China Take Home Test Answers
The year of China's communist revolution establishing the People's Republic of China was
1949
Since 1980 until most recently, Chinese political decision-making in times of crisis has been heavily influenced
A group of retired senior leaders within the CCP
Which of the following best describes the Xidan Democracy Wall in China? (A) Wall posters announcing the reforms of the Four Modernizations (B) A place were political views were freely displayed early in the post-Mao era (C) Political graffiti that spread the message of the Chinese communists during the revolutionary struggle of the 1930's (D) The entrance to the Forbidden City during the Great Leap Forward (E) Red Guard posters calling for "back to the countryside" "xia xiang" campaigns during the Cultural Revolution
A place were political views were freely displayed early in the post-Mao era
The mass line in China is best described as
A way in which the party mobilizes and structures political participation
Which of the following statements about China's rural population is FALSE? (A) More opportunities exist in the cities causing migration to the urban areas (B) Growing percentage of rural population is employed in TVE's (C) One child policy is often less stringently enforced (D) About 30% of the Chinese population now resides in the countryside (E) Surplus population of about 200 million not needed for agricultural production
About 30% of the Chinese population now resides in the countryside
Which of the following statements accurately describes control of the People's Liberation Army [PLA] in China? (A) A clear chain of command exists, extending from the President directly to the Ministry of Defense (B) A clear chain of command exists, from the National People's Congress to the Ministry of Defense (C) Although the constitution formally establishes a chain of command through the National People's Congress, the CCP has retained significant influence over the armed forces (D) Although the party doctrine calls for the party's surveillance of the army, the generals have usually exercised autonomous control over their own troops (E) Following the events in Tienanmen Square, a constitutional commission was formed to make recommendations to ensure greater civilian control over the armed forces
Although the constitution formally establishes a chain of command through the National People's Congress, the CCP has retained significant influence over the armed forces
The Communist Youth League [CYL], All-China Federation of Trade Unions, and All-China Women's Federation are significant because they
Are mass organizations that have served as channels of political education and participated under CCP rule
The brief period of free speech allowed by Mao in the late 1950's was called
Blooming of the Hundred Flowers
Which of the following is not a similarity between Mao and Deng? (A) Both were Long March veterans (B) Both attempted to loosen state repression and allowed a short period of free speech (C) Both emphasized the role of the peasants in Chinese society (D) Both repressed major student demonstrations in Tienanmen Square (E) Both emphasized that economic progress for the nation would be achieved through agricultural improvements and innovations
Both emphasized that economic progress for the nation would be achieved through agricultural improvements and innovations
Which of the following is a FALSE statement? (A) non-communist parties articulate with the CCP through the CPPCC (B) China faces a dilemma of needing university-educated citizens for the economy and fearing a growing intelligentsia (C) China's name means "middle kingdom" (D) Bourgeois liberalization is a revolutionary concept
Bourgeois liberalization is a revolutionary concept
The United Front was a union of which of the following?
CCP and KMT
Which of the following statements about Chinese elections is FALSE? (A) There are both direct and indirect elections (B) Secret ballot, controlled by the CCP (C) CCP candidates run uncontested for political office (D) Government claims a 90% voter turnout (E) All candidates must be approved by the CCP (AB) Universal suffrage, 18 years old
CCP candidates run uncontested for political office
The Premier of the State Council of the PRC is most similar to which office in the former Soviet Union pre-1989 constitutional changes by Gorbachev?
Chairman, Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
Which of the following statements about Falun Gong is INCORRECT? (A) China claims it is a religious cult (B) Movement claims it is a spiritual movement for health and well-being (C) Movement asks followers to consider morality and ethics (D) Membership in China is believed to exceed membership in the CCP (E) China claims it is a revolutionary movement and dangerous to the people
China claims it is a revolutionary movement and dangerous to the people
The Chinese political system, mass line, identifies which of the following as the primary goal of political action?
