Child Development II

Theories of Language Development

1. As children learn words, they learn "rules" for putting them together 2, Cooing and Babbling are spontaneous Institutionalized children take longer to talk then one raised by a family 3. First words are "concrete" Identifies words with situations and functions I.e Table - eat, Table - chair

Grammatical Rules

2 ½ - 3 years old May say "I digged a hole" (apply rules for making nouns plural not realizing they are incorrect)

A child starting school usually has vocabulary of approximately_______ words.

2500

Erikson's Psychosocial Theory

8 stages of psychosocial development Social approval is important to development

_____is the first encounter between the child and the social system outside their immediate family.

A friend

Identity vs Role Confusion

Adolescence (Ages 12-20) Develops a sense of self in relationship to others and to own internal thoughts and desires Social identity Personal identity Ie. Am I a kid or an adult? Who am I? This is confusing!

Initiative vs Guilt

Early Childhood (Ages 3-6) Child learns to begin action, to explore, to imagine as well as feeling remorse for actions Ie. Don't make fun when I try to act like you (an adult) or have fantasy play... I will lose self esteem that way

Key points of psychoanalytic theories

Early experiences and family relationships are very important to development Unconscious aspects of the mind are considered Personality is best seen as a developmental process

Trust vs Mistrust

Infancy (Ages 0-1) Child develops a belief that the environment can be counted on to meet his or her basic physiological and social needs Ie. Will you take care of me? If not, it will be difficult for me to trust again

Jane, a preschooler, insists on dressing herself each morning for school, even though she generally selects mismatching outfits, misses buttons, and wears her shoes on the wrong feet. When her mother tries to dress Jane or fix her outfit, Jane brushes her mother off and insists on doing it herself. What stage of psychosocial development best describes Jane's behavior?

Initiative vs. Guilt

Ego-Integrity vs Despair

Later Adulthood (Ages 65+) Develops a sense of acceptance of life as it was lived and the importance of the people and relationships that individual developed over the lifespan Am I happy with me? "Ego - integrity" Have I accepted all triumphs and disappointments or am I fearing death because I lost the chance at self-fulfillment?

Generativity (Generation) vs Stagnation

Middle Adulthood (Ages 35 -65) Develops interest in guiding the development of the next generation Ie. Can I and do I want to be concerned for others?

Industry vs Inferiority

Middle Childhood (Ages 6-11) Child learns to do things well or correctly in comparison to a standard or to others Ie. Don't discourage or get annoyed when I want to explore and learn things on my own.. If you encourage me, I will seek intellectual stimulation

Relationship with Peers

Relationships with other children start early During school years, peer interaction becomes more complex and structured Importance of friends

Parenting Styles

Socialization shaped by cultural values, Authoritarian Permissive Authoritative, Related to young children's social and emotional development

Important Social Skills Learned

The ability to ask questions The ability to detect the "Death Stare" Empathy and Sympathy Understanding how others feel Caring about how others feel Self Regulate

Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt

Toddlerhood (Ages 1-3) Ie. Don't laugh at me when I fall or wet the bed... encourage me so I can choose and control my own life later

The central conflict in the eighth stage of Erikson's theory focuses on integrity vs. despair and involves reflecting back on your life. Those who are unsuccessful at resolving this conflict will look back with regret, anger, and bitterness. Those who are successful will feel a sense of satisfaction with the life they have lived. According to Erikson, those who are successful in this stage emerge with ______________.

Wisdom

Intimacy vs Isolation

Young Adulthood (Ages 21-35) Develops ability to give or receive love Ie. I know who I am but am I willing to share myself with someone else

Open Words

can be used alone ie. baby doll, dog, cat

Pivot Words

cannot be used alone, word order is learned by parroting adult sentences ie. green, my

At each stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, people experience a(n) _________ that serves as a turning point.

conflict

The type of sound that a child makes when they first use their vocal apparatus is called_______.

cooing

Eight-year old Steven has a difficult time making friends at school. He has trouble completing his schoolwork accurately and on time, and as a result, receives little positive feedback from his teacher and parents. According to Erikson's theory, failure at this stage of development results in _____________?

feeling inferior

Pheobe is nine years old and is in the fourth grade. Erikson believes her main task is to develop a sense of _____.

industry

Betty is seventy years old. According to Erikson, her main task is to develop a sense of______.

integrity