisor will provide examples of one-pagers and provide feedback on the drafts of the one-pager. The advisor will not write the one-pager for the client.
107 The specific helping relationship created when a health education specialist assists an organization, but doesn't ultimately make direct changes is referred to as: a) Advisory b) Adversarial c) Technical d) Consultative
b) the health Education Profession Code of Ethics
108. A health education specialist is faced with a controversial issue in a health program. One of the first resources to consult would be: a) A community leader b) the Health Education Profession Code of Ethics c) A professional mentor d) the Internet
d) school aged youth-Develop a program and pretest have to have the same population as the project is directed.
109. A health education specialist is designing a health communication campaign to increase physical activity among school-aged youth. The best group to work with to develop and pretest the campaign's message and educational materials is: a) other health education specialists in the school's local community b) area medical and social service personnel c) local mass media experts d) school-aged youth
c) Enabling-health-related skills, and resources (e.g., training), facilitate a behavior's occurrence. Reinforcing factors occur after a behavior, and include the incentives and rewards, with the increased probability that the behavior will recur at the next opportunity
11. Having a walking trail nearby is an example of which factor related to behavior change? a) Predisposing b) Reinforcing c) Enabling d) Fostering
d) Ethical-The Fundamental Principles of Ethics. Beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice constitute the 4 principles of ethics. The first 2 can be traced back to the time of Hippocrates "to help and do no harm," while the latter 2 evolved later.
110. A health education specialist was randomly assigning research participants to control and treatment groups. The educator felt like one participant would benefit from the experimental group and intentionally assigned him/her to that group. The educator violated which of the following responsibilities of health education practice? a) Legal b) Moral c) Financial d) Ethical
b) Focus groups-Focus group research is a qualitative method with interesting properties. It is performed by planned discussion and interview with a small group of people conducted by a moderator
111. Which of the following is an example of qualitative data that can be used to compile community needs assessments? a) Census reports b) Focus groups c) Telephone surveys d) Mortality tables
c) Goal-A goal is an aspirational statement about what you want to achieve: Broad, future-oriented statement that describes expected effect. Defines scope
112. A broad, future-oriented statement reflecting the aim of a program is a: a) Project b) Mission c) Goal d) Behavioral objective
c) Consistency of the measurement process-Reliability is a consistency of a quantitative research study or measuring test.
113. A health education specialist specifically chooses an assessment tool with a high "test-retest" reliability to use in his/her program evaluation effort. Reliability refers to: a) Operational forms of the construct b) Systematic progression of the research steps c) Consistency of the measurement process d) Degree to which the tool measures what it is intended to measure
c. Identifying areas of concern-When conducting a needs assessment utilizing the three-phase model (Explore, Gather/Analyze data and Make Decisions). The first phase EXPLORE includes identifying areas of concern as well as preparing a management plan. Considering potential sources for data, and deciding on measurable indicators. The second phase GATHER/ANALYZE DATA includes not only gathering and analyzing data but also determining the target population, prioritizing needs, and summarizing the results of data analysis. The third phase MAKE DECISIONS includes identifying possible solutions, prioritizing and selecting solutions, and developing an action plan and preparing a report.
114. The health education specialist begins to gather information about the priority population by conducting a needs assessment. When conducting a needs assessment utilizing the three-phase model (Explore, Gather/Analyze data and Make Decisions). The first phase includes: a. Setting priority needs. b. Determining the target population c. Identifying areas of concern d. Gathering data
c) Key stakeholders of the agency-Participation by project stakeholders means sharing a common understanding and involvement in the decision-making process of the project. Participation by stakeholders leads to empowerment and to joint ownership of the project.
115. Health agency personnel are ready to review and adopt their new program's strategic plan. Who also should be included in this process? a) The entire community in the geographic area covered by the agency b) No one, just agency representatives c) Key stakeholders of the agency d) Local health education specialists
c) Currency-is important when evaluating factual information, since new research and information is constantly emerging. Note the date the website was created and updated, as the accuracy of the information contained in it may change with time.
116. Checking to see if a Web site has been updated evaluates the web site's : a) Domain b) Accuracy c) Currency d) Affiliations
a) Qualitative-type of research that explores and provides deeper insights into real-world problems.
117. The health education specialist wishes to describe a community's perceptions of its health needs, as well as its members' opinions about the local health department. Which type of research method is best? a) Qualitative b) Documentary c) Quantitative d) Procedural
b) Individual, interpersonal, institutional or organizational, community, public policy
118. The levels of strategies common to ecological models are : a) Interpersonal, institutional, state, federal b) Individual, interpersonal, institutional or organizational, community, public policy c) Intrapersonal, community, group, organizational, legislative d) Individual, community, local, state, national
d) social marketing-refers to the adoption of commercial, promotional technologies into programs that are intended to influence the response of target audiences to improve both the individuals' well-being and the well-being of the community in which they belong.
119. The process for influencing human behavior on a large scale, using marketing principles for the purpose of public benefit rather than profit is: a) health marketing b) market strategy c) health communication d) social marketing
b) Shifts in critical mass-refer to any context in which things change after a certain number of people get together or enter a setting. The term has been especially important in research and court cases about racial/ethnic or gender diversity in college admissions or employment (Addis 2007). Social movement activists and scholars often use "critical mass" in a loose metaphorical way to refer to an initial group of protesters or actors that is big enough to accomplish social change.
12. Your advocacy efforts are starting to be successful in a town that has historically been pro-tobacco. The city council has voted 4-1 to hold a town hall meeting to discuss a clean indoor air ordinance. Which type of advocacy benchmark is this? a) Community or individual behavior b) Shifts in critical mass c) Changing definitions/reframing d) Institutional policy
d) Reach the target audience
120 A health education specialist should primarily use instructional technology to: a) Secure funding support b) Ensure cultural sensitivity c) Identify objectives d) Reach the target audience
a) Reader friendly
121. In communicating evaluation findings to stakeholders, the health education specialist should produce a final report that is focused and: a) Reader friendly b) Scientifically descriptive c) Meets the needs of the author d) Exciting & engaging
b) Research or program objectives-describe what your research is trying to achieve and explain why you are pursuing it. Since Program evaluation is a systematic method for collecting, analyzing, and using information to answer questions about projects, policies and programs, particularly about their effectiveness and efficiency.