Collective interests as defined by the CCP leadership
Which of the following statements about the judiciary in China is FALSE? (A) It was suspended during the Cultural Revolution (B) Capital punishment is extensively used (C) Supreme People's Court and Supreme People's Procuratorate are selected by National People's Congress (D) Considered an independent judiciary (E) Government has a 99% conviction rate in its cases
Considered an independent judiciary
In Chinese politics, the "mass line" refers to the principle that
Correct party leadership depends on constant contact between the party and the public
One of the ways in which Deng Xiaoping broke with Maoist policy was by
Criticizing the effects of the Cultural Revolution
Which of the following is not a current problem facing China because of her rapid economic development? (A) Political and bureaucratic corruption (B) Population growth (C) Migrant worker population (D) Pollution (E) Decreasing international ties
Decreasing international ties
Both Russia and China have responded to ethnic political movements that seemed to threaten national integration by
Deploying troops to quell demonstrations and protests for greater ethnic autonomy
A principal difference between reform in China and in the USSR between 1980 and 1990 was that
Economic reform was more successful in China than in the Soviet Union
The President of China is
Elected by the National People's Congress
One primary aim of the Cultural Revolution in China between 1966 and 1976 was to
Eliminate all opposition to the ideas of Mao Zedong
Before the 1980's and Deng's policies, China like the USSR used five-year economic plans to
Emphasize investment in heavy industry
During the years of the Soviet empire's disintegration, the Chinese leadership did which of the following?
Emphasized liberalizing the economy rather than the political system
The Long March began as a result of
Encirclement campaigns
An important change in China in the post-Mao era has been the
Encouragement of greater foreign investment in the national economy
One difference between the politics of China and the politics of the former Soviet Union is that
Ethnic and nationality divisions were more significant in politics in the Soviet Union
In China the concept of parallel hierarchies ensures that
Every state structure has a corresponding party structure
The term "jumping into the sea" or "going fishing" refers to
Going into private enterprise or capitalism
Comparing Mikhail Gorbachev and Deng Xiaoping, which is the following statements is false? (A) Gorbachev was less accepting than Deng of private enterprise and accumulation of private wealth (B) Deng's economic reforms met with greater resistance from the party bureaucrats who rejected the dismantling of centralized planning for the economy (C) Both viewed capitalism as a necessary evil for economic progress (D) Gorbachev was more tolerant of political reform
Gorbachev was less accepting than Deng of private enterprise and accumulation of private wealth
Which of the following is Mao Zedong's most important legacy? (A) He developed a successful strategy for peasant-based revolution in China (B) He forged the agreement with Great Britain under which Hong Kong reverted to Chinese control in 1997 (C) He successfully engineered China's assumption of a dominant role in international politics (D) He started the economic and social reforms of the late 1970's that brought market principles to rural China (E) He made the People's Liberation Army the most important institution in Chinese politics
He developed a successful strategy for peasant-based revolution in China
Bureaucracies in communist systems such as the Soviet Union or China have tended to
Hinder reform
China's Cultural Revolution was characterized by which of the following: I A purge of more moderate political leaders II An effort to mobilize mass action and revive revolutionary commitment III Manipulation of public opinion by factions in CCP leadership eager to strengthen own position IV The withdrawal of Mao from active political life
I, II, and III only
In China, Communist party branches at the local level have which of the following functions? I Recruiting new party members II Conducting propaganda and education activities III Supervising and disciplining local party members IV Electing members of the Politburo
I, II, and III only
Which of the following is NOT a current/potential source of conflict within China? (A) One child policy (B) Relationship with Taiwan (C) Followers of Falun Gong (D) Increasing unemployment in urban areas and mass migration of Chinese to rural areas (E) Political status of Tibet
Increasing unemployment in urban areas and mass migration of Chinese to rural areas
Which statement about the Long March is FALSE? (A) It gave rise to the CCP belief that struggle and bloodshed ultimately are the only source to political problems (B) It solidified the relationship between the army and the peasants (C) It consolidated the power of Mao as leader of the CCP (D) It resulted from the invasion of the Japanese in the 1930's (E) It resulted in the Spirit of Yan'an, the revolutionary spirit of the CCP
It resulted from the invasion of the Japanese in the 1930's
