chp 6 practice questions
Which type of skeletal cartilage is the most abundant in the skeleton?
Hyaline cartilage
What fiber type makes up lamellar rings?
collagen fibers
The shaft of a long bone is called the
diaphysis
The medullary cavity is lined by a connective tissue called
endosteum
The enlarged ends of a long bone are called
epiphysis
Where is articular cartilage found in long bones?
epiphysis
example of irregular bones
hip bones, pelvic
What tissue comprises the epiphyseal plate?
hyaline cartilage
What type of cartilage comprises articular cartilage?
hyaline cartilage
Name the three types of skeletal cartilage.
hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
What name is given to the inorganic component of bone?
hydroxyapatites
Describe the osteogenic layer of the periosteum
inner layer next to bone and contains osteogenic stem cells (bone stem cells)
example of long bones
limbs, fingers
spongey bone
made of trabeculae and they fill the inner layer of most bones
compact bone
made up of osteons and they fill the outer layer of most bones
osteoclasts
Bone-destroying cells
osteoblasts
Bone building cells
Where do the calcium and phosphate salts found in bone come from?
Diet
collagen fibers in bone
Gives bone its tensile strength • 1/2 of the bone matrix • very resistant to stretch (tension)
Describe the pathway of canals needed for nourishment of osteocytes in compact bone
In compact bone, nutrients travel from the blood supply of the medullary cavity through perforating (Volkmann's) canals that meet up with a central canal for each osteon. From a central canal, canaliculi connect with osteocytes.
Is cartilage innervated?
Not innervated
Differentiate between interstitial and appositional growth in cartilage.
appositional growth cartilage expands and widens interstitial growth causes it to grow in length
Is cartilage vascular or avascular?
avascular
What takes place in red bone marrow?
blood cell formation
reticular fibers in bone
bone marrow
Name the two types of connective tissue that comprise most of the skeletal system.
bone, skeletal cartilage
How are osteocytes in spongy bone nourished
by blood vessels of the periosteum that penetrate spongy bone and blood that circulates in the marrow cavities
ground substance in bone
calcium and phosphate salts
Where is the epiphyseal plate located in long bones?
near each end of bone
Do trabeculae of spongy bone contain osteons?
no the trabeculae is too thin to house osteons
Do short, flat or irregular bones have medullary cavities?
no they don't have a cavity that contains bone marrow
What lies inside lacunae?
osteocytes
What name is given to the organic component of bone?
osteoid
What is the basic structural unit of compact bone?
osteon
The shaft of a long bone is surrounded by a connective tissue called
periosteum
How is cartilage nourished?
receives nutrients by diffusion from surrounding perichondrium
The medullary cavity of children is filled with
red marrow
the role osteoblasts and osteoclasts play in bone.
responsible for new bone formation and aged bone resorption
What fibers comprise red bone marrow?
reticular fibers
example of flat bones
skull, ribs, sternum
What type of bone makes up most of the epiphyses?
spongey cancellous bone
Describe the basic structure of a flat bone.
thin, flat, curved
How are osteocytes in compact bone nourished?
through the canaliculi via diffusion from blood vessels in the bone marrow
Is bone vascular or avascular?
vascular
example of short bones
wrist and ankle
The medullary cavity of adults is filled with
yellow bone marrow
Is bone innervated?
yes, innervated