122. The choice of a data-collection method for a health education program evaluation is best linked to: a) computerized databases b) Research or program objectives c) Accuracy of the published information d) Interpretation of the research findings
c) Institutional
123. In the social-ecological model, a school or worksite would fall under which factor or level? a) Individual b) Interpersonal c) Institutional d) Community
d) Nutrition.gov
124. When using electronic resources such as bibliographic databases or Web sites, the health education specialist should analyze the info for accuracy and quality. Which Web site extension for the sample domain name is most likely to contain valid information? a) Nutrion.com b) Nutrition.epi c) Nutrition.usa d) Nutrition.gov
b) Benchmarks-allows hospitals and practices, individual clinicians, and other healthcare organizations to monitor their own performance, compared to their de-identified peers, as applicable. It can be applied to metrics about patient characteristics, volume, processes, outcomes or other meaningful categories
125. In order to help account for milestones in health advocacy work or policy change, it is helpful to use: a) A list of challenges b) Benchmarks c) Historical accounts d) Standards
d) Develop a comprehensive approach-is about developing mechanisms and cultures of understanding, sharing and collaboration, both vertically between nations and international organisations, and horizontally between nations and between organisations. Creating a culture of trust and knowledge among potential Comprehensive Approach actors before deployment to the field can bridge many cultural barriers and false presumptions.
126. The data collection and analysis plan for a needs assessment should : a) Delimit approaches for assessment b) Focus on one sub-population c) Discount stakeholder bias d) Develop a comprehensive approach
b) Below basic
127. Adults with which literacy level are most likely getting health information from TV and radio? a) Proficient b) Below basic c) Intermediate d) Advanced
a) Health professional or health organization
128. A client requests a specific health service. The best resource to use to respond to his/her information request is a: a) Health professional or health organization b) Health-related Web site c) Health promotion database d) Health software package
d) Building trust
129. To create a partnership, a health education specialist begins to create a relationship with personnel from another agency. They work together on a small project before deciding to partner on a larger, grant-funded project. This is an example of which principle in creating effective partnerships? a) Using data effectively b) Acknowledging & celebrating programs c) Minimizing turf wars d) Building trust
d) Subjective norm-the belief about whether most people approve or disapprove of the behavior. It relates to a person's beliefs about whether peers and people of importance to the person think he or she should engage in the behavior.
13. Adolescents are often influenced by their peers when making health decisions. According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, which construct describes this phenomena? a) Attitudes b) Perceived Behavioral Control c) Intention d) Subjective norm
d) Construct validity-the extent to which your test or measure accurately assesses what it's supposed to. In research, it's important to operationalize constructs into concrete and measurable characteristics based on your idea of the construct and its dimensions.
130. A health education specialist is investigating a data collection instrument to determine if the concepts in that instrument relate to the concepts of the theory upon which the program is based. He/she is considering the instrument's: a) Content validity b) Criterion validity c) Reliability d) Construct validity
b) Formative-process of gathering and analyzing feedback during the development or implementation of a program, project, or product. It identifies strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement, with the aim of making adjustments to improve the quality and effectiveness of the program or product.
131. Identifying and assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the way a health education specialist implements a program is best described as what type of evaluation? a) Simulation b) Formative c) Summative d) Impact
c) The curriculum is evidence-based-consists of practices that have been vetted through rigorous research.
132. A school health advisory team is selecting a health curriculum to be adopted and implemented in the school district. The first issue to consider is if: a) it will entertain students b) The community supports the curriculum c) The curriculum is evidence-based d) The political environment supports the curriculum
c) Holding the line-campaign of people to support or reject an idea.
133. After a clean indoor air ordinance passes with the help of advocacy efforts, Big Tobacco attempts to overturn it. A community health coalition stops its campaign. Which type of advocacy benchmark is this? a) Changing definitions/reframing b) Shift in critical mass c) Holding the line d) Institutional policy
c) Understand audience needs, develop goals/objectives, select appropriate methods, gather resources to aid implementation, evaluate effectiveness
134. The local Kiwanis Club asked a health education specialist to make a "healthy snacking" presentation to its group. Which of the following represents the correct order to plan and implement the presentation? a) Develop goals/objectives, understand audience needs, select appropriate methods, gather resources to aid implementation, evaluate effectiveness b) Gather resources to aid implementation, develop goals/objectives, understand audience needs, select appropriate methods, evaluate effectiveness c) Understand audience needs, develop goals/objectives, select appropriate methods, gather resources to aid implementation, evaluate effectiveness d) Develop goals/objectives, understand audience needs, gather resources to aid implementation, select appropriate methods, evaluate effectiveness
a) Use a variety of methods
135. A health education specialist has been asked to deliver a training program for individuals caring for patients with diabetes. With adequate funding and training expertise, he/she should: a) use a variety of methods b) only use advanced technologies c) avoid 1-1 interactions d) simply hand out print materials
c) IRB-Institutional Review Boards, review research studies to ensure that they comply with applicable regulations, meet commonly accepted ethical standards, follow institutional policies, and adequately protect research participants
136. This body functions to protect human subjects engaged in research studies : a) ISL b) BIR c) IRB d) BBB
c) Formal- Formal consultation is a mandatory process for proposed projects that may adversely af ect listed species, is initiated in writing by the Federal action agency (with the submittal ofthe Biological Assessment), and concludes with the issuance ofa biological opinion by the USFWS and NMFS (collectively, Services).. It follows a series of steps.
137. A local hospital has hired a company to work with the staff on team building. Time schedules, fees, and written goals and objectives have been developed. Which one of the following best describes this consultation process? a) Voluntary b) Informal c) Formal d) Required
c) Learning objective-help students know what they. will need to STUDY and what they'll be able to DO. after completing your course. They help you align your curriculum through. congruency with content, learning activities.
138. "Program participants will be able to correctly identify five sources of dietary fiber" is an example of : a) Behavioral objective b) Program objective c) Learning objective d) Mission statement
c) Belmont Report-identifies basic ethical principles and guidelines that address ethical issues arising from the conduct of research with human subjects.
139. To understand the three human subjects protection guidelines of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice, one would look to the: a) CHNEO Code of Ethics b) Informed consent process c) Belmont Report d) Geneva Convention Treaty
a) self-efficacy-an individual's belief in his or her capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments
14. During a physical activity intervention session, a health education specialist asks participants to brainstorm ways to overcome barriers to physical activity. This session is focusing on which construct from Social Cognitive Theory? a) Self-efficacy b) Self control c) Social Support d) Reciprocal determinism
a) American School Health Association (ASHA)
140. Which health education professional organization exists specifically to protect and promote the health of children and youth by supporting coordinated school health programs as a foundation for school success? a) American School Health Association (ASHA) b) Eta Sigma Gamma (ESG) c) American Association for Health Education (AAHE) d) American Public Health Association's School Health Education & Svcs Section (APHA-SHES)
b. within and outside the organization/environment
141. Administering strategies, interventions, and programs relates to improvement of factors: a) within the organization/environment b) within and outside the organization/environment c) outside of the organization/environment d) relative to the process, impact, and outcome of the organization/environment
a) Community Advocacy-provide emotional support to clients before, during and after proceedings such as restraining order and other family and criminal court hearings, as well as mediations, and interviews with law enforcement.