Which of the following statements best describes the Chinese pro-democracy movement of 1989? (A) It began in the provinces and spread quickly to Beijing (B) It was successful in toppling the Chinese government (C) It was led by university students who demanded more rapid political reform (D) It was led by progressive reformers within the CCP (E) It was led by workers and peasants who were angry about government corruption and inflation
It was led by university students who demanded more rapid political reform
Which of the following does not belong in a discussion of the Great Leap Forward? (A) Twenty years in a day (B) Collectivization of farms (C) Three Bad Years (D) Jumping into the sea (E) Centralized economic 5-year plan
Jumping into the sea
Which of the following statements about "Special Economic Zones" is FALSE? (A) Represent concept of bourgeois liberalization (B) Established by Deng to attract foreign investment (C) Attempt by CCP leadership to regain popular support following Cultural Revolution (D) Largely established in the Northern coastal cities (E) In large part responsible for the economic growth of China's GDP
Largely established in the Northern coastal cities
The term which bestows legitimacy on Chinese rulers is
Mandate of Heaven
All of the following were causes of the Cultural Revolution except (A) fears of Communist party radicals about the erosion of revolutionary zeal among the young (B) Mao's desire to reassert his control over the Communist Party (C) Mao's intention to reestablish diplomatic relations with the United States (D) Prolonged policy disputes among top Communist party officials
Mao's intention to reestablish diplomatic relations with the United States
Deng's Four Modernizations included all of the following except (A) Agricultural improvements (B) Modernization of the military (C) Increased industrialization (D) Political modernization (E) Scientific and technological advancements
Modernization of the military
Which of the following statements about the PLA is FALSE? (A) It engages in cadre capitalism (B) Political commissar in each unit is responsible for the correct political thinking of the soldiers (C) Considers art and culture integral parts of military training (D) PLA is considered an increasingly apolitical force (E) Owns and operates several popular nightclubs in China
PLA is considered an increasingly apolitical force
Under Deng's leadership, which of the following statements is FALSE? (A) China became more involved in world affairs, borrowing technology from the West (B) War remained an important instrument of policy as China made military advances into both Tibet and Vietnam (C) Closer economic ties between China and Taiwan were forged though political ties remained strained (D) Modernization and growth of the Chinese military caused Japan concern and desire to establish her own military force, forbidden by her constitution (E) PRC was officially recognized by the United Nations, took China's seat on the UN Security Council, and President Nixon visited China
PRC was officially recognized by the United Nations, took China's seat on the UN Security Council, and President Nixon visited China
Which of the following statements about China is most characteristic of most developing nations? (A) China lacks national resources (B) Per capita gross domestic product is relatively low (C) Corruption is rare (D) Defense policy is aggressive toward neighbors (E) Foreign policy is subordinate to the wishes of developed countries
Per capita gross domestic product is relatively low
Which position is not currently held by Xi Jinping? (A) Chairman of Central Military Commission (B) President of the PRC (C) Premier of the State Council (D) General Secretary of the CCP
Premier of the State Council
The movement for reform in both the Soviet Union and China in the 1980's included which of the following: (A) Increasing Communist party involvement in local economic management (B) Emphasizing ideology over pragmatism (C) Emphasizing the role of the military in domestic policies (D) Establishing competitive, multiparty elections (E) Reducing, restructuring, and re-staffing government and party bureaucracies
Reducing, restructuring, and re-staffing government and party bureaucracies
The four cardinal rules of cadres include each of the following EXCEPT (A) Following Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought (B) Following authority of CCP (C) Socialism as an economic philosophy (D) Dictatorship of the proletariat (E) Reliance on the family unit
Reliance on the family unit
Chinese citizens participate in politics by voting in elections for
Representatives to the local People's Congress
Which of the following forms of industrial ownership has increased the least in China in the last 20 years? (A) Collective (B) Private or Individual (C) Foreign (D) State
State
The highest organ of state authority according to the Chinese constitution which is representative of the Chinese population and has formal governing power is the
State Council
The highest organ of state authority in China is the
State Council
Founder and first president of the Republic of China was
Sun Yat-sen
Which of the following statements about Taiwan is FALSE? (A) Nationalist government imposed martial law on Taiwan for almost 40 years, from its arrival in 1949-1987 (B) Nationalist government was in a sense a dynasty for almost 50 years as Chiang was succeeded by his son (C) PRC follows a "One China" Policy and regards Taiwan as a renegade province (D) Taiwan is currently recognized as a state in the UN but does not sit on the UN Security Council (E) China has threatened military action over Taiwan's assertion of national independence
