china

What is a social class?

A social class includes people who have the same economic and social position

How many farmers were there ? What proportion of the population?

About nine out of ten Chinese farmed for a living

How was wealth distributed?

After the father died, a family's land was divided equally among all of the male heirs.

who are Artisans?

Artisans are skilled workers who make useful objects.

Who owned the land?

Beyond the village walls were fields owned by the aristocrats. The farmers rented the fields by turning over part of their crops to the owners.

Three major philosophies:

Confucianism, Daoism, and legalism

What ideas did Confucius Teach?

Confucius criticized the misrule of these kings. He urged the people to follow the beliefs of their ancestors because he thought it would bring peace and harmony to China.

Why were philosophies developed?

Each philosophy aimed to create a well-run and peaceful society.

Whose needs were placed first?

Family members placed the needs of the head of the family before their own.

how is daoism different from confusion

Followers of Confucius taught that people should work hard to make the world better. Daoism taught people to turn away from worldly affairs and live in harmony with nature. Many Chinese followed both Confucianism and Daoism. They believed that the two philosophies supported each other.

To what modern idea can we compare the ideas of Confucius?

Golden Rule

who created legalism

Hanfeizi

why did Hanfeizi think this

Hanfeizi believed that humans are naturally evil

what is legalism

Hanfeizi believed that humans are naturally evil. Strict laws and harsh punishments were necessary to force people to do their duty.

What is a duty and why are they important

In a family - It is the duty of parents to love their children, and it is the children's duty to respect their parents. Husbands should support their wives, and wives should obey their husbands In a ruler/ subject relationship - Above all, a ruler had a duty to rule justly and to set an example of right living. In return, subjects should be loyal and obey the law.

What social classes were in Ancient China?

In ancient China, these social classes were landowning aristocrats, farmers, artisans, and merchants.

what is Northern crop like?

In northern China, farmers grew wheat and a grain called millet

what is Southern crop like?

In the south, where the climate was warmer and wetter, they grew rice.

Who supported legalism and why?

Many aristocrats supported legalism because it emphasized force.

Men's roles

Men were respected because of the jobs they did—growing crops, attending school, running the government, and fighting wars. The Chinese considered these jobs more important than the work carried out by women

what is Bonus crop?

Most farmers also owned a small plot of land where they grew food for their own use.

Women's roles

Most women raised children and saw to their education. They also managed the household and family finances.

who are Merchants

Shopkeepers, traders, and bankers made up the merchant class.

Why weren't merchants respected?

Some merchants became wealthy, but they were not respected members of society. People believed that merchants worked only for their own gain, not for the good of society.

Drawbacks to farming

The government required farmers to pay taxes and to work one month each year on projects such as building roads. In wartime, farmers were forced to serve as soldiers. In addition, farmers had to face constant threats from famine and floods

The Influence of Confucius on Government service

government service should be open to all men of ability and merit and not limited to those of noble birth.

What does Dao mean?

The word Dao means "path

Describe how aristocrats lived.

They owned large estates and lived in tile-roofed houses with courtyards and gardens. Walls surrounded their homes as protection against bandits. Inside, fine furniture and carpets filled the rooms.

What were Chinese families like

filial piety - Filial refers to a son or daughter. Piety refers to duty or devotion. Therefore, filial piety refers to people's responsibility to respect and obey their parents.

What were merchants banned from?

government jobs

How did confucius's ideas spread

his teachings spread throughout China. Confucianism continued to shape Chinese society and government until the early a.d. 1900s.

What is daoism

the belief that people should free themselves from worldly desires and live simply

who was laozi

the creator of daoism