142. Which of the following is considered an example of a community mobilization strategy? a) Community Advocacy b) Health fair c) Mailed pamphlets d) Simulation activity
c) Collaborative problem solving
143. When facilitating groups of stakeholders in a project, the health education specialist encounters some conflict between the organizations. The most effective conflict management strategy to use is: a) Confrontation/fight b) Avoidance c) Collaborative problem solving d) Proactive planning
a) age-variable something that can take on different values. It may be in the form of numbers (such as weight or age), or non-numerical characteristics (such as occupation, ethnicity, education level or gender).
144. Data was collected from 20 samples of adults between 1987 and 2008, a health education specialist found that the average level of happiness reported by people less than 65 years old declined from 1987 to 1999. For this same group, the average level of happiness increased slightly from 2000 to 2008. In addition, the average levels of happiness reported by people aged 65 and older increased from 1987 to 2008. The variable of interest in this study is (are) : a) age b) Age 65 c) 2008 d) 1987 to 2008
d) Learning-centered approach-views learners as active agents. They bring their own knowledge, past experiences, education, and ideas - and this impacts how they take on board new information and learn. On the contrary content-centered approach is based upon the idea that various subjects contain essential knowledge, the mastery of which will make child an educated one.
145. A training that allows participants to learn by experience and is relevant to personal or work life is an example of which approach to learning? a) Content-centered approach b) Expert approach c) Experiential approach d) Learning-centered approach
b) Educational
146. A health education specialist schedules a panel to discuss Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer issues and trends to his/her program staff. This is an example of what kind of strategy? a) Community organizing b) Educational c) Communication d) Administrative/Policy
b) External
147. In this type of consultative relationship, the health education specialist provides mostly technical assistance, or process-directed services to the client. a) Internal b) External c) Independent d) Strategic
c) Consider the nature of the audience and the purpose of the program
148. In the process of selecting the most appropriate educational method to use in a health education program, which of the following guidelines should be used? a) Ensure that only one method is selected for implementation b) Recognize that the program location rarely affects method selected c) Consider the nature of the audience and the purpose of the program d) Realize that all methods are equally useful in any setting
b) Health belief model-theoretical model that can be used to guide health promotion and disease prevention programs. It is used to explain and predict individual changes in health behaviors. It is one of the most widely used models for understanding health behaviors.
149. If a person weighs their susceptibility to developing high cholesterol against his/her perceptions about the severity of high cholesterol, this describes two constructs in which theory or model? a) Social cognitive theory b) Health belief model c) Transtheoretical model d) Diffusion of Innovations
d) a strategic planning session-the process of analyzing a current situation within your organization and making sure it's aligned with your specific objectives. If it isn't, you and your team must develop a plan to "correct the path. helps you get from where you are today to the future you want. It's a way of breaking down big, daunting goals into manageable steps that address your current situation and guide your work.
15. The process of managing the constant change that affects almost any organization is best reflected by conducting: a) A focus group b) an evaluation c) an assessment d) a strategic planning session
a) HEDIR- Health Education Directory; a place for professionals in health education & health promotion to ask, answer, discuss, and debate topics in and around the health education profession.
150. Electronic mailing lists are used by health education specialists to send announcements and questions to others in the field. One example of an E-mailing list is: a) HEDIR b) CDP c) CHID d) USDHHS
b) Random error-a chance difference between the observed and true values of something (e.g., a researcher misreading a weighing scale records an incorrect measurement).
151. If a child responded to a questionnaire but didn't understand the complex language, his/her answers will contain: a) Social desirability bias b) Random error c) Systematic error d) Triangulation
b) Educational activities
152. Brainstorming, simulation, and case studies are common tasks of which of the following health education methods and techniques? a) Environmental interventions b) Educational activities c) Behavior modification d) Advocacy activities
c) Output-the products, goods and/or services which result from a development intervention. These are designed to produce outcomes - the short- to medium-term effects of an intervention - and eventually impacts.
153. In a logic model, a healthy cooking class would be considered an: a) Input b) Outcome c) Output d) Assumption
c) Few polysyllabic words
154. The local medical clinic administration charged its health education specialist with designing a brochure for their new diabetes prevention education campaign. The intended audience possesses generally low health literacy levels. Therefore, the characteristics of this brochure should include : a) Few examples & graphics b) Many varied messages c) Few polysyllabic words d) Many main points
a) List internal and external strengths and opportunities
155. In the strategic planning process, organizations define or refine a mission statement. The next step is to : a) List internal and external strengths and opportunities b) List mandates and sources c) Identify key stakeholders d) Write a report
b) Health educators job analysis
156. The most recent 18-month project to validate the contemporary practice of entry - and advanced - level health education specialists was the : a) Competency Update Project (CUP) b) Health Educators Job Analysis c) 2006 Revised Framework d) National Commission on Certifying Agencies (NCCA)
d) HRSA-The Health Resources & Services Administration; provides equitable health care to the nation's highest-need communities. Our programs support people with low incomes, people with HIV, pregnant people, children, parents, rural communities, transplant patients, and the health workforce.
157. If your agency has limited financial resources, the most reliable Web site to use as a source to find a wide variety of downloadable health education materials is : a) GMM b) FREEWEB c) CHID d) HRSA
b) Omission-something that has not been included or has not been done, either deliberately or accidentally.
158. Forgetting to have middle-aged, sedentary adults provide a physician's consent to exercise would be considered negligence of: a) commission b) omission c) aversion d) beneficence
d) Ratio-an extension of the interval level of measurement. It deals with data that have a natural zero point. The difference between the values, and the ratio of values, both are meaningful in the ratio level of measurement.
159 Participants in a health education program are asked to state the number of times they have been arrested. At which level of measurement is this data? a) Nominal b) Ordinal c) Interval d) Ratio
b) Assessing resources-the process of gathering information about the resources available to address a particular need or risk.
16. In considering the objective, "All youth participating in the after-school program will have as safe ride home at the end of the activity," the health education specialist recognizes that transportation is a tangible resource. In this scenario, he/she is: a) Writing behavioral objectives b) Assessing resources c) Designing a transportation intervention d) Assessing effectiveness.
b) SWOT-(strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis is a framework used to evaluate a company's competitive position and to develop strategic planning. SWOT analysis assesses internal and external factors, as well as current and future potential. iT is designed to facilitate a realistic, fact-based, data-driven look at the strengths and weaknesses of an organization, initiatives, or within its industry
160. Which of the following is a situational analysis tool? a) PRECEDE b) SWOT c) MATCH d) CDCynergy
d) Developing ownership by the priority population-Sense of ownership not waiting for others to act, and caring about the outcome as much as an owner of the company would. It is being accountable for the results of your actions - that they are of the highest quality and delivered in a timely manner. Taking ownership shows others that they can trust you to do the right thing.