Taiwan is currently recognized as a state in the UN but does not sit on the UN Security Council
Which of the following statements about the office of the President of the PRC is FALSE? (A) The President is elected to a term of 5 years (B) The President can serve two consecutive terms (C) Position until the last couple of decades has been largely ceremonial (D) The President is in charge of foreign policy and commander in chief of the armed forces (E) The Presidency was vacant for more than a decade
The President is in charge of foreign policy and commander in chief of the armed forces
Which of the following central organs carries out the daily work of the Chinese Communist party? (A) The Party Congress (B) The Secretariat (C) The National People's Congress (D) The Military Affairs Commission (E) The Neighborhood Committees
The Secretariat
Since 1949 all of the following have consistently been part of the ideology of the Chinese Communist party except the belief in (A) The central role of technical experts in making policy (B) Historical materialism as the way to understand the evolution of human society (C) The guiding role of the Communist party in development of China (D) Popular participation through the mass line (E) Progress toward a socialist society
The central role of technical experts in making policy
Which of the following statements about the 1989 Tienanmen Square events is FALSE? (A) The demonstration began in honor of recently deceased Chinese leader Zhao Ziyang (B) The order to clear the square on June 4th came from Deng Xiaoping (C) The events came to a head shortly after the visit to PRC by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev (D) Students were demonstrating for a Fifth Modernization, political reform (E) The symbol of the demonstration was a statue dubbed the Goddess of Democracy
The demonstration began in honor of recently deceased Chinese leader Zhao Ziyang
The term "mandarins" refers to
The professional bureaucrats during the dynastic cycle
Which of the following statements about Neighborhood Committees is FALSE? (A) They are the eyes and ears of the CCP at the local level (B) They are largely composed of retired women volunteers (C) They report to local officials the visits to local residents by outsiders (D) They determine when a couple may marry, have a child, or divorce (E) They register voters for the party
They register voters for the party
Which of the following statements about the Gang of Four is FALSE? (A) One of the leaders was Jiang Qing, Madame Mao (B) One of their goals was to revitalize the Communist Party and refocus the people's attention on political struggle through expansion of the revolutionary movement (C) They fought to continue the Cultural Revolution and the cult of Mao (D) They were convicted of crimes against the people and imprisoned (E) They were guided by the Soviet Union in their political struggle
They were guided by the Soviet Union in their political struggle
Which of the following statements about the Red Guards is FALSE? (A) Teachers were a primary target of the groups (B) They were ultimately brought under control by the PLA (C) They were viewed by Mao as counterrevolutionary (D) A significant number were children of government officials and Long March Veterans (E) A primary slogan was "Bombard the Command Post"
They were viewed by Mao as counterrevolutionary
Which of the following terms does not belong in a discussion of the relationship between the KMT and the CCP? (A) Encirclement campaigns (B) White Terror (C) United Front (D) Three Bad Years
Three Bad Years
Current President of Taiwan, representing the KMT is
Tsai Ing-wen
Chinese modernization has been relatively more stable than that of Russia, because the Chinese leadership
Was more coherent and pragmatic in dealing with economic issues
The Chinese Communist revolution had all of the following goals EXCEPT to (A) Westernize Chinese society (B) Eradicate the political power of the Guomindang [Kuomintang] (C) Eliminate the vested interests of state administrators (D) Enhance the power of the Communist party (E) Abolish private ownership of the means of production
Westernize Chinese society
Which of the following is a major obstacle that the leader of the Chinese Communist party faces when attempting to gain approval for policies? (A) the domination of national politics by military interests (B) factionalism within the highest levels of the party (C) the limitations placed on the party by the constitution (D) the power of the legislative body (E) the opposition of local elected officials
factionalism within the highest levels of the party
Maoism differs from Leninism most significantly in its emphasis on the role of
peasants as a revolutionary force
Xia xiang or the temporary assignment of Chinese Communist party officials to rural villages and factories, was intended to do all of the following EXCEPT (A) teach pro-Soviet attitudes to the masses (B) help to broaden the narrow bureaucratic perspective to party functionaries (C) help the party maintain legitimacy in the eyes of the populace (D) improve the ties between the party and the peasants (E) enable to party to gauge public opinion
teach pro-Soviet attitudes to the masses
In both the Soviet and Chinese political systems, policy-making power is primarily centered in
the Politburo of the Communist Party Central Committee
