chicken pox and measles
how many children will die from measles
1-3 out of 1000
How long after infection of VZV will there be no symptoms
14-16 days
How long can measles virus droplets linger in the air
2 hours
How long does the measles virus replicate for
2-3 days
When does the measles rash begin
3-5 days after symptoms begin
How long is the measles viral incubation period
7-14 days
What does measles rash look like
Begins as flat red spots that appear on the face and at hairline and spread down the rest of the body
What are the two glycoprotein spikes measles has and describe them
F protein: fusion of virus to host membranes, penetration, hemolysis H protein: hemagglutinin protein, binding of virus to cells
What causes rose petals with dew
In VZV, they are a result from keratinocyte apoptosis induced by infection
After 2-3 days of measles symptoms, what will appear in the mouth
Koplik spots
What is shingles
Latent VZV reactivates in adults and produces a rash
What is the measles vaccine
MMR
What causes vesiculopustular exanthema
T cells via keratinocytes
How does VZV cause viremia
The t cells migrate through liver, spleen, and other organs
How does VZV reactivate to cause shingles
VZV reactivates in dorsal root ganglia, travels down nerve terminals and causes rash
What are the treatments for VZV
acetominophen lotion antiviral drugs bed rest fluids cool baths
What medicine can lessen symptoms of shingles
acyclovir
When do VZV symptoms begin
after the infected T cells migrate back to the respiratory tract or skin
What are acute complications of chicken pox
bacterial sepsis pneumonia encephalitis hemorrhagic complications
What virus is measles related to
canine distemper virus
How is VZV carries through the body
carried by T cells
What causes the appearance of measles rash
cytotoxic T cells attack measles infected vascular endothelial cells in the skin
What can happen from encephalitis due to measles
deafness or mental disability
What is the band of skin that shingles lesions occur on
dermatome
Where does VZV lie latent in the body
dorsal root ganglia
What type of virus is HSV3
dsDNA, enveloped
What are the two common complications of measles
ear infections and diarrhea
Describe the characteristics of measles
enveloped ssRNA
What is the genus and family of measles
genus:morbillivirus family: paramyxoviridae
After 2 weeks of measles, what are the symptoms
high fever, conjunctivitis, runny nose and coughing
What causes the initial red bumps of VZV
induced by local immune response to infected keratinocytes
Where in the host does the measles virus invade
invades respiratory epithelium of the nasopharynx and spreads to the regional lymph nodes through macrophages and dendritic cells
What type of vaccine is the VZV vaccine
live attenuated virus
what is the most infectious virus
measles
What are the differenced between measles and chicken pox
measles: rash first appears on forehead, red eyes, runny nose, cough, koplik spots chicken pox: rash first appears on chest, face, and back, decreased appetite, blisters, headache, fatigue
What are acute complications of shingles
meningioencephalitis myelitis cranial nerve palsies vasculopathy GI ulcers pancreatitis hepatitis
What type of cells do measles cause
multinucleated giant cells
What causes the initial tingling sensation in VZV
nerves being infected
What complication of measles is the most common cause of death in children with measles
pneumonia
What are the two serious complications of measles
pneumonia and encephalitis
What causes further replication to take place and where
primary viremia widens infection to reticuloendothelial system
How does VZV replicate and travel
replicates in respiratory epithelial cells and is transferred to T cells in tonsil lymph tissue via infected dendritic cells
How is measles spread
respiratory, fomites
What is the difference in german measles
rubella flu like symptoms rash starts behind ears 3 days measles swollen LN self limiting infection
What causes VZV to remain for years
the immune system does not attach the nerves
Where can the VZV go after escaping t cells
to the underlying nerves in the dorsal root ganglion
What is the vaccine routine for VZV
two doses. First dose at 12-15 months and second dose at 4-6 years
What two diseases can HSV3 cause
varicella and herpes zoster
What virus causes chicken pox
varicella zoster virus HSV3
How can one contract VZV
virus enters skin via respiratory tract or eyes travels via blood through body by T cells
What happens in the measles virus during secondary viremia
virus enters skin, conjunctivae, and respiratory tract and other organs including spleen, thymus, liver, kidney and further replication occurs
When are the ulcers no longer infectious from VZV
when they scab over and NK cells and macrophages eliminate virus
Can vaccinated people get VZV
yes