161. A college population was instrumental in developing a program to encourage students to receive testing for sexually transmitted infections. This program involved what principle of community organizing? a) Eliminating bias b) Focusing on program evaluation c) Modeling similar programs d) Developing ownership by the priority population
b) Tertiary data source-publications that summarize and digest the information in primary and secondary sources to provide background on a topic, idea, or event
162. The American Heart Association has created a pamphlet outlining heart disease death rates among Americans over the age of 40. This is an example of a: a) Primary data source b) Tertiary data source c) Secondary data source d) Qualitative data source
c) Have small grps work together to solve problems
163. Which of the following approaches is the best to use when working with adult learners? a) Lecture with technical information and include statistical analyses b) Use only distance-learning techniques c) Have small groups work together to solve problems d) Use the latest technological tools
d) As the value of X decreases, the value of Y decreases- 1.- A positive correlation implies a positive relationship between X and Y: as X increases, Y increases. or X decreases and Y decreases. 2.- A correlation of -1 or +1 implies a perfect linear relationship between X and Y: Y = cX, for some constant c. 3- A negative correlation implies a negative relationship between X and Y: as X increases, Y decreases. 4.- A correlation of zero implies that there is no linear relationship between X and Y. A correlation of zero does not imply independence. Because correlation is a measure of the linear relationship between X and Y
164. Which of the following statements indicates a positive relationship between variables X and Y? a) As the value of X increases, the value of Y decreases b) As the value of Y increases, the value of X decreases c) As the value of X increases, the value of Y remains unchanged d) As the value of X decreases, the value of Y decreases
c) Numeracy
165. A health education specialist uses a deck of cards to help people visualize a serving of meat in a weight loss program. This is an example of assisting people with : a) oral literacy b) conceptual knowledge c) numeracy d) print literacy
b. demonstrate construct validity-the extent to which your test or measure accurately assesses what it's supposed to. In research, it's important to operationalize constructs into concrete and measurable characteristics based on your idea of the construct and its dimensions.
166. The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) was used as a model to develop program interventions aimed at reducing smoking behavior within a priority population. To measure change in attitude towards smoking, a health education specialist uses a paper survey with a scale of questions for each variable in the TRA. To gather valid data the health educator specialist must: a. demonstrate internal consistency b. demonstrate construct validity c. demonstrate external validity d. demonstrate test-retest reliability
a. explanation of variance and recommended actions-Variance analysis can help businesses control their costs by identifying any areas where they are overspending or underspending. By analyzing these variances, businesses can take necessary action to reduce costs and improve their financial performance
167. January's written budget report is past the due date for submission to the health administrator. The most important information to include in this budget report is the: a. explanation of variance and recommended actions b. detailed cash flow projections c. identification and list of expenses d. creation of the working papers for each item.
b. short-range outcome-the more immediate outcomes over which individual organizations have the most direct influence. As such, these outcomes may be better suited to performance management in particular organizations.
168. Health Educator has to provide an inform about the program "Reduce Teen Tobacco Access" The logic model presents Short, Medium, and Long Outcomes. Which level of outcome would be the most appropriate to inform the planning and evaluation process for the curricular intervention/activity? a. Medium-range outcome b. short-range outcome c. long-range outcome d. All outcomes
c. asset-based assessments.- provide opportunities for students to use what they do know to demonstrate their knowledge of important literacy concepts. People describe what they have access to.
169. Assessments that focus on individual and group resources to analyze a community's strengths are known as: a. surveillance system assessments. b. community priorities c. asset-based assessments. d. resource assessment.
a) negatively skewed-occurs when the tail is more pronounced on the left. Right tail positive. Order the values in a graph: Y= Frequency/X=Scores. If Y & X do not match make arrangements with the score data, deduct the frequency and graph it
17. Assume that the health education specialist is analyzing the following set of data. Score 11 14 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Frequency 2 1 5 8 6 12 13 10 15 9 8 These data most likely are characterized as : a) Negatively skewed b) Positively skewed c) Normal d) Uniformly distributed
a) A negative variance will never be obtained-variance cannot be negative. The lowest value it can take on is zero. The only way that a dataset can have a variance of zero is if all of the values in the dataset are the same.
18. In what situation will a health education specialist obtain a negative value for the variance? Score 11 14 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Frequency 2 1 8 6 12 13 10 15 9 8 a) A negative variance will never obtain b) All observations are at the mean c) The distribution is very negatively skewed d) The distribution is positively skewed
a) Secondary-academic books, journal articles, reviews, essays, and textbooks. Anything that summarizes, evaluates or interprets primary sources can be a secondary source
19. When searching online on behalf of a client, a health education specialist finds a list of article summaries on the effects of vaccination as a preventive measure for the spread of influenza. The type of source he/she found is classified as: a) Secondary b) Tertiary c) Primary d) Null
b) Targeting-multisegment marketing, is a marketing strategy that involves identifying specific personas or markets for specific content. Companies use target marketing to learn more about their consumers and thus create advertisements for specified groups to maximize response.
2. Sending a personally addressed letter advertising a new weight loss program is an example of : a) tailoring b) targeting c) marketing d) mass mailing
b) Internet-there is a lot of information available on the Internet. Primary sources exist on the Internet and, if you're writing a paper on social media, you may need to quote or reference a website like Twitter. As with all your research, it's important to know how to evaluate what you find online. A lot of what you find on the internet is not trustworthy - the content is biased or factually incorrect.
20. When collecting primary data, which of the following survey methods is most likely to save time and money? a) Face to face interviews b) Internet c) Mail d) Telephone
d) Environmental-include everything outside of DNA that affects your traits. They are very broad and can influence you in many ways, either alone or in combination with genes. This activity explores just a handful of the nearly limitless environmental factors that contribute to each person's unique blend of traits, health, and identity.
21. Health engineering strategies affect which of the following factors regarding where people live or work? a) Ecological b) Ergogenic c) Economic d) Environmental
a) Preparation-people have made a commitment to make a change. Their motivation for changing is reflected by statements such as: "I've got to do something about this — this is serious. Something has to change. What can I do?" This is sort of a research phase: people are now taking small steps toward cessation. They are trying to gather information (sometimes by reading things like this) about what they will need to do to change their behavior
22. A person is making a plan to quit smoking in the next month. This person would be in which stage of the Stages of Change? a) Preparation b) Precontemplation c) Action d) Contemplation
d) summative-type of evaluation that occurs at the end of a learning period or program. It assesses students' learning and whether they have met the established learning goals. It evaluates the effectiveness of a learning program or to provide a final grade for a student's performance.
23. In order to justify additional funding for the program, the health education specialist, as project administrator, needs to measure whether the health education intervention caused the desired changes in the target audience. The role of this evaluation effort is: a) Formative b) Monitoring c) Clinical d) Summative
b) Conducting a needs assessment-process for determining the needs, or "gaps," between a current and desired outcome. It's a part of strategic planning—essentially, a needs assessment helps you pinpoint how you'll accomplish your strategic goals
24. The board of a local health-related agency has hired a health education specialist to explore the possibility of developing a health promotion program. The initial task of the health education specialist is: a) Setting program goals and objectives b) Conducting a needs assessment c) Creating the program d) Developing an evaluation plan
a) gain acceptance for the program
25. A group of new immigrants in an urban community has an outbreak of measles among their children. They resist immunization. The health education specialist's job is to quickly develop an education and recruitment campaign to forestall a serious epidemic. Which of the following is the first step in the implementation process for this program? a) Gain acceptance for the program b) Specify tasks and estimate resources c) Develop plans for program activities d) Put the plans into action
a) Ocean, fish, Florida, chemicals
26. If a researcher conducts a database search for information on harmful levels of certain chemicals in salt-water fish consumed in Florida, what combination of keywords would provide the best access to the information needed? a) Ocean, fish, Florida, chemicals b) Florida, fish, ocean, eating c) Fish, chemicals, Florida, consumption d) Morbidity, fishing industry, consumption, Florida
c) SMOG-estimates the years of education a person needs to understand a piece of writing. you will first identify 30 sentences in the text and then count the syllables in every word, highlighting those words that have more than two syllables. Count the total multisyllabic words across all 30 sentences. Finally, apply the SMOG formula to obtain a grade level.
27. A health department wishes to create educational print materials for community members with language disorders & low literacy levels. Which of the following is most effective in determining the reading level of those written materials? a) Crisp Readability Formula b) FLASH c) SMOG d) Log-gunning Index
a) Reliability-whether an assessment instrument gives the same results each time it is used in the same setting with the same type of subjects. It essentially means consistent or dependable results. It is a part of the assessment of validity.
28. Checking to see if an instrument is measuring concepts consistently is measuring its : a) Reliability b) Utility c) Outcomes d) Internal bias
d) legislation to restrict smoking in public places
29. Use of advocacy activities is the best implementation approach for which of the following health education interventions? a) Individual smoking cessation programs b) Interventions to persuade obese individuals to lose weight c) Work-related stress management techniques d) Legislation to restrict smoking in public places
A) Media advocacy-defined as the strategic use of mass media to advance public policy initiatives. It is rooted in community advocacy and has as its goal the promotion of healthy public policies.
3. The health education specialist wishes to raise public awareness of an important health issue using such tools as a press release, Letter to the Editor, and interactive Web 2.0 resources. Awareness strategies using these tools would be considered : a) Media advocacy b) Policy advocacy c) Legislative advocacy d) Public practice advocacy
a) Individuals participating in the health education program will be able to identify 3 ways to protect their skin from the sun.
30. Which of the following is an example of a learning objective? a) Individuals participating in the health education program will be able to identify 3 ways to protect their skin from the sun. b) Individuals in the program will increase their cardiovascular activity by 25 % by the 6th week of the program c) 75% of individuals participating in the program will consume 5 to 9 veggies per day over the following 3 months d) Program health education specialists will identify 10 new participants for each program period
b) Communication technology-any digital tool you can use to send and receive information. This technology can include software, computer programs, devices and messaging systems. Successful communication technologies are fast, efficient, convenient and easy to use.
31. When the health education specialist creates and distributes a podcast regarding obesity prevention, they are utilizing : a) SMS (Short Message Service) b) Communication technology c) Qualitative research d) Readiness assessment
c) Ensure the program was culturally appropriate and relevant
32. An after-school program was developed to help overweight and obese adolescents lose weight. In developing the program, the health education specialist considered the adolescents' attitude, beliefs, and values regarding diet and physical activity. Knowing this info, the health education specialist helped to: a) institutionalize cultural knowledge b) implement policies for youth c) ensure the program was culturally appropriate and relevant d) develop clear program goals and objectives
b) value system-A hierarchy of values that all moral beings have, reflected in their choices. Most people's value systems differ. It's an individualistic concept.
33. The health education specialist working in a foreign country is working cross-culturally. One of the most important keys to culturally competent health promotion and understanding different health beliefs/practices is the health education specialist's understanding of that population's: a) food choices b) value system c) style of dress d) health department organizational structure
d) Guide to community preventive services-(CPSTF) was established in 1996 by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to identify population health interventions that are scientifically proven to save lives, increase lifespans, and improve quality of life.
34. The local cancer control coalition is searching for evidence-based programs and policies for cancer prevention in their community. In the future, they also want to draft evidence-based policy and legislation. What would be the most appropriate resource to review? a) Decision-maker Matrix b) Benchmark Development Frameworks c) Advocacy Evaluation Resources d) Guide to community preventive services
b) Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion-(ODP) is the lead office at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) responsible for assessing, facilitating, and stimulating research in disease prevention, and disseminating the results of this research to improve public health.
35. Which federal government agency is primarily responsible for Healthy People 2020? a) US Consumer Product Safety Commission b) Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion c) National Institutes of Health d) CDC
a) Social-Determine the social problems and needs of a given population and identify desired results.
36. Using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model for planning a community-wide physical activity program, the health education specialist first defines the quality of life of the target population. This phase is referred to as What type of assessment? a) Social b) Ecological c) Epidemiological d) Administrative
b) Respect of clients' confidentiality
37. A health education specialist at a neighborhood health clinic socially interacts with a client's partner. The educator mentions the client's response to a prescribed medication. Which of the following responsibilities of the Health Education Profession's Code of Ethics did the health education specialist violate? a) Respect of clients' rights b) Respect of clients' confidentiality c) Respect for clients' dignity d) Respect of clients's cultural diversity.
a) Understand group dynamics and team building
38. In order to support a team effort of a planning committee, it is important for the health education specialist to: a) Understand group dynamics and team building b) Acquire as many resources as possible to recruit committee members c) Identify only community leaders as stakeholders d) target only volunteer committee members
d) Discussion/conclusion
39. Which section of the health education program evaluation report might contain a description of how the results agree or disagree with current literature? a) Literature Review b) Methodology c) Results d) Discussion/conclusion
a) Graphs-Use a graph to represent a relationship between changing attributes:
4. When presenting information to adults with less than a high school education, which would be the best way to communicate statistical health information? a)Graphs b) Tables c) Handouts d) Technical discussions
a) Outcomes-measures program effects in the target population by assessing the progress in the outcomes that the program is to address.
40. A health education specialist is tasked with evaluating the impact of policy decisions regarding the implementation of a new obesity prevention program. Specifically related to policy development, they are focusing on policy: a) Outcomes b) Content c) Process d) Action
b) Self-management of a chronic condition
41. All of the following are possible consequences of poor health literacy except : a) Poor health outcomes b) Self-management of a chronic condition c) Improper use of medicines d) Inappropriate usage of health care services
d) Laggards -person who makes slow progress and falls behind others.
46. According to the diffusion of innovations, which of the following groups is the most difficult to reach? a) Late majority b) Innovators c) Early adopters d) Laggards
c) Develop a volunteer job description
47. An agency needs volunteers at a local health awareness event. Before the recruitment campaign can begin, the first step is to : a) Create the volunteer newsletter b) Determine the volunteer reward/incentive system c) Develop a volunteer job description d) Plan the volunteer recognition banquet
d) Randomized-the process by which participants in clinical trials are assigned by chance to separate groups that are given different treatments or other interventions.
48. A sample in which each person in a population of interest has an equal likelihood of selection is said to be: a) Non-probability b) Non-randomized c) Probability d) Randomized
b) Social/cultural
49. A health education specialist is implementing a substance abuse prevention program. Currently, participants are discussing how family patterns elicit acceptance and approval of certain behaviors. Which of the following best describe the concept being addressed? a) Physical b) Social/cultural c) Mental d) Community
a) Achieving changes in health knowledge, attitudes, skills or behavior
50. The short-term effects of health education interventions are most often directed toward: a) Achieving changes in health knowledge, attitudes, skills, or behavior b) Reducing health care costs c) Decreasing recidivism rates d) Decreasing morbidity and mortality rates
c) Reinforce a message about health related behaviors
51. Communication strategies are most often used in health education to: a) Identify the target audience b) Insure a program is culturally sensitive c) Reinforce a message about health-related behaviors d) mobilize a community
b) EBMR-Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews
52. A health education specialist is asked to find evidence-based strategies for physical activity. The most appropriate bibliographic database to search is: a) CHID b) EBMR c) MEDLINE d) PsychInfo
a) Inferential-is the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying distribution of probability. Inferential statistical analysis infers properties of a population,
53. The data analysis conducted to ascertain results that are generalizable to the population is known as what type of analysis? a) Inferential b) Interpretational c) Descriptive d) Process
c) Face to face
54. Which of the following data collection methods is likely to increase interviewer bias? a) Mail b) E-mail c) Face to face d) Telephone
d) Collaborating-Collaboration addresses situations in which people work together on a shared goal, while cooperation involves working with others to help them achieve their individual goals. Coordination = Working separately to achieve an activity goal together.
55. When a health education specialist exchanges information, alters activities, shares resources, and enhances capacity to achieve a common purpose, he or she is : a) Cooperating b) Coordinating c) Networking d) Collaborating
d) Provide specific examples of support your evaluation & focus on work-related behaviors
56. Which of the following are elements of conducting an effective employee/staff appraisal? a) Present your appraisal in writing, without allowing an opportunity for discussion b) Present your appraisal verbally and in writing without allowing an opportunity for discussion c) Have the employee complete a form to submit to you for your signature d) Provide specific examples to support your evaluation and focus on work-related behaviors.
d) behavioral-relating to or concerned with the social, psychological, and emotional factors that affect financial decisions and behavior
57. Types of factors that influence a person's health such as compliance, consumption, patterns, coping, preventive actions, and self-care are known as : a) genetic b) Environmental c) Individual d) behavioral
a) Secondary-data that a researcher has not collected or created themselves. It can encompass an enormous range of highly original and extensive studies, including some of the largest and most careful collections of data
6. National surveillance data, hospital discharge data, and insurance claims data are all appropriate forms of which type of data: a) Secondary b) Input c) Descriptive d) Primary
a) At the beginning of the planning process-Before doing something, the manager must form an opinion on how to work on a specific job. Step 1: Determine where you are. ... Step 2: Identify your goals and objectives. ... Step 3: Develop your plan. ... Step 4: Execute your plan. ... Step 5: Revise and restructure as needed
60. Program goals & objectives should be determined: a) At the beginning of the planning process b) after program participants are selected c) after program activities are created d) immediately before the outcome evaluation
b) Establish the relevance of the information to learners
61. In health education presentations, which of the following is an appropriate guideline to promote learning: a) Use passive learning methods, such as lectures b) Establish the relevance of the information to learners c) Do not repeat information in any planned learning activity d) Present information that is unique to one setting or situation
c) Use simple terms
62. Which of the following is most essential for health education specialists when creating material that addresses participants with low health literacy? a) Present a lot of information to assist in learning b) Have a behavioral action c) Use simple terms d) Use a few headings
a) Social networking sites-Social networking exert their influence over peers' perceptions of collective norms through the mechanism of everyday social interaction, particularly interaction that is frequent and personally motivated, in contrast to interaction shaped by institutional channels like shared classes.
63. Which of the following educational techniques would be most appropriate for a prevention program that includes changing norms related to smoking among adolescents? a) Social networking sites b) Personal digital assistants c) Lecture d) Videos
c) Internet
64. The health education specialist needs to communicate a prevention message to a proactive, health information-seeking audience. According to the needs assessment, this audience wants to obtain their information in a self-paced format and wants instant updates as new information becomes available. Which health communication channel would best address this audience's needs? a) Radio b) Groups c) Internet d) Print newspapers
d) Systematic review-identify, evaluate, and summarize the findings of all relevant individual studies over a health-related issue, thereby making the available evidence more accessible to decision makers.
65. A published synthesis of comprehensive works or data collections on particular topics is defined as a: a) Summative evaluation b) Primary data analysis c) Secondary data synthesis d) Systematic review
a) Identify stakeholders-process used to develop objectives, develop tasks to meet objectives, determine needed resources, create a timeline, determine tracking and assessment, finalize the plan, and distribute the plan to the team
66. A health education specialist in charge of coordinating his/her agency's new outreach program wishes to start the strategic planning process. Which is the best first step to take? a) Identify stakeholders b) Agree on a strategic planning process c) Clarify organizational mandates d) Develop the mission statement
c) Selecting the priority population-those population groups at risk of socially. produced health inequities.
67. A health education specialist is collaborating with the health department on a training effort to implement effective physical activity programs. The group asked the health education specialist which groups may have the greatest benefit from the training. Which of the competencies are they addressing? a) Setting objectives b) Preparing audiovisuals c) Selecting the priority population d) Determining the subject content
a) Where are we now? Where do we want to be? How do we get there?
68. The strategic planning process is used to answer which of the following three key questions? a) Where are we now? Where do we want to be? How do we get there? b) Where are we now? What is our objective? When are we going to change? c) Who is our competition? Where are they now? Where are we now? d) How do we impact the program? When do we impact the prgm? And by whom?
a) Process, content, outcomes-A way of providing health care that is guided by a thoughtful integration of the best available scientific knowledge with clinical expertise.
69. The three key domains of evidence-based health policy include : a) Process, content, outcomes b) Process, impact, outcome c) Formative, Summative, Impact d) Impact, surveillance, outputs
B) Formative evaluation-Is typically conducted during the development or improvement of a program or course. Summative evaluation involves making judgments about the efficacy of a program or course at its conclusion
7. Ongoing monitoring and assessment of program development and implementation is: a) impact evaluation b) formative evaluation c) quantitative evaluation d) summative evaluation
b) Focus group-a demographically diverse group of people assembled to participate in a guided discussion about a particular product before it is launched, or to provide ongoing feedback on a political campaign, television series, etc.
70. Which of the following data collection methods utilizes participants who meet specific criteria to provide information about a specific health issue? a) Community forum b) Focus group c) Health risk appraisal d) Secondary data collection
a) Determining the objectives of the survey-An objective should be specific and measurable, and identify any time, budget, and quality constraints. Objectives can be used in project planning for business, government, nonprofit organizations, and even for personal use
71. Which of the following is the first step in designing a survey? a) Determining the objectives of the survey b) Determining the questions to be used on the survey c) Determining the types of scales to be used d) Determining the specific data to be collected.
d) Informed consent-A process in which patients are given important information, including possible risks and benefits, about a medical procedure or treatment, genetic testing, or a clinical trial. This is to help them decide if they want to be treated, tested, or take part in the trial.
72. Prior to program participation, the participant is notified about the potential risks and benefits of the program. This is part of a process called : a) omission b) Commission c) Ethics d) Informed consent
a) Establishing a system for program management-is the process of managing programs mapped to business objectives that improve organizational performance. Oversee and coordinate the various projects and other strategic initiatives throughout an organization.
73. Developing a timeline for health education program objectives is a task usually associated w/ which phase of implementation? a) Establishing a system for program management b) Putting the plan into action c) Gaining acceptance for the program d) Specifying program tasks and resources
c) Health policy and enforcement-assists governments on legal issues, with a focus on modifiable risk factors for noncommunicable disease, such as tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diet, and inadequate physical activity. The team offers a unique legal perspective, with expertise across law and health, including NCD prevention, trade and investment law, commercial law and litigation, drawing on experiences from jurisdictions around the globe and in development of international norms.
74. Smoking bans are an example of which of the following strategies ? a) Health-related community service b) Health-related educational c) Health policy and enforcement d) Health communication
c) meta analysis-quantitative, formal, epidemiological study design used to systematically assess the results of previous research to derive conclusions about that body of research. On the contrary Inferential statistics helps to suggest explanations for a situation or phenomenon. It allows you to draw conclusions based on extrapolations, and is in that way fundamentally different from descriptive statistics that merely summarize the data that has actually been measured.
75. A systematic method of evaluating statistical data based on results of several independent studies of the same problem is a: a) Stratified sample b) Case control/comparison study c) Meta analysis d) Inferential analysis
a) observation-ones where researchers observe the effect of a risk factor, diagnostic test, treatment or other intervention without trying to change who is or isn't exposed to it. Cohort studies and case control studies are two types of observational studies.
76. Which primary data collection method is used to gather data through direct surveillance of the population under study? a) Observation b) Surveys c) Community forum d) Nominal group process
b) Advocacy-"The processes by which the actions of individuals or groups attempt to bring about social and/or organization change on behalf of a particular health goal, program, interest, or population." 1 It is also one of the main pillars of public health.
77. Attempting to provoke change within society using tools such as educational activities, coalition building, lobbying and media communication is : a) Cultural competence b) Advocacy c) Health literacy d) Consumer-driven health care
b) Stakeholder analysis-the process of collecting information about any person that will be impacted by (or can impact) your project. It will enable you to identify all your stakeholders as well as their needs and expectations.
78. Which is the most useful tool for assessing baseline measures of current relationships external to the organization? a) Administrative process analysis b) Stakeholder analysis c) Impact analysis d) Organizational assessment
b) The amount of time it takes to collect data
79. A health education specialist has been asked to collect data from participants by conducting focus group interviews. Given the short period of time he/she has to collect this data, one limitation of using qualitative research is : a) People don't like to talk in groups b) The amount of time it takes to collect data c) It is not an accepted form of data collection d) You cannot pilot test
c) Conduct a community analysis-The process of identifying the characteristics of the user community (both users and non-users) and the environment in which they live, and assessing their needs of library and information services.
8. The first step in identifying a need for community health education program should be to: a) Assess existing individual behaviors b) Establish program objectives c) Conduct a community analysis d) Determine the poverty level
c) Awareness of any inherent risks of dangers associated w/ participation in the stress management prgm
80. Which of the following is a component of informed consent for clients of a stress management program? a) Knowledge of Hans Selye's theory of stress b) Acceptance of the program requirement to attend all scheduled stress management sessions c) Awareness of any inherent risks or dangers associated with participation in the stress management program d) Understanding that there is only one acceptable method of stress management
d) People whom programs are directed towards
81. Conducting a needs assessment focuses on the : a) Setting of a health-related program b) Leaders from the target audience c) Available resources for the program d) People whom programs are directed towards
c) Free samples of healthy foods, such as fruits & vegetables, at local school cafeterias
82. Which of the following is the most appropriate targeted marketing strategy for a healthy eating program for children? a) "Table tents" advertising the program placed at the local senior citizen lunch program b) Fliers posted in local health departments that describe healthy eating techniques c) Free samples of healthy foods, such as fruits & vegetables, at local school cafeterias d) E-mail descriptions of the program sent to local legislators
b) Stratified-groups of Customers. People are divided into levels within the Segment.
83. A sample divided into segments based on characteristics of relevance to research, such as gender, age, or social class is said to be : a) Randomized b) Stratified c) Cohort d) Non-experimental
a) Defines the parameters of the relationships
84 The health education specialist is working as a liaison between the university health service center and the local health department Where there is a lot of room for collaboration it is essential that the health education specialist : a) Defines the parameters of the relationships b) Establishes internship opportunities for health education students c) Provides technical expertise d) Establishes a contract between the two agencies
b) Psychic
85. When searching for information for a client about the social issues surrounding child abuse and neglect, which is the best database to use? a) HEDIR b) Psychic c) ERIC d) Index Medicus
b) Phasing in-to start to use or do (something) gradually over a period of time : to introduce (something) slowly
86. A worksite healthy lifestyle promotion program is being offered in increments that focus on fitness, stress management, nutrition, and blood pressure control. Each increment is offered one at a time over an eight-week period. This process is considered : a) Assessing b) Phasing in c) Implementing d) Piloting
d) Program objective-specify how program goals will be achieved and should include a method for evaluating results. While program goals should clearly state the intentions of a program, objectives should describe the mechanisms and strategies used to accomplish those intentions.
87. "There will be a 10% decrease in diabetes-related emergency room visits in South County within the next 5 years is an example of a : a) Behavioral objective b) Learning objective c) Administrative objective d) Program objective
b) Assessment of existing health needs and problems- Program Planning begins with the definition of the problem and development of an evaluation plan. Steps in Program Planning Analyze The Situation. Identify Your Organization's Needs, Problems, Purpose and Goals. State Program Objectives and Solutions. Take Stock of Your Resources and Select Methods. Plan the Details. Do It! Evaluate.
88. Program planning begins w/: a) Identification of different practice settings b) Assessment of existing health needs and problems c) Measurement of social marketing process d) Eval of learning objectives
d) Descriptive analysis-As compared to descriptive studies which merely describe one or more variables in a sample (or occasionally population), analytical studies attempt to quantify a relationship or association between two variables - an exposure and an outcome.
89. A type of analysis that is exploratory in nature and designed to describe phenomena specific to a population is : a) Qualitative research b) Formative evaluation c) Analytical analysis d) Descriptive analysis
d) Public reconition for volunteer contributions
9. Which of the following would be primary incentive for a business or corporation to have a representative volunteer with a local health organization? a) Meeting new people b) Attending awards ceremonies c) Facilitating meetings d) Public recognition for volunteer contributions
b) Mission statement-Mission is a general statement of how you will achieve your vision. Strategies are a series of ways of using the mission to achieve the vision. Goals are statements of what needs to be accomplished to implement the strategy. Objectives are specific actions and timelines for achieving the goal.
90. Which of the following contains detailed information about an organization's or program's purpose and scope? a) Vision statement b) Mission statement c) Goal statement d) Values statement
d) Evaluation-Bloom identified six levels within the cognitive domain, from the simple recall or recognition of facts, as the lowest level, through increasingly more complex and abstract mental levels, to the highest order which is classified as evaluation. Levels from bottom to top: 1 Knowledge-lowest level 2. Understanding 3. Application 4. Analysis 5. Synthesis 6. Evaluation -Highest level
91. The highest level of classification in Bloom's taxonomy is : a) Analysis b) Synthesis c) Application d) Evaluation
c) HaPI- Health and Psychosocial Instruments. Provides access to information on measurement instruments in health fields, psychosocial sciences, organizational behavior, and library and information sciences. HaPI does not offer access to the test instruments themselves, but includes citations to freestanding instruments as well as instruments that have only appeared in journal or technical reports (published and unpublished).
92. The health education specialist is searching for a published, reliable instrument that is used to measure a psychosocial construct for use in a program evaluation. The most appropriate bibliographic database to search is : a) CINAHL b) MEDLINE c) HaPI d) CHID
d) Needs assessment data-systematic process that examines what criteria must be met in order to reach a desired outcome.
93. During the planning process, it is most important for a health education specialist to use which of the following? a) The program's evaluation data b) Healthy People 2020 goals & objectives c) Community Feedback d) Needs assessment data
b) Inferential statistics-field of statistics that uses analytical tools for drawing conclusions about a population by examining random samples. The goal is to make generalizations about a population.
94. When a researcher wishes to draw conclusions about a population sample, he/she can refer to: a) Impact indicator b) Inferential statistics c) Probability samples d) Secondary data
a) Be aware of parient's possible feelings of fear, embarrassment, or resentment
95. A healthcare provider is talking with a patient. Which of the following is most important in keeping open lines of communication between the two? a) Be aware of patient's possible feelings of fear, embarrassment, or resentment b) Maintain an authoritarian attitude so that the patient takes the situation seriously c) Always use scientific/medical technology d) Do not allow a patient to doubt a diagnosis or treatment plan
a) Highly important and highly changeable
96. When prioritizing health problems, health education specialists are looking for programs that are : a) Highly important and highly changeable b) Less important and highly changeable c) Highly important and less changeable d) Less important and less changeable
d) Networking
97. The most common way to establish and maintain professional contacts is through : a) Blogs b) Telephone interviews c) Internet searches d) Networking
d) Sustainability-"the continued use of program components and activities for the continued achievement of desirable program and population outcomes".(Sheirer and Dearing)
98. A health agency has an educational program on family planning perspectives. Policies have been implemented to ensure that the program will continue and be maintained over the next five years. Which of the following is the element of organizational culture that is taking place? a) Values b) Cultural norms c) Peer support d) Sustainability
b) ERIC- Education Resource Information Center. internet-based digital library of education research and information sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education
99. School teachers are working with health education in search of ideas for new lesson plans that they could use to integrate their math lessons with school health content and skills. The best source to search is the : a) HEDIR b) ERIC c) HEALTHPROM d) MEDLINE
Bottom-up form of financial budgeting where a company allows each department to set its own budget. Each department creates a list of expenses and cost projections, which is then submitted for review by senior management. On the contrary Top-down budgeting is a form of "budget allocation." It starts with a set amount and allocates funding and resources accordingly across departments, leaving it to them to develop new plans or reduce their existing ones based on the resources they've been allotted
Bottom-up Budgeting vs Top-down budgeting
Fixed expenses generally cost the same amount each month (such as rent, mortgage payments, or car payments), while variable expenses change from month to month (dining out, medical expenses, groceries, or anything you buy from a store).
Fixed expenses vs variable expenses
A linear cost function expresses cost as a linear function of the number of items. In other words, C = mx + b Here, C is the total cost, and x is the number of items. In this context, the slope m is called the marginal cost and b is called the fixed cost.
Linear Expenses
also known as a semi-fixed cost or a mixed cost, is a cost composed of a mixture of both fixed and variable components. Costs are fixed for a set level of production or consumption, and they become variable after this production level is exceeded. If no production occurs, a fixed cost is often still incurred.
Semi-variable expenses